1、,Pedagogy,教师教育学院,Lecturer: Li Shang Wei (vice-professor) Department:Teacher education college Email:. Tel: 0831-3530951(o) Cell Phone:13990989538,Abstract,Pedagogy is the basic subject of educational sciences. It mainly probes into the general problems and rules, such as some knowledge about pedagog
2、y, educational essence, history, system, evaluation, object and the relations between education and society or person/individual, curriculum and instruction, moral education, etc.,Courseware in teacher education college,Learning what?,Teaching purposes,1. Learning knowledge and principles about educ
3、ation and pedagogy 2. constructing reasonable educational ideas, skills and wit 3. cultivating the abilities of analyzing and resolving some daily questions and problems.,Courseware in teacher education college,Methods: discussion, query or bring forward questions, lecture, practice credit points: 3
4、 credit hour: 54,How to learn?,Courseware in teacher education college,How to evaluate?,Assessment and evaluation,1. attendance register (20%) 2. schoolwork (20%) 3. dissertation or short paper(20%) 4. final-examination(40%),Courseware in teacher education college,Contents,Chapter one: An introducti
5、on to pedagogy Chapter two: Educational essence Chapter three: Educational function Chapter four: Educational evolution Chapter five: Educational object Chapter six: teacher and student Chapter seven: Curriculum Chapter eight: Instruction Chapter nine: Moral education Chapter ten: Class management C
6、hapter elven: Scooling system Chapter twelve: educational evaluation,Courseware in teacher education college,Instructional materials,1. Li shang wei: Common Pedagogy, published by Beijing Normal University, 2010 2. Zhen Jin Zhou: Educational general theory M, East China Normal University publishing
7、company, 2006 3. Ye Lan: An introduction of education M, Ren Min publishing company, 2005 4. Huang Ji, etc: Theory and practice of modern education M, Ren Min publishing company, 2005,You cant read only a book!,Courseware in teacher education college,You have to read more than one book!,参考文献,1、李尚卫等:
8、普通教育学,北京师范大学出版社,2010 1、郑金洲著:教育通论,华东师范大学出版社,2006 2、(德)底特利希本纳. 普通教育学教育思想和行动基本结构的系统的和问题史的引论M,彭正梅等译,华东师范大学出版社,2006 3、叶澜著:教育概论,人民教育出版社,1991 4、黄济、王策三主编:现代教育论,人民教育出版社,2006 5、南京师范大学教育系编:教育学,人民教育出版社,1984 6、筑波大学教育研究会. 现代教育学基础M,钟启泉译,上海教育出版社,2003 7、(加)马克斯范梅南. 教学机智教育智慧的意蕴M,李树英译,教育科学出版社,2002 8、袁振国主编:当代教育学,教育科学出版社
9、,1999 9、王道俊等:教育学,人民教育出版社,2005,Courseware in teacher education college,Chapter one: An introduction to pedagogy,第一章教育学概论,Courseware in teacher education college,Content,Unit one: Research object and features of common pedagogy Unit two: History of common pedagogy Unit three: Learning and research met
10、hods of common pedagogy questions,Courseware in teacher education college,Teaching purposes,1. understanding educational science and common pedagogy2. understanding the history of educational science3. understanding the methods and means of studying and learning educational science,Courseware in tea
11、cher education college,Key words,Educational science(教育科学) Common pedagogy(普通教育学) Educational phenomenon(教育现象) Educational problem(教育问题) Educational fact(教育事实) Educational law or principle(教育规律或教育原则),Courseware in teacher education college,Case: 教育学的意义,教育学是一种机智的调和艺术,它调和了这个世界的各种可能的影响,以便让孩子能不断对有影响力的事物
