1、高级词汇,田禾国科大,一、词汇 主要测试考生是否具备一定的词汇量和根据上下文对词和词组意义判断的能力。词和词组的测试范围基本以本考试大纲词汇表为参照依据。 共20题。每题为一个留有空白的英文句子。要求考生从所给的四个选项中选出可用在句中的最恰当词或词组。,词汇选择填空 题量 20 分值 10 时间 15（分钟）,参考资料,中国科学院博士研究生英语入学考试辅导（第5版）北京理工大学出版社 中国科学院博士研究生英语入学考试英语考试大纲及真题精解(2005-2012)北京理工大学出版社 中国科学院研究生院硕士博士研究生英语词汇速记北京理工大学出版社(2006) Longman Dictionary
2、of Contemporary English: The Living Dictionary,大纲要求,根据中国科学院研究生院博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲 （1）考生应熟练掌握大纲所规定的8000多单词以及2000多词组。 （2）能够根据上下文对词和词组的意义进行判断。,出题形式,1.一词多义； 2. 近义词； 3. 形近词； 4. 固定搭配及短语。,5. 熟词生意 6.高频词汇 7. 重复考选项,词汇测试的重点是：,（1）名词(近义词辨析、名词与介词及动词的固定搭配) （2）动词(近义词辨析，与名词、介词、副词的搭配) （3）形容词(近义词辨析、形容词与名词、介词的搭配) （4）副词(词义
3、辨析或与动词的固定搭配)， （5）介词，连词及其短语。 其中，单词和词组的比例大致为14:6。,怎样记单词 1）记单词的方法(词缀) 2）发音、拼写、词义和词性 3）动词“三单”、过去式和过去分词 4）总结真题中的单词和词组,怎样记单词,记单词的方法 词缀 auto- (self): autograph; autobiography; autonomy; -cracy (government): autocracy; democracy; bureaucracy dem(o)- (people): demography; epidemic gen- (race): genocide; gene
4、rate; ant(i)- (against): antibiotics; Antarctica,怎样记单词,记单词的方法 词缀 -(o)nym (noun, name): acronym; pseudonym; anonymous astr(o)- (star): astrology; astronomy bi- (two): bicycle; binary; binocular semi- (half): semicircle; semiliterate in-, im-, il-, ir-, ig- (not): inaccurate; immortal; illegible; irre
5、gular; ignoble co-, col-, cor-, con- (together): cooperate; coordinate,proceed v. 前进，进行 procession 行列，队伍，游行 procedure 程序，手续，步骤 proceeding 进程, 程序 process 过程，程序 precedent a. & n. 优先的，先例 preceding a. 在前的,recede v. 后退 recess n. 休息，休会，休庭 recession n. 衰退 succeed v. 继承，接替 successor 继承人，接班人 succession n. 连续
6、，接连 successive a. 连续的,怎样记单词 记单词的方法（词缀）,-ics -(ici)st, -ician physics physicist linguistics linguist economics economist mathematics mathematician,-ology -ologist physiology physiologist psychology - psychologist biology biologist geology geologist,2005年10月A卷 390 （19.5） 2005年10月B 372（18.6） 2006年3月 37
7、2（18.6） 2006年10月 398（19.9） 2007年3月 399（19.95） 2007年10月 382（19.1） 2008年3月 408（20.4） 2008年10月 409（20.45）,2009年3月 405（20.25） 2009年10月 368（18.4） 2010年3月 412（20.6） 2010年10月 410（20.5） 2011年3月 401（20.05） 2011年10月 410（20.5） 2012年3月 384（19.2）,08/10,11. Public attitudes toward business regulations are deeply
8、_; most people resent intrusive government rules, yet they expect government to prevent businesses from defrauding, exploiting the public. A. hostile B. emotional C. ambiguous D. cynical,06/3,14. Job fairs are usually very lively and informal, and you can roam _, surveying what is on offer and gathe
9、ring literature on jobs you might not have considered in the everyday run of things. A. at peace B. at leisure C. at rest D. at speed,2005/10,14. The earthquake was followed by two _ shakings. A. attached B. consistent C. successive D. precedent,意近真题总结,6. She felt really bad when she realized that s
10、he had lost her watch. It wasnt expensive but it had sentimental _. (2006/10) A. expense B. price C. value D. charge 9. Whatever the questions he really wanted to ask at the reprocessing plant, though, he would never allow his personal feelings to _ with an assignment. (2007/03) A. interrupt B. both
11、er C. interfere D. intervene,四个选项都跟“价格”有关。只有value具有抽象的意义：重要性,益处：This dictionary is of little value to you. 这本词典对你没有什么帮助。 If something is done at the expense of someone, or at someones expense, it is done in a way that harms or embarrasses them. 以.为代价；在损害情况下,以牺牲 If you want something at any price, yo
12、u are willing to do anything in order to get it. 无论如何 不惜一切代价 charge: the amount of money that you have to pay for something, especially for an activity or serviceTheres an admission charge of 5.They fixed my watch free of charge.,bother: to annoy, worry, or cause problems for (someone) The heat was
