1、Thi s paper mainly intr oduces the design of an intel igent temper at ur e contr ol system which real izes t he f unction of temperatur e measur ement and control by using single bus digit al temper at ur e sensor DS18B20 and single chi p microcomputer. The core components of t he system ar e AT89C5
2、1 mi cr ocont roll er and DS18B20 temper at ur e sensor. 上消化道大出血的鉴别诊断 与处理原则 首都医科大学第六临床医学院 伍冀湘 Thi s paper mainly intr oduces the design of an intel igent temper at ur e contr ol system which real izes t he f unction of temperatur e measur ement and control by using single bus digit al temper at ur e
3、 sensor DS18B20 and single chi p microcomputer. The core components of t he system ar e AT89C51 mi cr ocont roll er and DS18B20 temper at ur e sensor. 上消化道与下消化道 解剖学概念：以屈氏韧带为界将食道、胃、十二指肠称为上消化道；小肠、大肠及肛管称为下消化道 外科学概念：以屈氏韧带下 50cm为界将食道、胃、十二指肠及空肠上段称为上消化道；其余小肠、大肠及肛管称为下消化道 Thi s paper mainly intr oduces the d
4、esign of an intel igent temper at ur e contr ol system which real izes t he f unction of temperatur e measur ement and control by using single bus digit al temper at ur e sensor DS18B20 and single chi p microcomputer. The core components of t he system ar e AT89C51 mi cr ocont roll er and DS18B20 te
5、mper at ur e sensor. 上消化道出血 在成人如果一次急性出血量在 800ml以上，占循环血量的 20%，出现休克体征者称为大出血 在成人如果一次出血量小于在 800ml，小于循环血量的 20%，不出现休克体征者称为消化道出血 消化道出血的临床表现：呕血或黑便 Thi s paper mainly intr oduces the design of an intel igent temper at ur e contr ol system which real izes t he f unction of temperatur e measur ement and contro
6、l by using single bus digit al temper at ur e sensor DS18B20 and single chi p microcomputer. The core components of t he system ar e AT89C51 mi cr ocont roll er and DS18B20 temper at ur e sensor. 上消化道大出血的病因 胃十二指肠潰疡 门静脉高压症 出血性胃炎 胃癌 胆道出血 Thi s paper mainly intr oduces the design of an intel igent temp
7、er at ur e contr ol system which real izes t he f unction of temperatur e measur ement and control by using single bus digit al temper at ur e sensor DS18B20 and single chi p microcomputer. The core components of t he system ar e AT89C51 mi cr ocont roll er and DS18B20 temper at ur e sensor. 胃十二指肠潰疡
8、 占 50%，其中 3/4是十二指肠潰疡，多为慢性潰疡，一般位于十二指肠球部后壁或胃小弯 出血的严重程度取决于被腐蚀的血管：静脉出血较为缓慢；动脉出血则呈搏动性喷射 如在潰疡基底看到出血的血管，常预示出血不易自止或易反复发作 Thi s paper mainly intr oduces the design of an intel igent temper at ur e contr ol system which real izes t he f unction of temperatur e measur ement and control by using single bus digi
9、t al temper at ur e sensor DS18B20 and single chi p microcomputer. The core components of t he system ar e AT89C51 mi cr ocont roll er and DS18B20 temper at ur e sensor. 胃潰疡 X线 Thi s paper mainly intr oduces the design of an intel igent temper at ur e contr ol system which real izes t he f unction o
10、f temperatur e measur ement and control by using single bus digit al temper at ur e sensor DS18B20 and single chi p microcomputer. The core components of t he system ar e AT89C51 mi cr ocont roll er and DS18B20 temper at ur e sensor. 门静脉高压症 约占 25%，是危及生命的上消化道大出血最常见的病因 食管、胃底的粘膜因静脉曲张而变薄，易被粗糙食物损伤，也易被反流的
11、胃液所腐蚀；在突然门静脉压力增高时导致曲中静脉破裂，发生难以自止的大出血 出血很突然，多表现为大量呕吐鲜血 Thi s paper mainly intr oduces the design of an intel igent temper at ur e contr ol system which real izes t he f unction of temperatur e measur ement and control by using single bus digit al temper at ur e sensor DS18B20 and single chi p microco