12、施加影响,教师应避免从逼迫孩子学习或做某事的意义上直接影响孩子,充分地、从教育学的角度利用这个世界的影响来机智地对孩子施加影响。 并不是所有人之间的影响在本质上都是有教育学意义的,教育者需要具备调和传统和文化对年轻人的影响的能力;教育性的事件(pedagogical events)是成人和儿童参与其中,指向于儿童积极的生存和成长的有意向性的活动和交互作用,任何教育学意向都应尊重儿童本人的实际情况和发展,教育学意向就是改善最大可能地加强儿童的任何积极意向和品质 教育学的根本条件是爱和关心、希望和信任、责任感。对大数孩子来说,同情心是比什么都重要,它是成人从关心的意义上理解儿童或年轻人的情境;当孩
13、子呼唤帮忙时,教师必须负责任地响应,“被呼唤感”是作为一名教育者、父母亲和教师的更深层次的意义和生活的意义。 (加)马克斯范梅南. 教学机智教育智慧的意蕴M,李树英译,教育科学出版社,2002,Courseware in teacher education college,Unit one: Research object and subject feature of common pedagogy,第一节 普通教育学的研究对象与学科特点,Courseware in teacher education college,Part one: research object and subject
14、system of educational science,教育科学的研究对象与学科体系,Courseware in teacher education college,1.“educational science” evolution pedagogy (育儿学)-didactic(教授学) -educational science(s)( singularity and plurality) (单数与复数教育科学) /education (教育或教育学)- educology (教理学) Enlightenment:1. the scope of educational research
15、is becoming greater and greater2. educational science connotation(内涵) is more and more abundant,Courseware in teacher education college,2.research object(研究对象) 2.1. “Phenomenon” idea: It researches educational phenomena(教育现象),which include educational activities.2.2.”Problem”idea:It researches educa
16、tional problems(教育问题),which mainly include some ill problems,Courseware in teacher education college,2.3.”Fact” idea: It researches educational facts(教育事实),which differ from educational value, and mainly present educational activities and problems.2.4.”Law” idea: It researches educational laws(教育规律)
17、and principles(原理), which reveal the relations of all educational phenomena,Courseware in teacher education college,2.5.”Phenomenon and law” idea: It researches educational phenomena and reveals educational law ( my idea)First, educational science must study educational phenomena, which include educ
18、ational problems , facts, laws and principle, thoughts and theory, etc.Second, it must reveal the laws and principles.,Courseware in teacher education college,4.knowledge and subject system(知识或学科体系) 4.1 张诗亚:教育科学包括基础科学、技术科学和应用科学三大学科群 basic theory(基础理论):educational philosophy, sociology, anthropology,
19、 logics , history, ecology and comparative pedagogy, etc; about basic concepts and principals. technical theory(技术理论):educational statistics, technology, methodology, measurement of pedagogy, etc; about basic methods and skills. Applied theory(应用理论):pre-school, adult pedagogy ; educational law, poli
20、cy; higher and educational theory, etc; about realistic appliance and operation,Courseware in teacher education college,4.2 以研究对象为依据,把教育科学分为以教育理论和教育研究活动与以教育活动为对象两大类。 前者包括元教育学; 后者又可分为运用其他学科分析教育问题与分析教育领域独有的实际问题两个方面,第一方面包括分析教育中的形而上问题(教育哲学、教育逻辑学、教育伦理学、教育美学)、分析教育中的社会现象(教育社会学、教育经济学、教育政治学、教育法学、教育人类学、教育文化学、
21、教育人口学)、分析教育中个体的“人”(教育生理学、教育心理学)、分析教育的存在形态(教育史学、比较教育学、教育未来学)、分析教育的方法与手段(教育统计学、教育测量学、教育评价学、教育实验学、教育技术学)和分析教育的运行机制(教育行政学、教育管理学、教育卫生学、教育生态学),第二方面包括课程论、教学论、德育论。,Courseware in teacher education college,4.3 胡德海:教育科学存在宏观、中观和微观三个层次学科 。 宏观层次,即理论教育学,包括教育学原理、教育基本理论、教育哲学、教育史学等; 中观层次包括部门教育学(高等、中等、初等、幼儿、特殊教育学)、边缘教
