1、1,四级写作Writing in CET4,英语四级培训系列,本次讲座共分四个模块：战术篇：四级作文的得分技巧 战略篇：命题规律总结及模板 实战篇：结合模板进行真题演练 总结篇：四级作文备考建议,战术篇,四级作文技巧总结,卷面整洁 书写清楚 构思简单 少犯错误 中心突出 层次分明 借助经典 名句俗谚 重在变化 避免重复,大学英语四级写作评分标准,14（99）分 文章切题。文字通顺，条理清楚，无重大语言错误，仅有个别小错。 11（78）分 文章切题。文字通顺，条理清楚，但有少量语言错误。,8（56）分 基本切题。有些地方表达不清，文字勉强连贯，语言错误相当多，有些是严重错误 5（35）分 基本切
2、题。思想表达不清，连贯性差，有较多的语言严重错误。 2（14）分 条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎，大部分有错误，且多数为严重错误。,卷面整洁，书写清楚,1、打好腹稿再动笔，减少涂改。 2、书写漂亮的当然更好，达不到的最起码也要工整。 3、使用黑色水笔作答，白纸黑字，这样能够有效提高整洁度。,构思简单 少犯错误,根据阅卷经验，四级作文的主要错误集中在思路、时态、单复数、结构等五个方面。,英语四级错误十错十察,1句子成分残缺 We always working till late at night before taking exams.（误） We are always working til
3、l late at night before taking exams（正）,2句子成分多余,This test is end, but there is another test is waiting for us. （误）One test ends, but another is waiting for you. （正）,3主谓不一致,Someone/Somebody think that reading should be selective. （误）Someone/Somebody thinks that reading should be selective. （正）,4动词时态误用
4、,I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the street. （误）I was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street. （正）,5动词语态误用,The driver of the red car was died in the accident. （误）The driver of the red car died in the accident. （正）,6词类混淆,It is my point
5、that reading must be selectively. （误）In my opinion, reading must be selective. （正）,Honest is so important for every person. （误）Honesty is so important for everyone. （正）,7名词可数与不可数的误用,In modern society, people are under various pressures（误）In modern society, people are under various kinds of pressure.
6、 （正）,8动词及物与不及物的误用,Because of his excellent performance, the boss rose his salary. （误）Because of his excellent performance, the boss raised his salary. （正）,9.动宾搭配不当,We must make solutions to the problem. （误）We must find a solution to the problem. （正）,10.根据中文逐字硬译,Let us touch the outside world of camp
7、us.Lets keep in touch with the world outside of the campus.,Dont forget to keep a good body health.（误）Dont forget to keep fit/healthy.（正）,中心突出 层次分明,为了做到文章中心突出、层次分明，富有逻辑性，建议大家采用“中心句+支撑句”的模式：1、每段第一句是topic sentence，改编自该段相对应的提纲。2、后面的支撑句是各个分支观点 ，即supporting sentences。,2006年6月作文,Traveling Abroad 1. 近十年来某城
8、市越来越多人选择出去旅游 2. 出现这种现象的原因 3. 这种现象可能产生的影响,Traveling Abroad,As can be clearly seen from the given chart, there was a sharp rise in the number of people traveling abroad in X City in the past decade. (1)According to the chart, in 1995 the number of people traveling abroad was only about 10,000, which i
9、ncreased to nearly 40,000 in 2000. (2)By 2005, the number had reached over 120,000, which was more than ten times as many as that ten years ago.,In my opinion, there are at least three reasons for the above-mentioned increase. (1)First of all, the increase is closely related to the implementation of
10、 Chinas opening-up policy, which has created more chances for people to go abroad. (2)Whats more, it is due to the increase of peoples income rise in X City. People are better off and can afford a trip abroad. (3)Last but not the least, the increase has a lot to do with the development of the travel
11、 industry. More and more travel agencies are attracting more people to join in their tours abroad.,According to what we have talked above, we can arrive at the conclusion naturally that traveling abroad will further promote the exchanges in economy and culture between X City and other cities in the
12、world, meanwhile bring more opportunities for the development of X City and other cities in China.,英语文章结构三大特点：,1、 观点鲜明的开头； 2、 紧扣主题的结尾； 3、 有主题句且衔接自然的中间段落。,起：nowadays, at present, first of all, firstly； 承：secondly, besides, moreover, furthermore, obviously, in addition, in other words;,“起承转合”所需衔接词集锦：,
13、转：however, on the other hand, but, instead, conversely; 合：therefore, so, as a result, in short, in brief, in a word, in conclusion.,1、列举 First of all, ;Whats more, ;Last but not the least, 2、举例说明 Lets take as an excellent example.,其他衔接词集锦：,3、强调 It is obvious/ apparent/ conceivable that As a matter o
