1、大学英语四级考试中的翻译Translation In CET-4,By Zhang Wei,目录,1. 2010英语四级考试流程,大学英语四级考试流程 8：50-9：00试音时间 9：00-9：10播放考场指令，发放作文考卷 9：10取下耳机，开始作文考试 9：35发放含有快速阅读的试题册(9：40才允许开始做) 9：40-9：55做快速阅读 9：55-10：00收答题卡一(即作文和快速阅读) 9：55-10：00重新戴上耳机，试音寻台，准备听力考试 10：00-10:35听力考试，电台放音 10:35-11:20仔细阅读，完形填空和翻译（大约5分钟）。 11：20全部考试结束。,你知道四级的
2、答题时间吗?,作文(30),完型填空(15),翻译(5),听力(35),快速阅读(15),选词填空,传统阅读,在答题纸1上作答, 完成后交答题纸1.剩下题目在答卡2上作答.,25,（9:10-9:40）,（9:409:55）,（10:00-10:35）,（11:20结束）,注意,听力和阅读占70%。所以四级考试的成绩主要由听力和阅读能力决定。选词填空和传统阅读占25%，完型填空占10%。翻译占5%。完型和十五选十比较难，翻译分值少，建议不要在这三个题目上花太多时间。,大学英语四级考试成绩达到425分以上（含425分）的在校大学生,你知道考多少分才能报考六级吗?,你知道考怎么报考四级口试吗?,四
3、级成绩为550分以上（含550分）或六级成绩为520分以上（含520分），每年两次5月和12月。提前一个月在网上报名，然后现场确认。 全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会网站： http:/ 分值分布（710分）写作106分 快速阅读71分（10道题） 听力249分（46道题）仔细阅读178分（25道题） 完形填空71分（20道题） 翻译35分（5道题）,3. 翻译最新大纲,： 汉译英，5个句子，一句一题，句长为15-30词。句中的一部分已用英文给出，要求考生根据全局意思将汉语部分译成英语。 考试时间5分钟。 翻译需符合英语的语法结构和表达习惯，要求用词准确。 四级考试中未将翻译作为一个独立的技能进
4、行考核。翻译部分主要考核学生运用正确的词汇和语法结构并按英语习惯表达思想的能力。,阅卷标准,1）整体内容和语言均正确，得1分。2）结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，得0.5分。3）整体意思正确但语言有错误，得0.5分。4）整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。5）大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。,4. 汉译英基本步骤 1)浏览句子,确定形式和时态.形式：词组、固定搭配、动词非谓语、句子等时态： 主被动过去现在和将来一般，进行，完成语气：祈使，陈述，虚拟，疑问 2) 看汉语，找核心动词 3）先主谓宾，再定状补。动词注意时态，名词注意单复数。 4）灵活运用各种汉译英技巧.增词法,转换
5、,拆句,合并,正译,反译,倒置,插入等.,5. 大纲样题,Directions: Complete sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. 1. The substance does not dissolve in water _ (不管是否加热). 2. Not only _ (他向我收费过高),but he didnt do a good repair job either. 3. Your losses in trade this year are nothing _ (与我的相比). 4.