22、育学(教育心理学、社会学、经济学、政治学等)和教育活动与过程(教学论、学习论、课程论、教师论、学习论); 微观层次,即应用教育学,包括教育管理学、统计学、工艺学、卫生学、评价学、测量学、建筑学、专业教育学(音乐、语文、美术、历史、数学、生物教育学)等。,Courseware in teacher education college,4.4 喻立森:教育科学包括基础研究、应用研究、开发研究三大学科群。 基础研究包括元理论研究(元教育学、教育哲学、教育逻辑学、教育科学方法论)和教育理论形式中载体或媒体的研究(教育学、教育史学、教育美学、教育信息学、比较教育学); 应用研究包括教育理论形式应用于教育
23、实践活动的研究(教育生理学、心理学、管理学、技术学、评价学、课程论、教学论、德育论)和教育实践活动中主体与客体的研究(教育生态学、社会学、人类学、人口学、经济学、政治学、文化学); 开发研究包括基础与应用研究成果应用于开发的研究(教育规划学、结构学、督导学、未来学)和教育实践活动与教育理论形式关系中个体与群体的研究(教育实验学、统计学、测量学、法学)。,Courseware in teacher education college,4.5 侯怀银等:教育科学包括内部分化形成的学科、与其他学科联姻横向分化形成的学科。 前者包括以研究对象分化形成的学科(如学前教育学、普通教育学、高等教育学、成人教
24、育学,特殊教育学等)、研究范围形成的学科(如教育原理、课程论、教学论、德育原理等); 后者包括以教育活动为研究对象的学科(包括教育哲学、教育社会学、教育生物学等以有关学科的理论分析框架形成的学科和教育史、教育评价学、教育技术学等运用有关学科的研究方法形成的学科)和以教育学研究对象的学科(元教育学、教育学史、教育科学学等)。,Courseware in teacher education college,4.6柳海民:教育科学包括基础学科、基本学科、应用学科、分类学科、交叉学科 。 基础学科包括教育史、教育心理学;基本学科即普通教育学,包括教育原理、教学论、德育原理、学校管理学; 应用学科包括学
25、科教学论、教育科学研究方法、教育技术学、教育工艺学; 分类学科包括学前教育学、高等教育学、成人教育学、职业教育学、特殊教育学等; 交叉学科包括教育哲学、教育社会学、教育经济学、教育统计学、教育评价学、教育人类学。,Courseware in teacher education college,Conclusion,In a broad sense, educational science is a subject or scholarship on educational knowledge, which “science” stemmed from “scientia” resembles
26、“knowledge” in meaning.In a narrow sense, educational science equal to (common) pedagogy, which is a subject on educational common knowledge.,Courseware in teacher education college,Part two: research object of common pedagogy,1. common pedagogy mainly probes into the common question about education
27、 普通教育学主要探讨教育的一般问题,Courseware in teacher education college,2. common pedagogy is basic subject of educational science 普通教育学是教育科学的基础学科之一,Courseware in teacher education college,3. Common pedagogy is different from Introduction to education, educational principle and educational theory 普通教育学不同于教育概论、教育(
28、学)原理、教育通论,Courseware in teacher education college,Part three: Subject feature of common pedagogy,1. Comprehensive(综合性) :它是总结过去理论研究与教育实践的基础;要借鉴哲学、心理学等其他学科的研究成果。 2. Practical(实践性):人类教育实践需要的结果;需要广泛运用于教育实践,Courseware in teacher education college,Unit two: History of common pedagogy,第二节普通教育学的发展历史,Coursew
29、are in teacher education college,Part one: historical period of common pedagogy,Common pedagogy was emerged from and summed up or summarized educational practice and educational questions. With the development of society and educational experience, it has become prolific and mature.,Courseware in te
30、acher education college,1. embryonic stage(萌芽时期,before the 17th century) Character: It only described educational phenomena and questions, which was usually contained in philology and psychology Main educational scholars and works: Confucius, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, etc 学记,Plato(柏拉图)The republic
31、(理想国), M. F. Quintilianus(昆体良)De Oratore Education(论演说家的教育),Courseware in teacher education college,孔子,苏格拉底,亚里士多德,柏拉图,Courseware in teacher education college,2. Subject-constructed stage(学科形成时期,17-19th century)2.1 character:2.1.1 it had its own research field2.1.2 it had its own conception (概念)and c
32、ategory (范畴)2.1.3 it had its own research methods2.1.4 it had its own educationists and works2.1.5 it had its own research organization and community(共同体),Courseware in teacher education college,2.2 Main educational scholars and works:John.Amos. Comenius(夸美纽斯)The Great Didactic (大教学论,1632); Jobann.