14、f fact,. There is no doubt that,. 4、并列 In (the) other words,5、对照 Contrast with. On the contrary (by contrast) On one hand,; On the other hand,. 6、比较 Comparatively,. Compared with,7、原因 Due to/Owing to/Thanks to As a result of 8、结果 Because of this , As a result of that, Consequently,9、增加（补充） Moreover,
15、 Furthermore (what is more),For an addition,. 10、结尾（总结） According to what we have talked above, we can arrive at the conclusion reasonably /naturally that.,借助经典 谚语名句,为增强使用效果，建议诸位：1、在平时的写作练习中多注意总结积累，每个话题都要背上几句。2、尽量用在文章的开头结尾，以及每段的开头，这样才能引人注目。,1、Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V e.g. Nothing is mor
16、e important than to receive education. 没有比接受教育更重要的事。,2、cannot emphasize the importance of too much. （再强调.的重要性也不为过。） e.g. We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 我们再强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过,3、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子（全世界都知道.）e.g. It is universally acknowledged that t
17、rees are indispensable to us. 众所周知，我们离不开树木。,4、There is no doubt that + 句子 （毫无疑问，.） e.g. There is no doubt that solar energy is cleaner. 毫无疑问,太阳能更加清洁。,5、 That is the exact reason why （那就是.的真正原因） e.g. Summer is very hot , and that is the reason why I dont like it. 夏天很热。那就是我不喜欢它的真正原因。,6、So + 形容词 + be +
18、 主词 + that + 句子 （如此.以致于.） e.g. So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it. 时间如此珍贵，经不起浪费。,7、Adj + as be, 主语 + V （虽然.）e.g. Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. 虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。,8、It is the very time for sb. to do （该是.的时候了）e.g. It is the ve
19、ry time for the authorities to take proper steps to solve the traffic problems.,9、There is no one but（没有人不.） e.g. There is no one but longs to get a job with high salary. 没有人不渴望得到一份高薪的工作,10、 It is obvious/ apparent/ conceivable that + 句子 （明显的） e.g. It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important
20、 role in our life. 显而易见，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。,11、 be based on（以.为基础） e.g. The progress of the society is based on harmony. 社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。,12、be closely related to . （与.息息相关） e.g. Taking exercise is closely related to health. 做运动与健康息息相关。,13、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N./V-ing, （因为.） e.g. Thanks to his
21、 encouragement, I finally realized my dream.,14、have/has a great influence on （对.有很大的影响） e.g. Smoking has a great influence on our health. 抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。,黄金词组,1随着经济的快速发展/人民生活水平的显著提高With the rapid development of economy/the remarkable improvement of peoples living standard. 2面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with
22、new opportunities and challenges,3人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that4社会/科技发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social/technological development,5引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention 6 产生深远影响：have/has a profound influence on; have/has dramatic/ undesirable effect on,7
23、持有完全不同的观点 hold a totally different argument8对必不可少 be indispensable to ,9发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in 10正如谚语所说 As a famous western proverb/saying goes that,重在变化 避免重复,1、词汇：同一文章中相同意思的词要争取不断用近义词替换，以显示文章用词的灵活性。 2、句子：不一定要用长难从句，只要避免相邻句子句式单调即可。,经典替换词组,Good: positive, favorable, great, r
24、osy, fair, awesome, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior, etc.,战略篇,知己知彼，百战百胜。对历年四级作文的出题类型及命题规律的明确的把握是决胜四级作文的关键。,近年四级考试作文题目,02.6 Students use of computer 03.1 It pays to be honest 03.6 An eye-witness accident 03.9 The day my classmate fell ill 04.1 A letter in reply to a
25、friend,04.6 A brief introduction to a Tourist Attraction 05.1 A campaign speech 2005.6 Honor for my teacher 05.12 Should university campus be open to tourists?,06.6 A poster recruiting volunteers 06.6 On students selecting lectures 06.12 On the spring festival gala 07.6 Welcome to our club 07.12 Wha