12、mputer. The core components of t he system ar e AT89C51 mi cr ocont roll er and DS18B20 temper at ur e sensor. 门静脉高压症 X线 Thi s paper mainly intr oduces the design of an intel igent temper at ur e contr ol system which real izes t he f unction of temperatur e measur ement and control by using single
13、bus digit al temper at ur e sensor DS18B20 and single chi p microcomputer. The core components of t he system ar e AT89C51 mi cr ocont roll er and DS18B20 temper at ur e sensor. 出血性胃炎 约占 5%，多有酗酒，服用非甾体抗炎药物如消炎痛、阿司匹林等，或肾上腺皮质激素药物史 可发生在休克、脓毒症、烧伤、大手术和中枢神经系统的损伤以后 表现为表浅的、大小不等的、多发的胃粘膜糜烂，可导致大出血 Thi s paper ma
14、inly intr oduces the design of an intel igent temper at ur e contr ol system which real izes t he f unction of temperatur e measur ement and control by using single bus digit al temper at ur e sensor DS18B20 and single chi p microcomputer. The core components of t he system ar e AT89C51 mi cr ocont
15、roll er and DS18B20 temper at ur e sensor. 出血性胃炎内窥镜 Thi s paper mainly intr oduces the design of an intel igent temper at ur e contr ol system which real izes t he f unction of temperatur e measur ement and control by using single bus digit al temper at ur e sensor DS18B20 and single chi p microcomp
16、uter. The core components of t he system ar e AT89C51 mi cr ocont roll er and DS18B20 temper at ur e sensor. 胃癌 约占 2%4%，癌组织缺血坏死，表面发生糜烂或潰疡，侵蚀血管引起大出血 黑便比呕血更常见 Thi s paper mainly intr oduces the design of an intel igent temper at ur e contr ol system which real izes t he f unction of temperatur e measu
17、r ement and control by using single bus digit al temper at ur e sensor DS18B20 and single chi p microcomputer. The core components of t he system ar e AT89C51 mi cr ocont roll er and DS18B20 temper at ur e sensor. 胃癌 X线 Thi s paper mainly intr oduces the design of an intel igent temper at ur e contr
18、 ol system which real izes t he f unction of temperatur e measur ement and control by using single bus digit al temper at ur e sensor DS18B20 and single chi p microcomputer. The core components of t he system ar e AT89C51 mi cr ocont roll er and DS18B20 temper at ur e sensor. 胆道出血 各种原因导致血管与胆道沟通，引起血液
19、涌入胆道，再进入十二指肠，称胆道出血。 最常见的病因是肝外伤，其他有肝血管瘤、肝肿瘤、肝脓肿以及胆管结石、胆道蛔虫症等引起的胆道感染等。 胆道出血三联征是胆绞痛、梗阻性黄疸和消化道出血。 Thi s paper mainly intr oduces the design of an intel igent temper at ur e contr ol system which real izes t he f unction of temperatur e measur ement and control by using single bus digit al temper at ur e
20、 sensor DS18B20 and single chi p microcomputer. The core components of t he system ar e AT89C51 mi cr ocont roll er and DS18B20 temper at ur e sensor. 肝脓肿 CT Thi s paper mainly intr oduces the design of an intel igent temper at ur e contr ol system which real izes t he f unction of temperatur e meas
21、ur ement and control by using single bus digit al temper at ur e sensor DS18B20 and single chi p microcomputer. The core components of t he system ar e AT89C51 mi cr ocont roll er and DS18B20 temper at ur e sensor. 临床分析 =诊断 上消化道出血时的临床表现 病史 体检 化验检查 Thi s paper mainly intr oduces the design of an inte
