1、CHAPTER 28,CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM,CNS,NORMALPATHOLOGY,NORMAL,NEURONS (1%) GLIA (99%) ASTROCYTES OLIGODENDROCYTES EPENDYMAL CELLS MICROGLIA,PATHOLOGY,Cellular Pathology Edema, CSF Pressure, Hydrocephalus Malformations Perinatal Trauma Vascular Infections,Prion Diseases Demyelinating Diseases Degenera
2、tive Genetic Metabolic Acquired Metabolic Tumors,CELLULAR PATHOLOGY,REACTIONS OF NEURONSREACTIONS OF ASTROCYTES,EDEMA/PRESSURE/CSF,CEREBRAL EDEMA RAISED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE AND HERNIATION HYDROCEPHALUS,CEREBRAL EDEMA, CSF PRESSURE ,HYDROCEPHALUS,MALFORMATIONS,NEURAL TUBE FOREBRAIN POSTERIOR FOSSA
3、SYRINGOMYELIA/HYDROMYELIA,NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS,FOREBRAIN ANOMALIES,POSTERIOR FOSSA ANOMALIES,SYRINGOMYELIA/ HYDROMYELIA,PERINATAL BRAIN INJURY,TRAUMA,SKULL FRACTURES PARENCHYMAL INJURIES TRAUMATIC VASCULAR INJURIES SEQUELAE SPINAL CORD,SKULL FRACTURES,PARENCHYMAL,CONCUSSION DIRECT PARENCHYMAL INJURY
4、DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY,TRAUMATIC VASCULAR INJURY,EPIDURAL HEMATOMASUBDURAL HEMATOMA,EPIDURAL HEMATOMA,SUBDURAL HEMATOMA,SEQUELAE OF BRAIN TRAUMA,SPINAL CORD TRAUMA,CEREBROVASCULAR,HYPOTENSION, HYPOPERFUSION, LOW FLOW, INFARCTION INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE HYPERTENSIVE DISEASE,HYPOXIA, ISCHEMIA, INFARCTI
5、ON,LOW FLOW STATES (ISCHEMIA) INFARCTION,INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE,INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE ANEURYSMS VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS,INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE,SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE,ANEURYSMS,VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS,HYPERTENSIVE CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE,LACUNAR INFARCTS SLIT HEMORRHAGES
6、HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY,“LACUNAR” INFARCTS,“SLIT” HEMORRHAGES,HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY,INFECTIONS,ACUTE MENINGITIS ACUTE SUPPURATIVE INFECTIONS, FOCAL CHRONIC BACTERIAL MENINGOENCEPHALITIS VIRAL MENINGOENCEPHALITIS FUNGAL MENINGOENCEPHALITIS OTHER INFECTIONS,ACUTE MENINGITIS,BACTERIAL VIRAL,A
7、CUTE FOCAL SUPPURATIVE INFECTIONS,BRAIN ABSCESS SUBDURAL EMPYEMA EXTRADURAL ABSCESS,BRAIN ABSCESS,SUBDURAL EMPYEMA,EXTRADURAL ABSCESS,CHRONIC BACTERIAL MENINGOENCEPHALITIS,TUBERCULOSIS NEUROSYPHILIS NEUROBORRELIOSIS (LYME DISEASE),TUBERCULOSIS,NEUROSYPHILIS,LYME DISEASE,VIRAL MENINGOENCEPHALITIS,ART
8、HROPOD-BORNE HSV-1, HSV-2 V-Z (HERPES ZOSTER) CMV (CYTO-MEGALO VIRUS) POLIOMYELITIS RABIES,HIV PML (PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY) SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS,ARTHROPOD-BORNE,HSV HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS,HSV-1 HSV-2,V-Z (HERPES ZOSTER),CMV (CYTO-MEGALO VIRUS),POLIOMYELITIS,RABIES,HI
9、V,MENINGOENCEPHALITIS (SUBACUTE ENCEPHALITIS) VACUOLAR MYELOPATHY MYOPATHY/NEUROPATHY PEDIATRIC,PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY (PML),SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS,FUNGAL MENINGOENCEPHALITIS,OTHER INFECTIONS,“SPONGIFORM” ENCEPHALOPATHIES (PRIONS),PATHOGENESIS (MAD COW) CJD (Creutzfe
10、ldt-Jakob Disease) Variant CJD Gerstmann-Strussler-Scheinker Syndrome Fatal Familial Insomnia,DEMYELINATING DISEASES,MS (MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS) MS VARIANTS ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS ACUTE NECROTIZING HEMORRHAGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS OTHER DEMYELINATING DISEASES,M.S.,MS VARIANTS,ACUTE DISSEMINAT
