1、Revise the Infinitive,Grammar,不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和补语，但不能单独作谓语。,不定式,动词不定式的作用 Functions of Infinitive,1 主语 (subject)2 表语 (predicative)3 宾语 (object)4 宾补 (object complement)5 定语 (attribute)6 状语 (adverbial) 7. 独立结构 (absolute construction),1 不定式作主语 (subject),To kee
2、p smiling is healthy for you. Its important to look up the new words in the dictionary when you study English.,单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式后置。,My job to protect the world. Your task is to _ .,is,2 不定式作表语 (predicative),Seeing is to believe.To see is believing.Seeing is believing. To see i
3、s to believe.,不定式常用在系动词 be, seem, appear, get, remain等后作表语。,All you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly.,如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的do, 用作表语的不定式可省略to。,1.Yao Ming likes to play basketball. 2.I dont know what to do3.I find it still necessary (for him) to sleep well,3 不定式作宾语 (object),句型：think/ consider/ fin
4、d it + adj.+ to do,常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有： agree, afford, appear, ask, attempt, care, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, expect, fail, get, hate, hesitate, hope, hurry, intend, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, threaten, want, wish。,4 不定式作宾补 (ob
5、ject complement),My mum asks me to play the piano two hours every day.,The teacher told me to clean the blackboard. I expect you to give me some help.,引导不定式作宾补的动词：,warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等,+sb to do sth,listen to,hear,watch,五看,see,look at,observe,notice,三使,let,make,have,二听,一感觉:,feel,+ sb
6、 do sth （不带to）,不定式做宾补时不带to的情况,1 不定式在感官动词(feel, hear, listen to, watch, look at, notice, observe)后；,2 使役动词 ( let, have, make)后边作 宾补时, 省去to, 但是在被动语态中 要还原to；,3 不定式用在介词but, except, besides 后时, 如果这些介词前有行为动词do的 各种形式, 那么介词后的不定式不带to, 相反则带to。,1. She could do nothing but cry. 2. I have no choice but to go. 3.
7、What do you like to do besides sleep.,5 不定式作定语 (attribute),Kate is looking for a suitable coat to wear. Tom has a nice pen to write with.,1. 不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后(a) She was very busy and had no timeto visit her friends.(b) Ladies and gentlemen, I havesomething important to tell you.,不定式作定语,不定式作定语与所
8、修饰的词之间有 三种关系：,I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。 He is always the first to come. 他总是第一个来。 We all have a chance to go to college. 我们都有上大学的机会。,(1) 动宾关系,(2)主谓关系,(3)同位关系,2. 当名词被the first ,the last, theonly 等词以及形容词最高级修饰时eg: She is always the first tocome and the last to leave.,3. something, anything,
9、nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。,I got up early to _. You came here to_.,in order to, so as to, enough to, only to, too.to,catch the train,6 不定式作状语 (adverbial),在一些短语中也有体现,eg: He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.,1. 表示目的: to in order to so as to,6 不定式作状语 (adverbial),2. 表示原因:不定式可以用在作表语
10、的形容词后作状语, sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, 等。,eg: Im glad/pleased to see you.We were surprised to hear the news.,so + adj. / adv. + as to do such + adj. + n. +as to do adj. / adv.+ enough + to do too + adv. / adj. +to do,He was so foolish as to believe it. = He was such a fool a
11、s to believe it. = He was foolish enough to believe it.,3. 结果状语:,To tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment.,to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truth,7 独立结构 (absolute construction),1. It is good to help others. 2. It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood h
12、ave access to all public buildings. 3. My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up.,Identify its function.,(subject),(subject),(predicative),4. I dont have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. 5. I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake. 6. A big company has d
13、ecided to buy it from me. 7. My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am.,(attribute),(attribute),(object),(object),8. I have had to work hard to live a normal life. 9. Some days I am too tired to get out of bed. 10. We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabl
14、ed people.,(adverbial),(adverbial),(object complement),动词不定式的时态和语态,to do,to have done,to be doing,to have been doing,to be done,to have been done,(1) They pretended not to see us.,(2) He pretended to be sleeping.,(3) She pretended to have known it before.,(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后。),(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动
15、作也正在进行。),(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。),(4) Were happy to have been working with you.,(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前, 不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也 继续。),不定式的时态,不定式的一般式 to doI am glad to see you.He has decided to give her some money.表示的动作通常与谓语所表示的动作或状态同时或者几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。,不定式的进行式to be doing,I am very glad to be working with you. He pre
16、tended to be working hard when his boss passed him. 表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动 作同时发生。,不定式的完成式 to have done,He happened to have seen the film before. The novel is believed to have beentranslated into Chinese. 不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作 或状态之前。,He wanted to have met you at the airport, but he didnt get there in time. 表示过去
17、没有实现的期待或者计划 hoped, promised, wanted, wished, expected, planned,不定式的完成式 to have done,He would like to have played the violin at the concert. 不定式的完成式在would like后边表示 未能实现的愿望。,不定式的语态,主动语态 to do 被动语态 to be done It is an honor for me to be invited to attend the meeting. Everyone likes the hero to be prais
18、ed.,练习,1. Last summer I took a course on_.A. how to make dressesB. how dresses be madeC. how to be made dressesD. how dresses to be made,2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.A. expected B. to expectC. to be expecting D. expects 3. There are five pairs_, but I am ata los
19、s which to buy.A to be chosen B to choose fromC to choose D for choosing,4. I find these problems are easy_.A. to be worked out B. to work them outC. to work out D. to be worked them out 5. _late in the morning, Bob turnedoff the alarm.A. To sleep B. SleepingC. Sleep D . Having slept,6. I would love
20、 _to the party lastnight but I had to work extra hoursto finish a report.A. to go B. having goneC. going D. to have gone 7. John was made _the truck fora week as a punishment.A. to wash B. washingC. wash D. to be washing,8. Tom kept quiet about the accident lose his job.A. so not as to B. so as not
21、toC. so as to not D. not so as to 9. The patient was warned _oilyfood after the operation.A. to eat not B. eating notC. not to eat D. not eating,1 爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。 _ are both great happiness. 2 据说他已经完成了他的工作。 He is said _ _. 3 根据报道他们已安全到达。 They are reported _.,To love and to be loved,to have finished/com
22、pleted,his work,翻译下面的句子,to have arrived safely,4 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。 I want this bike _ _. 5 玛利仿佛已经被告知此事了。 Mary seemed _. 6 众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。 He is known _ a gold medal at the Olympics.,to be repaired at once,to have been told about it,to have been given,/immediately,I want to tell you something.,Make
23、up a short passage using the infinitive as much as possible. The beginning of the passage is given below.,For example,Hi, I want to tell you something. I will go to Ruian for shopping this afternoon. Do you want to go with me? First, Id like to go to Kaitai Store. But to be frank, most of time I am
24、there only to do some window shopping, because everything is expensive. Then, I plan to go to HongQiao,Road to buy some clothes. I like to try the new fashion style of this season. By the way, do you know anything to entertain us? If so, I cant wait to have a try! Why not come and join me?,Homework: Revise the infinitive. Finish the exercises on P.P. 4-5.,Thank you!,