22、l igent temper at ur e contr ol system which real izes t he f unction of temperatur e measur ement and control by using single bus digit al temper at ur e sensor DS18B20 and single chi p microcomputer. The core components of t he system ar e AT89C51 mi cr ocont roll er and DS18B20 temper at ur e sen
23、sor. 一 .上消化道出血时的表现 决定临床表现的因素： 1.出血的速度和出血量的大小 2.出血的部位 Thi s paper mainly intr oduces the design of an intel igent temper at ur e contr ol system which real izes t he f unction of temperatur e measur ement and control by using single bus digit al temper at ur e sensor DS18B20 and single chi p microcom
24、puter. The core components of t he system ar e AT89C51 mi cr ocont roll er and DS18B20 temper at ur e sensor. 如果出血很急、量很多，则既有呕血，也有便血 由于血液在胃肠内停滞的时间很短，呕的血多为鲜血 由于肠蠕动过速，便出的血也相当鲜红 Thi s paper mainly intr oduces the design of an intel igent temper at ur e contr ol system which real izes t he f unction of t
25、emperatur e measur ement and control by using single bus digit al temper at ur e sensor DS18B20 and single chi p microcomputer. The core components of t he system ar e AT89C51 mi cr ocont roll er and DS18B20 temper at ur e sensor. 如果出血不很急，量也不很多，则常为便血，较少为呕血 由于血液在胃肠内停滞的时间较长，经胃肠液的作用，便出的血多呈柏油样或紫黑色，呕出的血多
26、呈棕褐色 Thi s paper mainly intr oduces the design of an intel igent temper at ur e contr ol system which real izes t he f unction of temperatur e measur ement and control by using single bus digit al temper at ur e sensor DS18B20 and single chi p microcomputer. The core components of t he system ar e A
27、T89C51 mi cr ocont roll er and DS18B20 temper at ur e sensor. 出血部位分区 胃底或食管 胃和十二指肠球部 球部以下的十二指肠和空肠上段 Thi s paper mainly intr oduces the design of an intel igent temper at ur e contr ol system which real izes t he f unction of temperatur e measur ement and control by using single bus digit al temper at
28、 ur e sensor DS18B20 and single chi p microcomputer. The core components of t he system ar e AT89C51 mi cr ocont roll er and DS18B20 temper at ur e sensor. 食管或胃底出血的特点 病情急 ,来势凶猛 ,一次出血量常达5001000ml,可引起休克 临床上主要表现是呕血 ,单纯便血的较少 常在积极采用非手术疗法的同时 ,短期内仍可反复呕血 Thi s paper mainly intr oduces the design of an intel
29、 igent temper at ur e contr ol system which real izes t he f unction of temperatur e measur ement and control by using single bus digit al temper at ur e sensor DS18B20 and single chi p microcomputer. The core components of t he system ar e AT89C51 mi cr ocont roll er and DS18B20 temper at ur e sens
30、or. 胃和十二指肠球部出血的特点 病情较急 ,但一次出血量一般不超过500ml,并发休克的较少 临床上可以呕血为主 ,也可以便血为主 经过积极的非手术疗法多可止血 ,但日后可再出血 Thi s paper mainly intr oduces the design of an intel igent temper at ur e contr ol system which real izes t he f unction of temperatur e measur ement and control by using single bus digit al temper at ur e s
31、ensor DS18B20 and single chi p microcomputer. The core components of t he system ar e AT89C51 mi cr ocont roll er and DS18B20 temper at ur e sensor. 球部以下出血特点 一般量不多 ,一次为 200300ml,很少引起休克 临床上表现以便血为主 采用积极的非手术疗法后 ,出血暂时停止但常呈周期性发作 ,间隔期一般为12周 Thi s paper mainly intr oduces the design of an intel igent tempe
32、r at ur e contr ol system which real izes t he f unction of temperatur e measur ement and control by using single bus digit al temper at ur e sensor DS18B20 and single chi p microcomputer. The core components of t he system ar e AT89C51 mi cr ocont roll er and DS18B20 temper at ur e sensor. 病史询问 诊断明