6、 On average, it is said, visitors spend only _(一半的钱) in a day in Leeds as in London. 5. By contrast, American mothers were more likely _ (把孩子的成功 归因于) natural talent.,whether ( it is ) heated or not,did he charge me too much/did he overcharge me,compared with mine/in comparison with me,half as much (
7、money),to attribute their childrens success to,6 常见考点总结,倒装 强调 虚拟语气 替代 主谓一致 情态动词+do/have done/be doing/have been doing 非谓语动词作状语及其逻辑主语 独立主格及独立结构 There be句型 不定式和动名词作主语和表语 Have+宾语+宾补,1 倒装句结构中的否定词前置现象。(3) never， seldom， rarely， little， hardly， scarcely， not until， by no means， under no circumstances， und
8、er no condition， in no way（决不）， in no case（决不）， neither （nor）， no sooner（than）， hardly/scarcely（when）， barely（仅仅，几乎不）， on no account， in no circumstances（决不）， not a bit， nowhere， not onlybut also等否定词在句首的倒装情况。 当“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时用倒装，如不在句首或虽在句首但不修辞状语时用正常语序。如：only then， only once， only in AmericaChina，
9、 only after the accident等。,2.强调句(3) It is/was +被强调部分+that/who 1)强调句型中的系动词除is和was之外，还有其他形式的变化; 2)被强调部分如果是人，可以用who，也可以用that，其他情况用that（常识性知识，一般不能作为考点） 3)在notuntil句型里，如果强调由until所引导的时间状语时，not须跟在until之前，即构成It is not untilthat结构。 4)强调的如果是原因状语从句，只能由because引导，不能由since， as或why引导。 5)强调句可以用来强调多种状语从句，但是让步和比较从句不行
10、6)强调的部分可以是主语，保证that后的动词与其一致。若强调的是宾语them，应该改成those。 动词强调的时候主要是一般过去时和一般现在时，使用do/does/did+动词原形构成强调。,3. “虚拟语气”(7) 第一种：were型虚拟，主要是 “ if ”引导的虚拟句子 Eg.If you had worked harder, you would have passed the exam. If I were you, I would marry him. If it should rain tomorrow, what would you do ? 有时可以省略if，从句由shoul
11、d/were/had引导，如果出现not 等否定词，否定词需放在主语后面。 Had you not worked hard, you would have failed in the exam. 从句和主句时态不一定都是对过去或者现在的假设，也有可能时态交叉，根据情况判断。,用在It is time that - 结构中, 表示“该干某事了”, 含建议的意思, 用动词过去式。time 前可加about (表示“大约”) 或high(表示“强调”) 等。 It is time (that) we went to bed . would rather/would sooner/wish对过去的希望
12、使用过去完成时，对现在的希望使用一般过去时，将来使用wouldEg. I would rather/ wish you had completed the task yesterday. as if /as though当假设的情况发生的可能性比较小的时候使用 were型虚拟 if only如果就好了Eg. If only I were the daughter of the king.,第二种：be型虚拟，主要是使用should+do的形式 表示要求、建议、命令等的动词后面的宾语从句中，主要动词有：insist , suggest , order , propose , demand , c
13、ommand , advise , desire , request , require , ask , prefer , recommend, arrange , advocate, maintain等。 另外: 在It is+上述动词的过去分词，其后所跟的主语从句中， Eg. It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms. 上述动词相应名词形式作主语+系动词，其后的表语从句中， Eg. His suggestion was that classes be rescheduled. 在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中， Eg. T
14、he workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation, ：用在“It + be + adj. ( important necessary , natural , essential , strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial , imperative , eager , fitting , po
15、ssible , impossible , improper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent 等,结构中的that 引导的主语从句中 Eg. It is preferable that you know the company well before you start to take charge of it. 在lest 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用虚拟语气，(should )+ 动词原形。In case 以免，可以虚拟should，也可以正常时态。 eg： The mad man was put in th
16、e soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.,4 替代关系(1),1)one/that替代前文中的名词。One或ones指代可数的单数或者复数名词，one通常有修饰词，常常出现a（an）+adj. +one 结构，有时后面有修饰词或者形容词性从句。That可以代替可数或者不可数名词，通常后跟修饰词，常见介短。 2)it特指前文提到的单数可数名词或者不可数名词。 3)do/does/did可代替前文的动词 4)so可代替前文中动词后面的从句，not代替否定。在it appears或seems中，可以用so代替that后面的从句。,5 There be句型(
17、1),1）be是vi.,也可以有其他不及物代替。例如arrive,come,follow,pass等。 2）there is no+n.+ doing表示不可能或者没必要 There is no point/need/sense/use/good 3) there to be /there being 6 Have +宾语+do/doing/done(3) Have difficulty/trouble/bother/fun/a hard time doing sth,7 主谓一致原则,1）and，bothand都是复数的动词形式 若and连接两个以上名词，且前面有each，every，no时
18、，谓语动词第三人称单数。 2）or，eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also 都是临近原则。 如果主语后面跟着as well as，along with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, except, in company with, more than, rather than也不影响谓语动词部分。 3）非谓语动词，动名词短语或者是名词性从句作主语，谓语一般用单数。但是如果what引导的从句中谓语动词是be复数形式，则主句谓语可以使用复数。 4）the+adj.依情况决定是单数还是复数。 5）表示时间，距离，体积