13、beginning to bother him, so he sat down. If something or someone interferes with a situation or a process, it spoils it or prevents its advancement: Even a little noise interferes with my concentration. intervene: to become involved intentionally in a difficult situation in order to change it or imp
14、rove it, or prevent it from getting worse The superpowers began to intervene in local struggles in Africa.,意近真题总结,5. Successful students sometimes become so _with grades that they never enjoy their school years. (06/03) A. passionate B. involved C. immersed D. obsessed 3. Dirty Jobs on the Discovery
15、 Channel, an unlikely television program, has become a surprising success with a _ fan base. (11/03) A. contributed B. devoted C. revered D. sacred,四个形容词都有“投入”的意思。 passionate：充满热情的，一般跟about搭配。例如：Joe is passionate about baseball (= he likes it very much). Joe非常热衷打棒球。 involved：涉及，被卷入，可以与in和with搭配。例如：M
16、aria was so involved in her work that she didnt hear me come in. Maria完全沉浸于工作之中没有听到我进来。 immersed：沉浸于，专注于，一般与in搭配。例如：The 19th century scholars were men well immersed in study. 19世纪的学者都是潜心钻研学问的人。 obsessed：一门心思的，着迷的，鬼迷心窍的，一般与with搭配。 根据上下文，还是D最恰当。这句话的意思是：成绩优秀的学生有时候过度地看重分数，结果他们从来没能好好享受校园生活。,四个形容词都有“尊敬”的意
17、思。 He contributed half of his savings to the relief fund. 他将积蓄的一半捐献给救济基金会。 devoted 忠实的;挚爱的：Mrs. Jones had a very devoted husband. 琼斯太太有一位忠实的丈夫。 revere尊敬,崇敬;敬畏：Confucius was revered by his disciples and scholars in imperial China.在中国古代，孔子是受到其弟子和后世文人所崇敬的。 sacred神圣的;不可侵犯的;庄严的;郑重的 He made a sacred promi
18、se.他作出了郑重的许诺。 答案选B.句子的意思是：探索发现播放的干尽苦差事，本不被看好，却取得了惊人的成功，拥有了一群忠实的观众。,意近真题总结,5. Sophisticated equipment, white coats and medical _serve to make most lay people feel ignorant and less important. (06/10) A. jargon B. accent C. dialect D. idiom 16. At first the university refused to purchase the telescope
19、, but this decision was _ revised. （06/03） A. consecutively B. consequently C. successively D. subsequently,行话;黑话 Avoid computer jargon when you write for laymen. 写东西给一般人看时,应避免使用电脑术语。 口音,腔调 Judging by her accent, she must be a Southerner. 从她的口音判断,她准是南方人 方言,土话There are seven or eight major dialects i
20、n the Chinese language.汉语有七八种主要方言。 惯用语;成语;习惯语 To pull ones leg is an idiom. “to pull ones leg“(同某人开玩笑)是惯用语。,consecutive: describes events, numbers, etc. that follow one after another without an interruption This is the fifth consecutive weekend that Ive spent working, and Im a bit fed up with it. co
21、nsequent: happening as a result of something Our use of harmful chemicals and the consequent damage to the environment is a very serious matter. successive: happening one after the other without any break He won the World Championship for the third successive year. subsequent: happening after someth
22、ing else The book discusses his illness and subsequent resignation from the government.,意近真题总结,14. Since it is too late to change my mind, I am _ to carrying out the plan.(05/10A) A. committed B. obliged C. engaged D. resolved 6. James Joyce was _ as the greatest writer of the 20th century. (05/10A)
23、 A. saluted B. estimated C. scaled D. measured,本题考查近义词。四个词都有“投入去做”的意思。但只有be committed to doing 而be engaged in doing其他两个都只能接to do的形式。句子的意思是：既然改变主意已经太迟了，我将全力以赴完成这个计划。 本题各词都跟“衡量”有关。salute：致意，问候，称赞；estimate：估计，恰当地推测，评价；scale：称量，测量；measure：测量，估计。后三者基本都是对于“物”个“估价”，因此A最恰当。句子的意思是：詹姆斯乔伊斯被誉为20世纪最伟大的作家。,形近真题总结
24、,9. You solemnly advised them so as to return them to your law, but they behaved _ and did not obey your commandments.(05/10B) A. presumptuously B. presumptively C. profoundly D. presumably 5. What an outrageous suggestion, young man Im a _ married woman! (07/10) A. respecting B. respected C. respec