33、确的有 : （ 1）有典型潰疡病史 ,或过去曾经 X线检查证明有胃十二指肠潰疡的病人 （ 2）有肝炎或血吸虫病史 ,或过去曾经 X线检查证明有食管静脉曲张的病人 （ 3）进行性体重下降和厌食应考虑消化道肿瘤 Thi s paper mainly intr oduces the design of an intel igent temper at ur e contr ol system which real izes t he f unction of temperatur e measur ement and control by using single bus digit al temp
34、er at ur e sensor DS18B20 and single chi p microcomputer. The core components of t he system ar e AT89C51 mi cr ocont roll er and DS18B20 temper at ur e sensor. 病史询问 诊断困难的有 : （ 1） 10%-15%胃十二指肠潰疡出血的病人没有潰疡病史 （ 2）许多肝内胆道出血的病人没有肝内感染的病史 （ 3）有门静脉高压症和上消化道出血的病人，约 1/4的出血原因并非是曲张的静脉，可能是潰疡病或门静脉高压性胃病 Thi s paper
35、mainly intr oduces the design of an intel igent temper at ur e contr ol system which real izes t he f unction of temperatur e measur ement and control by using single bus digit al temper at ur e sensor DS18B20 and single chi p microcomputer. The core components of t he system ar e AT89C51 mi cr ocon
36、t roll er and DS18B20 temper at ur e sensor. 体格检查 如果发现有蜘蛛痣、朱砂掌、腹壁皮下静脉曲张、肝脾肿大、腹水、巩膜黄染等表现，多可诊断为食管、胃底曲张静脉破裂的出血。 如果有类似胆绞痛的剧烈腹痛为前驱，右上腹多有不同程度的压痛，可触及肿大的胆囊，同时伴有寒战、高热，并出现黄疸，多可诊断为肝内胆道出血。 Thi s paper mainly intr oduces the design of an intel igent temper at ur e contr ol system which real izes t he f unction o
37、f temperatur e measur ement and control by using single bus digit al temper at ur e sensor DS18B20 and single chi p microcomputer. The core components of t he system ar e AT89C51 mi cr ocont roll er and DS18B20 temper at ur e sensor. 化验检查 血象 肝功能试验 凝血功能 血生化 血氨测定 溴磺酞钠试验 Thi s paper mainly intr oduces
38、the design of an intel igent temper at ur e contr ol system which real izes t he f unction of temperatur e measur ement and control by using single bus digit al temper at ur e sensor DS18B20 and single chi p microcomputer. The core components of t he system ar e AT89C51 mi cr ocont roll er and DS18B
39、20 temper at ur e sensor. 化验意义 项目 胃十二指肠潰疡 门静脉高压症 肝功能试验 正常 明显异常 血氨测定 正常 升高 溴磺酞钠试验 无潴留 明显潴留 Thi s paper mainly intr oduces the design of an intel igent temper at ur e contr ol system which real izes t he f unction of temperatur e measur ement and control by using single bus digit al temper at ur e sen
40、sor DS18B20 and single chi p microcomputer. The core components of t he system ar e AT89C51 mi cr ocont roll er and DS18B20 temper at ur e sensor. 氮质血症 上消化道出血量 肾功能损害严重程度 Thi s paper mainly intr oduces the design of an intel igent temper at ur e contr ol system which real izes t he f unction of tempe
41、ratur e measur ement and control by using single bus digit al temper at ur e sensor DS18B20 and single chi p microcomputer. The core components of t he system ar e AT89C51 mi cr ocont roll er and DS18B20 temper at ur e sensor. 少见原因： 食管裂孔疝 胃息肉 胃壁动脉瘤 贲门粘膜撕裂综合症 Thi s paper mainly intr oduces the design
42、 of an intel igent temper at ur e contr ol system which real izes t he f unction of temperatur e measur ement and control by using single bus digit al temper at ur e sensor DS18B20 and single chi p microcomputer. The core components of t he system ar e AT89C51 mi cr ocont roll er and DS18B20 temper at ur e sensor. 临床上少见情况： 临床上没有症状的潰疡大多是十二指肠潰疡 门静脉高压症，食管静脉曲张不明显，也没有肝硬变的明显体征 出血性胃炎 无症状的早期胃癌，大多由小弯潰疡转变而来
