1、基础语法复习,构词法在英语中,词的构成法主要有三种:合成、转化、派生,一、合成,由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号“-” 连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个 词构成。1.合成名词名词+名词 cowboy newspaper名词+ing handwriting sunbathinging+名词 waiting-room sleeping-pill形容词+名词 blackboard shorthand,2. 合成动词: 副词+动词 overthrow uphold形容词+动词 blacklist whitewash名词+动词 sleepwalk sunburn 3. 合成形容词:
2、名词+形容词 snow-white lifelong 名词+过去分词 man-made hand made数词+名词 one-way second-hand.,一、合成,二、转化:,动词 名词: taste (v.) taste (n.)It tastes good. It has a good taste. (2) 名词 动词: hand (n.) hand (v.)Lets go hand in hand.Please hand in your exercise books after class. (3) 形容词 动词: clean (adj.) clean (v.)Her room i
3、s clean and tidy.She cleans her room everyday.,由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性.,三、派生：,1.表示否定意义的前缀,dis- dishonest, dislike in-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, illegal, impossible, immoral, irregular mis- misunderstand mislead non- nonsense un- unable, unemployment anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antifo
4、reigner,(排外的),由一个词根加上前缀 或后缀构成另外一个词。,2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀,1) a- 表示“在之上”，“向”aboard, aside, 2) by- 表示“附近，邻近，边侧”bypath, bypass(弯路) 3) inter-, intel-, 表示“在间，相互”international, interaction, internetmid-, 表示“中，中间” midnight, mid-autumn,5) out-, 表示“在上面，在外部，在外”outline, outside, outward 6) over-, 表示“在上面，在外部，向上”ove
5、rlook, overhead, overboard 7) extra-, 表示“额外” extraction （提取） 8) fore- 表示“在前面” forehead, foreground 9) in-, im-, 表示“向内，在内，背于”inland, invade, inside, import,2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀,under-, 表示“在下面，下的” underline, underground, underwater 11) up-, 表示“向上，向上面，在上”upward, uphold, uphill(上坡),1re-“又,再” repeat, review
6、, return, reunite, remarry2. co“联合，伴同” cooperate, coexist, co-worker3. super“在上；加之” superman, supermarket,3.表示其他意义的前缀:,Practice (I):,从右栏中找出适当的词与左栏搭配构成合成词.,book lookers new far first trouble ten baby over empty,reaching case minute class born on handed eat sit free,Practice (II):,rain(形容词) _ agree(反义
7、)_nation(形容词)_ farm(人)_recent(副词)_ friend(形容词)_hope(形容词)_ back(形容词)_visit(名词)_ home(形容词) _eight(序数词)_ true(名词)_America(形容词)_ China(形容词)_,按括号内的要求改写下列单词,rainy,national,recently,hopeful,visitor,eighth,American,disagree,farmer,friendly,backwards,homeless,truth,Chinese,Practice (III):,Fill in the blanks
8、with proper words.,With the (1)_ (develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more (2)_ more serious. In Beijing, many people suffer different kinds of illnesses because (3)_ air pollution.Air pollution is caused (4)_ the following reasons: about half of the problem is caused by vehicles. There a
9、re more and more cars, buses on the roads, and they give (5)_ poisonous gases. 25%of air pollution is caused by factories. Another (6)_ (fact) is the smokers. Smoking not only does (7) _ to their health(8)_ also to others. Besides these, about 10% of air (9) _ is caused by other reasons.We should take some measures to fight(10)_ pollution. New fuel can be used to replace gas. We can plant more trees. If everybody realizes the importance of environment and does something to stop the problem will be solved.,development,and,of,by,out,factor,harm,but,pollution,against,