25、tful D. respective,本题考查形近词。其中A、B和D三个选项词形相近。各选项意思分别为：A自以为是地，放肆地；B据推测；C深刻地；D推测起来。句子的意思是：您郑重地警告他们以便使他们重新遵守您的法律，而他们却表现狂妄，拒绝遵守您的戒律。 四个选项中都有“respect-”部分。respecting：鉴于。例如Respecting the fact that the accused was a minor, the charges were dropped.鉴于被告尚未成年这一事实,免于起诉。respected：受尊敬的。例如：Peoples Daily is the count
26、rys most respected daily newspaper.人民日报是全国最受尊敬的报纸。respectful：恭敬的，尊敬的。例如: “Were so pleased to meet you at last,” he said in a respectful tone of voice.“我们很高兴终于见到您了。”他用恭敬的口吻说道。respective：各自的，分别的。例如：Everyone would go into the hall for assembly and then afterwards wed go to our respective classes.大家先到大厅
27、聚一下，然后各自回班。由此可见，B符合题意。本题译为汉语是：年轻人，你的建议真是不可理喻，我可是一位令人尊敬的已婚女士。,形近真题总结,7. His short _ in the living room had been long enough to keep him awake now. (10/03) A. dove B. dose C. dole D. doze 3. Doctors must inform _ parents about the low odds of success in fertility treatments. (08/03) A. protective B. r
28、espective C. prospective D. perspective,本题四个单词词形非常相近，其中只有C选项属于生僻词。 dove和平鸽； dose药物的剂量； dole赈济品，施舍物； doze瞌睡，小睡。 句子的意思是：他在起居室里睡的那点功夫够撑他醒一阵子了。,四个选项中都带有同样的后缀“-ective”。 四个选项的意思分别为： protective：保护的； respective：分别的； prospective：预期的，盼望中的，未来的，即将发生的； perspective：看法，展望。 可见C符合题意。这句话的意思是“医生必须告知满怀期待的父母生育治疗的成功率比较低。
29、”,习题,3. Fierce storms have been _ rescue efforts and there is now little chance of finding more survivors. A) scampering B) hampering C) pampering D) tampering 4. Womens magazines are often _ to be superficial. A) deceived B) perceived C) received D) conceived,习题,hamper: to prevent someone doing som
30、ething easilyFierce storms have been hampering rescue efforts and there is now little chance of finding more survivors. pamper: to treat with too much kindness and attention Our children are pampered by their grandparents. scamper: When small children and animals scamper, they run with small quick s
31、teps, in a playful or frightened way (孩子等)蹦蹦跳跳 The children scampered off into the garden. tamper: to touch or change something without permissionDont tamper with the boiler.,习题,perceive: to come to an opinion about something, or have a belief about something Womens magazines are often perceived to
32、be superficial. deceive: to persuade (someone) that something false is the truth; trick or foolThe company deceived customers by selling old computers as new ones. conceive: to bring (a thought or idea) into being; imagine When they talk about billions of dollars, I cant even conceive of that much m
33、oney.,常见词生僻意总结,32. Anyone who fails to _ the companys rules and regulations will be dismissed.(04/10) A. perform B. implement C. observe D. execute,perform的意思是“做，完成，执行”。例如：Computers can perform a variety of tasks.计算机能够完成多项任务。 implement的意思是“将计划、制度付诸实施”。例如：The changes to the national health system wil
34、l be implemented next year.国家医疗系统改革将于明年实施。 observe意思之一为“遵守，奉行”。例如：The old people in the village still observe the local traditions.村里的老年人仍然遵行当地的传统。 execute的意思是“（按计划）执行”。例如：The government had difficulty in executing the policy.政府在实施该项政策时遇到困难。 通过阅读可知这句话的意思是：任何不遵守公司的规章制度的人都会被开除。 “observe”有“看到，观察”的意思，还有
35、“遵守，奉行”的含义.,常见词生僻意总结,17. As a journalist Hemingway trained himself in _ of expression. His deliberate avoidance of very attractive adjectives is some of the traces of his early journalistic practices. (08/10) A. economy B. elegance C. depth D. neatness 5. Newspapers and magazines carry extensive _ o
36、f diet and health topics and diet books are among the best sellers. (09/03) A. sketch B. concern C. coverage D. involvement,这道题就是考economy的另一个意思“节约”。这句话的意思是：作为一名记者，海明威训练自己语言使用的简练性。他有意避免华丽辞藻的使用可以追溯到其早期的记者训练。 这道题就是考coverage的意思。该词有四个意思，最常见的就是“覆盖”。另外它还有“保险覆盖范围”、“新闻报道”和“信贷准备金”这三个意思。本题考查的就是“新闻报道”这个意思。这句话的译