19、，小数等概念都当做单数处理,8 非谓语动词作状语(4),1）to do一般表示目的或者结果，有时置于形容词后表示原因。 2）doing可以是时间，原因，结果，让步，方式，伴随，条件等。 3）done可以是时间，伴随，条件，原因，让步等。 9 不定式和动名词作主语和表语(1) 10 独立主格(1) 1)n/pron+doing/done/to do /adj./adv/prep 2)With/without(1),11 Might/could/should/must have done(2) 表示对过去的事情的推测，可能，或者一定。 12 no matter what/when/where(2)
20、 无论有时可用whatever、whoever替换。,13 比较结构 (6) 倍数原则或者是几分之几，修饰词放在最开始 as +adj/adv+as，比较词than， by contrast ，“compared with”或者“in comparison with” More and more结构和the morethe more 14被动语态(6) 一般情况is/was/were +done 完成时被动语态have/has/had be done,动名词作主语的时候being done 相当于单数第三人称。,15 表示因果关系的短语，名词，动词，形容词介词。(2) attribute to
21、 contribute to , result in ,bring about lead to, result from, be to blame for, be responsible for, Owing to /thanks to/by (in) virtue of/ because of/seeing that/so that/ so as to/in order to Since/because/in that/for that16 其他包括定语从句(2)、名词性从句(2)、状语从句、否定等。17 四级核心词组(7),6 真题讲解 06年6月,87.Having spent some
22、 time in the city, he had no trouble (in) (找到去历史博物馆的路). 88. _ _ (为了挣钱供我上学)， mother often takes on more work than is good for her. 89.The professor required that _ _. (我们交研究报告). 90.The more you explain, _ (我愈糊涂). 91.Though a skilled worker, _ _(他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis.,findi
23、ng the way to the history museum/Museum of History,In order to support my university studies (to finance my education),we hand in/turn in/submit our research reports,the more confused I am/become/get,he was fired/laid off/dismissed/kicked out by the company,87.Specialists in intercultural studies sa
24、y that it is not easy to _ _(适应不同文化中的生活). 88.Since my childhood I have found that _ _ (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力). 89.The victim _ (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time. 90.Some psychologists claim that people _ _ _ (出门在外时可能会感到孤独). 91.The nations population continues to rise_ (以每年1200万人的速度).,ada
25、pt (oneself) to life/living in different cultures,nothing is more attractive/appealing to me than reading,06年12月,would have had a chance to survive/of survival,might feel lonely when they are away from home/ when you are not in your hometown,at the rate/speed of 12 million people per/ every year,87.
26、The finding of this study failed to _ _ (将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内). 88.The prevent and treatment of AIDS is _ _ (我们可以合作的领域). 89.Because of the leg injury, the athlete _ _(决定退出比赛). 90.To make donations or for more information, please _ (按以下地址和我们联系). 91.Please come here at ten tomorrow morning _ (如果你方便的话).,07年6月,
27、take peoples sleep quality/quality of sleep into account/consideration,the field (where) /(in which) we can cooperate /one field of our cooperation,decided/decides to quit/give up the match/game/contest,contact us at the following address,if it is convenient for you / at your convenience,87._ (多亏了一系
28、列的新发明)，doctors can treat this disease successfully. 88.In my sixties, one change I notice is that (我比以前更容易累了)._ 89.I am going to pursue this course_(无论我要做出什么样的牺牲). 90. I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because _ _(它更加方便和省时). 91.Many Americans live on credit, and their
29、quality of life _ (用他们能够借到多少来衡量的)，not how much they can earn.,07年12月,Thanks to /Owing to a series of new inventions,I am more inclined/liable to get tired than before,no matter what/ whatever sacrifice I make / no matter how much I sacrifice,it/the former is more convenient and time-saving,is measur
30、ed by how much they can borrow,can be applied to the development of new technology,must be wrong,no matter what job it is/whatever job it is/no matter what the job is,Compared with (the place) where I was brought up/In comparison with the place where I grew up.,Not until he had accomplished/complete
31、d / finished/ fulfilled his mission,2008年6月 87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of the research _.（能应用于新技术的开发） 88. I cant boot my computer now. Something _（一定出了毛病）with its operating system. 89. Leaving ones job, _ _（无论是什么工作）, is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring
