1、English Reading and Translation,2,Unit 4,Science and Technology,Warming-up ExercisesDirections: Match inventors in Column A with inventions in Column B on p.96 of the textbook.,1) Tim Berners-Lee (England) 2) Alexander Graham Bell (US, born in Scotland) 3) Wilbur Wright and Orville Wright (US) 4) Th
2、omas Alva Edison (US) 5) Cai Lun (China) 6) Alexander Fleming (England) 7) Leo Baekeland (US, born in Belgium) 8) Chester Floyd Carlson (US) 9) Wilhelm Conrad von Rntgen (Germany) 10) Willis Carrier (US) ,g. the World Wide Web,d. telephone,i. airplane,h. electric light bulb,c. paper,a. penicillin,e.
3、 plastics,j. xerography,b. X-ray,f. air-conditioner,Now Choose two of the inventions and talk about their importance.,Is Google Making Us Stupid?,Reading Focus,Watch a short video and fill in the following paragraph with the information youve got from the video.,Background Information,Six simple let
4、ters on a plain white page thats the face of _ in the world, revered, envied, and sometimes scorned. Googles cofounders Sergey Brin and Larry Page started the company as grad students _. It has made them _. Today they stand atop an empire cast in their own image, _, ambitious, and often _. It is a c
5、ompany like no other, _ on long hours, too much coffee, and something quite elusive genius.,the most powerful technology company,in 1998,astoundingly rich,audacious,controversial,thriving,1. Over the past few years Ive had an uncomfortable sense that someone, or something, has been tinkering with my
6、 brain, remapping the neural circuitry, reprogramming the memory. My mind isnt goingso far as I can tellbut its changing. Im not thinking the way I used to think. I can feel it most strongly when Im reading. Immersing myself in a book or a lengthy article used to be easy. My mind would get caught up
7、 in the narrative or the turns of the argument, and Id spend hours strolling through long stretches of prose. Thats rarely the case anymore. Now my concentration often starts to drift after two or three pages. I get fidgety, lose the thread, begin looking for something else to do. I feel as if Im al
8、ways dragging my wayward brain back to the text. The deep reading that used to come naturally has become a struggle.,2. I think I know whats going on. For more than a decade now, Ive been spending a lot of time online, searching and surfing and sometimes adding to the great databases of the Internet
9、. The Web has been a godsend to me as a writer. Research that once required days in the stacks or periodical rooms of libraries can now be done in minutes. A few Google searches, some quick clicks on hyperlinks, and Ive got the telltale fact or pithy quote I was after. Even when Im not working, Im a
10、s likely as not to be foraging in the Webs info-thickets reading and writing e-mails, scanning headlines and blog posts, watching videos and listening to podcasts, or just tripping from link to link to link. (Unlike footnotes, to which theyre sometimes likened, hyperlinks dont merely point to relate
11、d works; they propel you toward them.),3. For me, as for others, the Net is becoming a universal medium, the conduit for most of the information that flows through my eyes and ears and into my mind. The advantages of having immediate access to such an incredibly rich store of information are many, a
12、nd theyve been widely described and duly applauded. “The perfect recall of silicon memory,” Wireds Clive Thompson has written, “can be an enormous boon to thinking.”,To be continued .,But that boon comes at a price. As the media theorist Marshall McLuhan pointed out in the 1960s, media are not just
13、passive channels of information. They supply the stuff of thought, but they also shape the process of thought. And what the Net seems to be doing is chipping away at my capacity for concentration and contemplation. My mind now expects to take in information the way the Net distributes it: in a swift
14、ly moving stream of particles. Once I was a scuba diver in the sea of words. Now I zip along the surface like a guy on a Jet Ski.,4. Im not the only one. When I mention my troubles with reading to friends and acquaintancesliterary types, most of themmany say theyre having similar experiences. The mo