33、Friedrich. Herbart (赫尔巴特) General principles of the science of education Psychologically deduced from its aim(普通教育学,1806) ; John. Locke(洛克)Some thoughts concerning education(教育漫话); Jean. Jacques. Rousseau(卢梭)Emile, or On education(爱弥尔), all of which analyzed some educational problems from different
34、view, and systematically researched educational object, content, system, teaching organization, and formed the knowledge structure of pedagogy based on psychology.,Courseware in teacher education college, General principles of the science of education Psychologically deduced from its aim (普通教育学)目录 绪
35、论 第一篇 教育的一般目的第一章 儿童的管理 第二章 真正的教育 第二篇 兴趣的多方面性 第一章 多方面性的概念 第二章 兴趣的概念 第三章 多方面兴趣的对象 第四章 教学 第五章 教学的过程 第六章 教学的结果 第三篇 性格的道德力量 第一章 究竟什么叫做性格 第二章 论道德的概念 第三章 道德性格的表现形式第四章 性格形成的自然过程 第五章 训育 第六章 训育特殊性的考察,Courseware in teacher education college,3. Complete knowledge system(知识体系完备时期):19-20th century3.1 Character: 3
36、.1.1 in-depth study3.1.2 from humanism(人文主义) to scientism(科学主义) to scientific-humanism( 科学人文主义) pedagogy 3.1.3 many branches of educational science3.1.4 Marxism pedagogy(马克思主义教育学) appeared3.1.5. adult education and pedagogy (成人教育和成人教育学)3.1.6. life-long education and pedagogy (终身教育与终身教育学),Courseware
37、in teacher education college,3.2 Main educational scholars and works:(1)Experimental Pedagogy(实验教育学):拉伊与梅伊曼的实验教育学(2)Pragmatism pedagogy(实用主义教育学)英国Herbert Spencer(斯宾塞)On moral education, intellectual education and physical education(教育论,1861)(实科教育)、德国梅伊曼.拉伊 Experimental Pedagogy (实验教育学,1903)、John Dew
38、ey(杜威)Democracy and education(民主主义与教育,1916),(3)Marxism pedagogy(马克思主义教育学)杨贤江(李浩吾)(1895-1931),浙江余姚县人,马克思主义教育思想家,著有教育史ABC(1928)、 新教育大纲(1930)等; 前苏联教育家凯洛夫的教育学(1939)等相继问世,表明人们对教育问题的研究日益深入,重视教育与人的关系,教育与社会的关系,引发了”现代教育”与传统教育的种种论争,马克思主义关于教育问题的理论与资本主义的教育理论形成了尖锐的对立。,Courseware in teacher education college,4.De
39、epenning and reconstructing stage(学科深化与重构阶段):the end of 20 century4.1 Character: There are a lot of workings about pedagogy and common pedagogy. Researchers rethink how to improve its knowledge system.20世纪末,随着教育科学分支科学的不断涌现,除了出现大量以“教育学”命名的教育著作外,以“普通教育学”命名的著作也日益丰富,学界似乎再次掀起了对普通教育学的关注。,Courseware in tea
40、cher education college,4.2 Main educational scholars and works:(德)本纳的普通教育学教育思想和行动基本结构的系统的和问题史的引论(1986),Courseware in teacher education college,Part two:100-year pedagogy in China 中国教育学百年,1. Subject-introduced and starting stage(学科引进与初创时期,20世纪初20世纪80年代) 1.1 Germans pedagogy (德国式教育学,1900-1919)Learned
41、Western pedagogy,Especially Herberts pedagogy,by dint of Japanese,which translated and published educational works,taught educational subject,originate educational publication,set up educational institute.1902年钦定学堂章程、1904年奏定学堂章程形成自己的学制。1901年教育世界,1902年京师大学堂(北京大学前身)开设教育学课程、蔡元培北大改革;王国维译教育学教育学教科书(1901、1