11、ED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS,OTHER DEMYELINATING DISEASES,DEGENERATIVE DISEASES,CORTEX BASAL GANGLIA/BRAINSTEM SPINOCEREBELLAR MOTOR NEURONS,CORTEX DEGENERATIONS,ALZHEIMER FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIAS CHROMOSOME-17 LINKED PICK DISEASE PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY CORTICOBASAL DEGENERATION WITHOUT TAU PATHOLOG
12、Y VASCULAR DEMENTIA,ALZHEIMER DISEASE,MORPHOLOGY PATHOGENESIS MOLECULAR GENETICS CLINICAL FEATURES,FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIAS,CHROMOSOME-17 PICK DISEASE PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY CORTICOBASAL DEGENERATION WITHOUT TAU PATHOLOGY,VASCULAR DEMENTIAS,BASAL GANGLIA/BRAINSTEM DEGENERATIONS,PARKINSONISM
13、PARKINSON DISEASE MULTIPLE SYSTEM ATROPHY HUNTINGTON DISEASE,PARKINSONISM IN GENERAL,PARKINSON DISEASE,MULTIPLE SYSTEM ATROPHY,HUNTINGTON DISEASE,SPINOCEREBELLAR DEGENERATIONS (ATAXIAS),SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA FRIEDREICH ATAXIA ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA,SPINOCEREBELLAR,FRIEDREICH ATAXIA,ATAXIA-TELANGIECT
14、ASIA,MOTOR NEURON DEGENERATIONS,AML (AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS, aka, LOU GEHRIG DISEASE) BULBOSPINAL ATROPHY (KENNEDY SYNDROME) SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY,AML LOU GEHRIG DISEASE,BULBOSPINAL ATROPHY (KENNEDY SYNDROME),SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY,GENETIC METABOLIC DISEASES,LEUKODYSTROPHIES MITOCHONDRIAL
15、ENCEPHALOMYOPATHIES,LEUKODYSTROPHIES,KRABBE METACHROMATIC ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY PELIZAEUS-MERZBACHER CANAVAN,MITOCHONDRIAL ENCEPHALOMYOPATHIES,LEIGH SYNDROME (SUBACUTE NECROTIZING ENCEPHALOPATHY) OTHERS,ACQUIRED METABOLIC DISEASES,VITAMIN DEFICIENCIES METABOLIC DISTURBANCES TOXIC DISORDERS,VITAMIN DE
16、FICIENCIES,B1 (THIAMINE) B12,METABOLIC DISTURBANCES (OTHER DISEASES),HYPOGLYCEMIA HYPERGLYCEMIA HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY,TOXIC DISORDERS,CARBON MONOXIDE METHANOL ETHANOL RADIATION METHOTREXATE/RADIATION,CARBON MONOXIDE,METHANOL,ETHANOL,RADIATION,METHOTREXATE/RADIATION,TUMORS,GLIOMAS NEURONAL POORLY DI
17、FFERENTIATED OTHERS MENINGIOMAS,METASTATIC TUMORS PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMORS FAMILIAL TUMOR SYNDROMES,GLIOMAS,ASTROCYTOMA OLIGODENDROGLIOMA EPENDYMOMA,ASTROCYTOMAS,FIBRILLARY (DIFFUSE) GLIOBLASTOMA PILOCYTIC PLEOMORPHIC XANTHOASTROCYTOMA BRAINSTEM GLIOMA,OLIGODENDROGLIOM
18、A,EPENDYMOMA (PARAVENTRICULAR),NEURONAL,GANGLION CELL TUMORS OTHER GLIAL/NEURONAL PURE NEURONAL,POORLY DIFFERENTIATED,MEDULLOBLASTOMA ATYPICAL TERATOID/RHABDOID TUMOR (AT/RT),MEDULLOBLASTOMA,ATYPICAL TERATOID/RHABDOID TUMOR (AT/RT),OTHER PARENCHYMAL,PRIMARY CNS LYMPHOMA GERM CELL TUMORS PINEAL TUMOR
19、S,MENGIOMAS,MORPHOLOGY GENETICS CLINICAL FEATURES,METASTASES,PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES,PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMORS,SCHWANNOMA NEUROFIBROMA CUTANEOUS NEUROFIBROMA PLEXIFORM NEUROFIBROMA MALIGNANT SCHWANNOMA (MPNST), aka MALIGNANT PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMOR,SCHWANNOMA/ MALIGNANT SCHWANNOMA,NEUROFIBROMA,NERVE SHEATH SKIN PLEXIFORM,FAMILIAL BRAIN TUMOR SYNDROMES,NEUROFIBROMATOSIS, TYPE-1 (NF1) NEUROFIBROMATOSIS, TYPE-2 (NF2) TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS VON HIPPEL-LINDAU DISEASE,