15、re they use the Web, the more they have to fight to stay focused on long pieces of writing. Some of the bloggers I follow have also begun mentioning the phenomenon. Scott Karp, who writes a blog about online media, recently confessed that he has stopped reading books altogether. “I was a lit major i
16、n college, and used to be a voracious book reader,” he wrote. “What happened?” He speculates on the answer: “What if I do all my reading on the web not so much because the way I read has changed, i.e. Im just seeking convenience, but because the way I THINK has changed?”,5. Bruce Friedman, who blogs
17、 regularly about the use of computers in medicine, also has described how the Internet has altered his mental habits. “I now have almost totally lost the ability to read and absorb a longish article on the web or in print,” he wrote earlier this year. A pathologist who has long been on the faculty o
18、f the University of Michigan Medical School, Friedman elaborated on his comment in a telephone conversation with me. His thinking, he said, has taken on a “staccato” quality, reflecting the way he quickly scans short passages of text from many sources online. “I cant read War and Peace anymore,” he
19、admitted. “Ive lost the ability to do that. Even a blog post of more than three or four paragraphs is too much to absorb. I skim it.”,that someone, , has been tinkering with my brain (Para. 1) tinker: v. To make unskilled or experimental efforts at repair; fiddle; n. the action of tinker e.g. tinker
20、ing with the economy by trying various fiscal policies e.g. I had a tinker at your radio, but I cant mend it. 我把你的收音机修了一下, 但没修好. tinker: n. 小炉匠，补锅匠 not care a tinkers dam/cuss 毫不在意，毫不在乎 e.g. He doesnt care a tinkers dam about your idea.,Immersing myself in a book or a lengthy article used to be easy
21、. My mind would get caught up in the narrative or the turns of the argument, . (Para. 1)immersein: 1) Lit. to submerge someone or something beneath the surface of a liquid; to soak someone or sth. in a liquid. e.g. The preacher immersed the baptism candidate in the water. e.g. She immersed herself i
22、n the bathwater.,More to do,2) Fig. to saturate or steep someone or a group in information or some type of instruction. e.g. The teachers will immerse the entire class in nothing but the Spanish language, day after day. e.g. 沉醉于享乐： immerse in pleasure They were immersed themselves in the conversatio
23、n in the corner.,be/get caught up with: to be get involved in sth., esp. sth. bad e.g. 那时我正同琼斯太大谈得很起劲。 Just then I was caught up in conversation with Mrs. Jones. catch up with: 追上，赶上 e.g. Old age and infirmity had begun to catch up with him. 可别再让恐惧迷了你的心窍。 Now do not let your fear catch up with you.,
24、Here, the author is talking about his past experience. For example, he used to be easily absorbed in a book or a long article. His attention would also be drawn to the narrative, complex arguments and long prose.,I feel as if Im always dragging my wayward brain back to the text. (Para. 1) wayward: a
25、dj. behaving badly, in a way that is difficult to control e.g. a wayward disposition e.g. Many of his early poems were portraits of lonely, wayward, confused, insecure men. 他早期的许多诗写孤独、任性、困惑，缺乏安全感的人。 To paraphrase: It seems that I have to force myself to concentrate on the text, since my brain often
26、drift from it.,The Web has been a godsend to me as a writer. (Para. 2)If you describe something as a godsend, you are emphasizing that it helps you very much. e.g. 1) The hot weather has been a godsend for ice-cream sellers. 2) 正当我们需要人的时候,在那里找到了他,这真是天公作美。 It was a godsend to have him there just when
27、 we needed someone.,A few goggle searches, some quick clicks on hyperlinks,. (Para. 2) hyper: 1)Over; above; beyond: e.g. hypercharge hypertext 2). Excessive; excessively: e.g. hypercritical hypermarket: HTML,超荷性,超文本,吹毛求疵的,大型超级市场,超文本标记语言,(Hyper Text Mark Language),Im as likely as not to be foraging
28、in the Webs info-thickets- . (Para. 2) (as) likely as not: probably, as like as not e.g. She didnt usually work all night, but she was as likely as not to be at the lab at any given time. 汽油价格可能很快就要上涨。 As likely as not, the price of petrol will soon go up.,forage (around) (for sth.) :v. to search fo
29、r something, especially something to eat. 搜寻 e.g. I will go to the kitchen and forage around for some cereal. The rabbits got into the garden to forage for a good meal. And To provide forage for livestock forage: Food for domestic animals; fodder 草料；搜寻,More to do,Im as likely as not to be foraging i