26、t Electives To Choose,08. 6 Recreational Activities 08.12 Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags 09. 6 Free Admission to Museums 09.12. Creating a Green Campus,10.6 Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling 10.12 How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? 11.6 Online Shopping 11.12 Not
27、hing Succeeds without a Strong Will 12.6 On Excessive Packaging 12.12 Education Pays,I常考题材：立足校园，面向社会,通过分析近年四级作文，可以看出，其题材选取有两大原则： 1.立足校园； 2.面向社会。,原则1、立足校园,1、关于大学生对学习、校园生活及将来工作、人生等方面的看法和态度： e.g.: On Students Selecting Lectures(06.6) Welcome to Our Club （07.6） A campaign speech （05.1）What Electives To
28、Choose （07.12Creating a Green Campus （09.12,原则2、面向社会,2、与日常生活紧密相关，且贴近社会变化、发展和进步的热点话题. e.g.: On the Spring Festival Gala (06.12) Limiting The Use of Disposable Plastic Bags（ 08.12） Free admission to museums（09. 6,考察热点,一、毕业的问题 1.出国 Studying Abroad or Home (1) 现在有越来越多的人出国留学 (2) 出国留学与在国内学习的对比 (3) 你的观点。,2
29、.考研 The Intensified Postgraduate Entrance Examination (1). 请简略叙述图表；(图表略) (2). 说明造成这种现象的原因和可能的结果； (3). 你的观点。,考察热点,3.工作 Certificate and ability, which is more important? 1）有人认为找工作时证书越多越好 2）也有人认为找工作时能力最重要 3）我的看法,考察热点,II.常考体裁,四级作文常考察的体裁主要有三类： 说明文： Traveling Abroad(06.6) 议论文：Should One Expect a Reward Wh
30、en Doing a Good Deed? （07.6） 应用文： A Letter to Declining a Job Offer（05.12）,III.四级作文命题类型,(1). 观点类作文a.观点选择类作文b.观点论证类作文 (2). 现象类作文a.现象阐释类b.问题解决类,(3). 图表类作文a.影响分析类b.问题解决类 (4). 应用类作文a.书信b.演讲,a.观点选择型作文,此类作文直接要求考生比较两种对立的观点或做法，进而表明自己对问题或事务的态度或观点，做出选择。,,73,III.四级作文命题类型,观点选择型关键句式,There is a general discussion
31、 nowadays on the problem of .Some argue/ hold that, but others set forth a totally different argument about the issue. 如今，XX问题引起了广泛的讨论，有些人认为，但其他人则对此持有完全相反的观点。,In reaction to the phenomenon/ in answer to the problem / in response to the on-going social change , some people believe In their minds,Howe
32、ver, others maintain .In their eyes,对于这种现象/解决该问题/社会变化，一些人认为然而，其他人则认为在他们看来,Personally, I side with the former/ latter opinions. 就我个人而言，我支持前（后）一种观点。 I am of the opinion that priority should be given to我首先赞成,In conclusion, it is clear that 因此，很显然What conclusion can be drawn from all the above said, it
33、is 综上所述，我们可以得出这样的结论,观点选择类作文模板,There is no consensus among people as to the view of (_).The opinions vary from person to person. Some people hold the idea that (_).A case in point is that (_).,,78,However, other may have a quite different view. According to them, (_). The most typical example is that
34、 (_).,,79,Weighing the pros and cons of these arguments, I am inclined to agree with (_). Admittedly, the former point of view seems reasonable in saying to some extend, but (_) is more convincing. words:87,,80,2006年12月23日英语四级考试作文点评及范文 1.许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会 2.但有些人提出取消春节晚会. 3.我的看法.,There is no consensus
35、among people as to the view of (watching Spring Festival Gala). The opinions vary from person to person. Some people hold the idea that (watching Spring Festival Gala is a pleasure ).A case in point is that (my parents enjoy it very much and they are always watching noting but Spring Festival Gala e
36、very year).,On the other hand, other may have a quite different view. According to them, (Spring Festival Gala is very boring). The most typical example is that (youngsters prefer everything but not watching Spring Festival Gala).,Weighing the pros and cons of these arguments, I am inclined to agree
37、 with the latter. Admittedly, the former point of view seems reasonable in saying to some extend, but (the latter one) is more convincing.,b.观点论证型作文,此类作文往往要求考生根据题目给出论点，按照提纲的结构要求对其下论证，然后表明自己的立场和看法。通过摆事实、讲道理的方式剖析事物，论述事理，发表意见，确立或否认某一主张。,观点论证型常用句式,When asked about (_),some people hold the idea that (_).