37、文是：报纸杂志大量刊载饮食、健康方面的话题，饮食方面的书籍也排行榜上名列前茅。,2. Police have planned a reconstruction of the crime tomorrow in the hope that this will _ the memory of the passers-by. 05/10A A. keep B. ease C. jog D. enhance 唤起,提醒,20. This has been forwarded to us in _ by the FBI and you are asked to treat the information
38、 accordingly.05/10B A. confidence B. mystery C. dark D. express 秘密,私密,8. The 12-year-old civil war had _ 1.5 million lives. 06/03A. declared B. proclaimed C. claimed D. asserted 9. According to the latest population _ the number of people in the world will go up an alarming 100 per cent. 06/10 A. pr
39、ocedure B. proceeding C. process D. projection,9. Written primarily for a specialized but diverse body of scholars, this book _ the attention of those interested in seventeenth-century English literature. 07/10 A. warrants值得 B. proposes C. acclaims 欢呼 D. distills提取,4. Those who got angry and crazy s
40、et fire to cars and shops in the Paris suburb of Clichy-sous-Bois, then the problems _. 08/10 A. evolved B. evaporated C. escalated D. exalted,高频真题总结,5. Successful students sometimes become so _with grades that they never enjoy their school years. (06/03) A. passionate B. involved C. immersed D. obs
41、essed 10. His _ with computers began six months ago.(07/03) A. imagination B. innovation C. observation D. obsession,本题考查obsession with的搭配，其他三个名词均不能与之搭配。imagination：想象，幻想；innovation：革新，创新；observation：观察，观测；obsession：着魔，入迷。句子的意思是：六个月前他就迷上了电脑。,高频真题总结,3. The profit motive is inherently _ with principle
42、s of fairness and equity. (06/03) A. in line B. in trade C. at times D. at odds 12. Powell calls for drawdown from Iraq by mid-2007. His comments break his long public silence on the issue and place him _ with the administration. (07/10) A. at will B. at ease C. at times D. at odds,be in line with:
43、to be similar to, or at the same level as something: The salaries of temporary employees ought to be brought into line with those of permanent staff. stock-in-trade: the typical characteristics or behavior of someone or something: The song was perfect for the soft vocals that are her stock-in-trade.
44、 at times: sometimes: You can be really annoying at times, you know.,If you can do something at will, you can do it any time you want.He told us that we could wander around at will. at ease: relaxed She soon put/set me at ease (= made me relaxed). at odds: to disagree: Her version of events was at o
45、dds with (= very different from) the police report.,13. A quick wit and a warm smile were the salesmans stock _. A. in trade B. in reserve C. in effect D. in business,高频真题总结,9. Whatever the questions he really wanted to ask at the reprocessing plant, though, he would never allow his personal feeling
46、s to _ with an assignment. (07/03) A. interrupt B. bother C. interfere D. intervene 17. I decided to _ between Ralph and his brother, who were arguing endlessly. (11/03) A. interfere B. intervene C. interrupt D. interact,句子的意思是：拉尔夫和他兄弟吵得没完没了，我决定介入来劝阻他们。 A干涉 If something or someone interferes with a
47、situation or a process, it spoils it or prevents its advancement: Even a little noise interferes with my concentration. B干涉，介入 intervene: to become involved intentionally in a difficult situation in order to change it or improve it, or prevent it from getting worse The superpowers began to intervene
48、 in local struggles in Africa. C打断to stop a person from speaking for a short period by something you say or do, or to stop something from happening for a short period She tried to explain what had happened but he kept interrupting her. D互动to communicate with or react to Dominiques teacher says that she interacts well with the other children.,