30、n the Webs info-thickets To paraphrase: Probably, I will immerse myself in the sea of information on the Internet and try to find sth.To translate: 我很可能在互联网的信息丛林里搜寻 我很有可能在信息丰富的网络里遨游,Unlike footnotes, to which theyre sometimes likened, hyperlinks dont merely point to related works; they propel you to
31、ward them. (Para. 2) liken to: to say that someone or something is similar to another person or thing 把比作 e.g. That calculating machine can be likened to a human brain. 生命被比作是终点未知的旅程。 Life is likened to a journey with an unknown destination.,The advantages are many, and theyve been widely described
32、and duly applauded. (Para. 3) duly: in the proper or expected way；at the proper time 适当地，恰当地；按时地 e.g. The sun duly rose. The carriage that he had ordered duly arrived. A group of men were charged conspiring against the duly elected government.,And what the Net seems to be doing is chipping away at m
33、y capacity for concentration and contemplation. (Para. 3) chip away at: to gradually make something less effective or destroy it （逐步）削弱；破坏 e.g. These new customs are chipping away at the quality of life. Its aim is to chip away at your feelings of self-worth and independence. Whether Google can chip
34、 away at Microsofts dominance in the market remains unclear.,Once I was a scuba diver in the sea of words. Now I zip along the surface like a guy on a Jet Ski. (Para. 3)zip along: to go somewhere or do something very quickly 飞速地做某事（到某地） e.g. These new trains really zip along. After a slow begin, the
35、 play fairly zip along in the second act.,More to do,Once I was a scuba diver in the sea of words. Now I zip along the surface like a guy on a Jet Ski. (Para. 3)These two sentences imply that I used to have a liking for deep reading whereas I tend to skim and scan for information while reading now.
36、To translate: 曾经我是文字海洋中的潜水者，现在我则如同摩托艇骑手在海面上风驰电掣。,“What happened?” He speculates on the answer: “What if I do all my reading on the web not so much because the way I read has changed, i.e. Im just seeking convenience, but because the way I THINK has changed?” (Para. 4) speculate on/about: to think or
37、 talk about the possible causes or effects of something, without knowing all the facts or details 推测，猜测 e.g. Scientists speculate on the origin of the universe. 请不要猜测我的私生活。 Please do not speculate on my private life. n. speculation; adj. speculative,More to do,“not so much because , but because: 并不是
38、因为，而是因为 e.g. I donated the money not so much because showing-off, but because my conscience.What if I do all my reading on the web not so much because the way I read has changed, i.e. Im just seeking convenience, but because the way I THINK has changed? To translate: 如果对我来说，通过网络来阅读的真正理由与其说是我的阅读方式发生了
39、改变，比如，我只是图个方便，不如说是我的思维方式在发生变化，那么我该怎么办呢？,A pathologist who has long been on the faculty of the University ., Friedman elaborated on his comment in a telephone conversation with me. (Para. 5) faculty: If somebody is on the faculty of a particular college or university, he or she works in it. But 1) Ho
40、w can the faculty improve their teaching so as to encourage creativity? 2) the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences 3) She is over eighty but still has all her faculties. ,all the teachers,department,be able to speak, hear, see, understand, etc,elaborate on: to give more details or new informati
41、on about something 详细说明；阐述 e.g.IBM would not elaborate on the quarterly results until Thursdays detailed report. The ministry statement did not elaborate on the complaints or how the investigation would proceed.,More to do,And e.g. an elaborate research projectelaborate: adj. very complex e.g. She h
42、ad prepared a very elaborate meal. elaborate: adj. carefully planned and organized in great detail,Six simple letters on a plain white page thats the face of _ in the world, revered, envied, and sometimes scorned. Googles cofounders Sergey Brin and Larry Page started the company as grad students _. It has made them _. Today they stand atop an empire cast in their own image, _, ambitious, and often _. It is a company like no other, _ on long hours, too much coffee, and something quite elusive genius.,Thanks for Attending!,Jincao YU,