38、As far as they concerned with/about , (_). 当问及时，一些人持有这样的观点；在他们看来，,But I could not agree with them in several points. In my opinion, (_). 然而，我却不赞同他们的看法。在我看来，,The reason for my choice are listed as follows. 我之所以做出这样选择，原因如下： First of all, (_).What is more, (_).Last but not the least,(_). 首先，；其次，；最后，,Fo
39、r the reasons mentioned above, I firmly believe that (_). 基于以上原因，我坚持认为，,However, in my point of view, its benefits outweigh the drawbacks. The reason for my choice are listed as follows.,First of all, (_).What is more, (_).Last but not the least,(_). For the reasons mentioned above, I firmly believe
40、 that (_).Words:81,此类作文主要要求考生对某一社会现象进行解释并加以评论，其基本结构是：首先说明现状；其次阐述这种现状产生或存在的原因；最后做出分析，指出其影响，提出解决建议或总结观点。,（二） 现象类作文,a.现象阐释类作文关键句式,Recently, the phenomenon ofhas become the focus of the public concern. 近年来，现象引起公众极大地关注。,It is no easy/simple task to offer the reason for this phenomenon which involves more
41、 than one complicated factor. 要解释该现象的原因并不容易，因为其中涉及到很多复杂的因素。,Among all the important/ convincing reasons for,one should be emphasized 在所有重要、有力的原因中，我们应当重点关注,The significant effects of this phenomenon are undeniable, which can be concluded as the following aspects. 这一现象的重大影响是不可忽略的，可大致归结为以下几个方面：,On one
42、hand, ; On the other hand, 一方面，；另一方面，,现象阐释类作文框架,Recently, the phenomenon ofhas become the focus of the public concern. What are the reasons for the phenomenon? On my standpoint, there are several as follows.,First of all, (_).What is more, (_).Last but not the least,(_). The significant effects of t
43、his phenomenon are undeniable, which can be concluded as the following aspects. On one hand, ; On the other hand,61 words,b.问题解决类作文关键句式,In recent years, with the development of the economy/society/peoples living standard, we are facing a serious phenomenon that 目前，随着经济/社会的发展/人民生活水平的提高，我们正面临着一个严峻的社会现
44、象，。,In order to solve this problem, it is essential for us to discuss the causes of it. 为了解决这一问题，我们有必要首先分析其原因。,What has caused this problem? It seems to me that there are several reasons as follows. 在我看来主要有如下几条原因：,First of all, (_).What is more, (_).Last but not the least,(_). 首先，；其次，；最后，,In view of
45、 the seriousness of the phenomenon, effective measures should be taken as follows. 考虑到这一现象的严重性，有关部门必须采取如下有效措施。,On one hand, it is high time that people all over China realized the seriousness of the phenomenon; on the other hand, the government should issue laws and regulations to put the situation
46、under control.,b.问题解决型作文框架,In recent years, with the development of the economy/society/peoples living standard, we are facing a serious phenomenon that,What has caused this problem? It seems to me that there are several reasons as follows. First of all, (_).What is more, (_).Last but not the least,
47、(_).,In view of the seriousness of the phenomenon, effective measures should be taken. On one hand, it is high time that people all over China realized the seriousness of the phenomenon; On the other hand, the government should issue laws and regulations to put the situation under control. Only in t
48、hese ways can we successfully solve the problem. words:101,Limiting The Use of Disposable Plastic Bags 1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用 2.造成的问题 3.限制使用的意义,2008年12月四级作文题,With the development of the society, we have to face a phenomenon that (more and more people use disposable plastic bags). What are the reasons for it? To start with, (it is very convenient to use disposable plastic bags in shopping). Moreover, (it is very cheap to use disposable plastic bags). Furthermore, (common people have little awareness to the disadvantage of the using disposable plastic bags).,