32、. 90. _ _（与我成长的地方相比）, this town is more prosperous and exciting. 91. _（直到他完成使命）did he realize that he was seriously ill.,2008年12月87. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems-（他们至今还没有答案）88.- （大多数父母所关心的）is providing the best education possible for their children.,to which t
33、hey havent found / have no solutions/answers so far /till now,What most parents are concerned about,89.Youd better take a sweater with you-以防天气变冷）90.Through the project, many people have received training and-（决定自己创业）91.The anti-virus agent was not known-（直到一名医生偶然发现了它）,lest/in case it should get col
34、d / in case of temperature drop,decided to establish/found/launch/start their own business/enterprises/projects/undertakings 确定时态是关键，创业拆分为创办/开始/建立自己的生意/产业/事业等,until a doctor discovered it by chance/ happened to discover it / chanced upon it,2008年12月,2009年6月,1. Soon after he transferred to the new sc
35、hool, Ali found that he had_ (很难跟得上班里的同学) in math and English. 2. If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary (就不会被大雨淋湿了)._ 3.It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are_ (更有可能增加体重)。 4. _（很多人没有意识到的）is that Simon is a lover of sports, and football in particular. 5.The study shows tha
36、t the poor functioning of human body is _(与缺乏锻炼密切相关),difficulties in catching up with his classmates,wouldnt have been caught in rain.,more likely to gain weight/put on weight.,What most people havent realized,closely related to the lack of exercise.,2009年12月 87. You would not have failed if you _(按
37、照我的指令去做).had followed my instructions. 88. Despite the hardship he encountered, Mark never _ (放弃对知识的追求).gave up /quit the pursuit of knowledge/pursuing knowledge) 89. Scientists agree that it will be a long time _(我们找到治疗癌症的方法).before we find the cure/treatment for cancer. 90. Production has to be in
38、creased considerably to _(与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步 ).keep pace with the consumers growing demands. 91. The more exercise you take, _(你越不大可能得感冒). the less likely you catch a cold.,2010年6月,87. Because of the noise outside, Nancy had great difficulty - (集中注意力在实验上). 88. The manager never laughed; neither (她也从来没有
39、发过脾气). 89. We look forward to-(被邀请出席开幕).,focusing/concentrating on her experiment,being invited to the opening ceremony.,did she lose her temper,90. It is suggested that the air conditioner. (要安装在窗户旁)91. The 16-year-old girl decided to travel abroad on her own despite (她父母的强烈反对).,（should） be fixed/i
40、nstalled beside the window,her parents strong opposition/objection.,2010年6月,2010年12月,87._(为了确保他参加会议)，I called him up in advance.88.The significant museum_(据说建成于)about a hundred years ago.89.There would be no life on earth _ (没有地球独特的环境)。,In order to/So as to ensure him to attend the meeting,Was/Is sa
41、id to be founded,without the special environment on earth,90._(给游客印象最深的)was the friendliness and warmth of the local people.91.They requested that _ (我借的书还回图书馆) by next Friday.,What the tourists were impressed by,the books that I borrowed be returned to the library,2010年12月,87. The university author
42、ities did not approve the regulation, _ (也没有解释为什么).88. Jane is tired of dealing with customer complaints and wishes that she _ (能被分配做另一项工作).89. John rescued the drowning child _(冒着自己生命危险).90. George called his boss from the airport but it _ (接电话的却是他的助手).91. Although he was interested in philosophy,
43、_ (他的父亲说服他) majoring in law.,2011年6月,nor did they make any explanation / nor did they give the reason for doing so,could be assigned (to) another job,at the risk /expense of his own life,was his assistant who answered / picked up the phone；turned out that his assistant answered / picked up the phone
44、,his father persuaded / talked him into,87. Charity groups organized various activities_ (为地震幸存者筹款)88. Linda_ (不可能收到我的电子邮件)， otherwise, she could have replied。89. Its my mother _(一直鼓励我不要灰心) when I have difficulties in my study。90. The publishing house has to (考虑这本小说的受欢迎程度)。91. Its wrong to 。(仅仅以金钱来定义幸福),