42、902)、著教育学(1905),蒋维乔译新教育学(1909),张子和编著大教育学(1914)。全国教育科学研究会、全国教育学研究学会成立。,Courseware in teacher education college,1.2Americans pedagogy(美国式教育学,1919-1949)Roundly learned Dewey pragmatism pedagogy,etc. Some analyzed and challenged foreign pedagogy and authority,wanted to set up our educational system.1919
43、-1921年杜威来华讲学;孟宪承教育概论(1933)、吴俊升等教育概论(1935)、梁漱溟的rural education(乡村教育)、晏阳初的civilian education(平民教育),杨贤江新教育大纲(1930)。,Courseware in teacher education college,1.3USSRs pedagogy(苏联式教育学,1949-1958) Wholly learned USSRs pedagogy, especially 凯洛夫Pedagogy,which made for stablising the teaching order,filled up so
44、cialism pedagogy, and criticized pragmatism pedagogy.张凌光等教育学(中师教材,1953)、北师大教育学讲义(1955)。,Courseware in teacher education college,1.4 Beginning to be localized in China, (普通教育学的“中国化”,19581965) The scholars beginned to write some textbooks about pedagogy, which mainly compiled educational policy1.5Quot
45、ation pedagogy(普通教育学的“语录化”, 19661976) Pedagogy was mainly some ana(语录) from Mao ZeDong, Lenin , Marx and Engels.,Courseware in teacher education college,2Subjects deepenning and reconstruction (学科深化与重构时期, after 1980s) After the third plenary meeting of the eleventh National peoples congress, educati
46、onal science had been developing more and more quickly, which had more branching subjects, introduced more foreign works,published educational workings more than 200. 五院校教育学、南京师大教育学、瞿葆奎教育学文集教育科学分支学科丛书 我国北京教育行政学院的普通教育学(1983)、谢景隆的普通教育学(1987)、许高厚的普通教育学(1997)、张道祥的当代教育学(2006)、陈桂生的普通教育学纲要(2009)等,Coursewar
47、e in teacher education college,Enlightenment: Chinese pedagogy has been changing from introduction, learning into self construction and development, which thought and thinks much of learning from foreigners and ancestors.,Courseware in teacher education college,Unit three: Functions and methods of l
48、earning and researching common pedagogy,第三节 学习、研究普通教育学的方法和意义,Courseware in teacher education college,Part one: research methods of common pedagogy,1. Basic research method(普通教育学的基本研究方法 ) 1.1. Historical method(历史法)用历史方法研究教育理论与实践发生、发展、演变过程的历史规律,目的在于反思过去,预测与指导未来教育的发展。,Courseware in teacher education c
49、ollege,1.2. Comparative method(比较法) 它是对某类教育现象在不同时期、地点、情况下的不同表现进行比较分析,以揭示教育的普遍规律及其特殊表现的方法。 它有助于把握教育现象的异同,要求资料准确、可靠,具有可比性。,Courseware in teacher education college,1.3. Literature analysis(文献分析法) 它是结合课题对有关教育文献进行比较分析、综合,从中提炼新的事实与资料的方法。 教育文献可分一次文献(原始文献)、二次文献(检索文献)与三次文献(参考文献)三种类型,包括书籍(名著、专著、教科书、手册、百科全书、科普读物)、报刊(报纸、杂志、学报、汇刊、文摘、复印资料等)、教育档案(年鉴、统计、名录、墓志等)、专家询问和非文字资料(校舍、遗迹、文物、歌谣等)等。,Courseware in teacher education college,