1、2018/10/18,1,Unit Four Health Text: How to Grow Old,Get StartedText ReadingFurther Development,2018/10/18,2,Introductory Questions,Work in groups and discuss the following questions: What do you usually do to keep fit? What do you think are the criteria of being healthy? If you had to choose between
2、 wealth and health, which would you prefer? Why?,physical health, mental health and interpersonal relationships,2018/10/18,3,Engineer and producer Alan Parsons and his colleague, songwriter and lyricist Eric Woolfson, formed the Alan Parsons Project in 1975. Throughout their career, the Alan Parsons
3、 Project recorded concept albums, with a revolving cast of session musicians. Nineteen eighty-twos Eye in the Sky was their greatest success; the title track charted in the Top Ten on the pop charts and the album went platinum. Although they werent able to repeat that success, the group maintained a
4、 devoted cult audience.,Alan Parsons Project,Alan Parsons Project,An English Song,2018/10/18,4,Listen to the Song,Old and Wise Alan Parsons ProjectAs far as my eyes can see There are shadows approaching me And to those I left behind I wanted you to know Youve always shared my deepest thoughts You fo
5、llow where I goAnd oh, when Im old and wise Bitter words mean little to me Autumn winds will blow right through me And someday in the mist of time When they asked me if I knew you Id smile and say you were a friend of mine And the sadness would be lifted from my eyes Oh when Im old and wise,An Engli
6、sh Song,2018/10/18,5,As far as my eyes can see There are shadows surrounding me And to those I leave behind I want you all to know Youve always shared my darkest hours Ill miss you when I goAnd oh, when Im old and wise Heavy words that tossed and blew me Like autumn winds that will blow right throug
7、h me And someday in the mist of time When they ask you if you knew me Remember that you were a friend of mine As the final curtain falls before my eyes Oh when Im old and wiseAs far as my eyes can see,An English Song,2018/10/18,6,Questions about the Song,Keep them in mind but never live in sadness.,
8、1. As an “old and wise” man, how does one face his relatives or friends pass away?,Dying is as natural as living. As an “old and wise” man, one should not suffer from the fear of death because he has known human joys and sorrows, and has made all the achievements he is able to make.,2. To an “old an
9、d wise” man, what is the right attitude towards death?,3. Have you ever thought someday you will be an old person? How will you arrange your life then?,4. How to be an “old and wise” person?,An English Song,2018/10/18,7,Brief Introduction to Bertrand Russell,Born: 18 May 1872 Birthplace: Wales Died:
10、 2 February 1970 Best Known As: Mathematician and philosopher,Bertrand Russell,2018/10/18,8,Bertrand Russell,Chronology of Bertrand Russell,In 1872,Born in Wales, UK,In 1910,Wrote major early work Principles of Mathematics,In 1918,Put in prison for his vocal protests against war,In 1938,Took an acad
11、emic post in America,In 1945,His book named A History of Western Philosophy sold well and removed his financial troubles,In 1950,Won Nobel Prize for literature,In 1970,Died,2018/10/18,9,The British mathematician, philosopher and social reformer Bertrand Arthur William Russell was born in Wales in 18
12、72. In his long and complex life, Russell took many roles. After a distinguished mathematics and philosophy course at Cambridge University, he was elected to a fellowship(院士). His major early work was The Principles of Mathematics, first published in 1903. During the First World War Russells pacifis
13、t(和平主义的) activities resulted in the loss of his fellowship and his vocal protests against the War led to a brief jail sentence in 1918. In 1938 he took an academic post in America and stayed there for most of the Second World War. His book named A History of Western Philosophy sold well in 1940s and
14、 removed his financial troubles. He was given the Nobel Prize for literature in 1950. From 1954 onwards he became an outspoken advocate of nuclear disarmament. He died in 1970.,Bertrand Russell,2018/10/18,10,Famous Quotes from Bertrand Russell,1. All human activity is prompted by desire. 2. Many peo
15、ple would rather die than think; in fact, most do. 3. To fear love is to fear life, and those who fear life are already three parts dead. 4. In all affairs its a healthy thing now and then to hang a question mark on the things you have long taken for granted. 5. The whole problem with the world is t
16、hat fools and fanatics are always so certain of themselves, but wiser people so full of doubts.,Bertrand Russell,2018/10/18,11,Edward Gibbon (17371794) : British politician and historian,Edward Gibbon,2018/10/18,12,Edward Gibbon (17371794) is a British politician and historian, author of The History
17、 of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Educated at the University of Oxford and in Switzerland, Gibbon wrote his early works in French. In London he became a member of Samuel Johnsons brilliant intellectual circle. On a trip to Rome he was inspired to write the history of the city. His Declin
18、e and Fall of the Roman Empire, 6 vol., is a continuous narrative from the 2nd century AD to the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Though Gibbons conclusions have been modified by later scholars, his historical perspective and superb literary style have given his work its lasting reputation as one of
19、the greatest historical works.,Edward Gibbon,Edward Gibbon,2018/10/18,13,Girton College, Cambridge,Full name,Girton College, Cambridge,Named after,Girton Village,Established,In 1869,Previous names,The College for Women,Co-founders,Emily Davies and Barbara Bodichon,Motto,Better is wisdom than weapons
20、 of war.,Mixed,In 1977,Famous for,1. One of the largest colleges in Cambridge 2. An Egyptian mummy named “Hermione” 3. An indoor heated swimming pool,2018/10/18,14,University of Cambridge is one of the worlds oldest and most prestigious universities. It was established in 1209 and located in Cambrid
21、ge, England. Cambridge has more than 100 academic departments and several world-class research centers that have produced more than 80 Nobel Prize winners. The university is home to more than 16,000 students enrolled in some 30 colleges, each of which acts as an independent institution. Teaching res
22、ponsibilities are shared between the colleges and university departments. And degrees are awarded by the university. Cambridge University is well known for its motto, “From this place, we gain enlightenment and precious knowledge.” Its alumni have included such prominent notables as Sir Isaac Newton
23、, Charles Darwin, and Stephen Hawking.,University of Cambridge,University of Cambridge,2018/10/18,15,Directions: When you listen to a paragraph about Cambridge University, you are required to catch the key words of this paragraph. And then say something about this world-famous university according t
24、o the key words youve got.,Establishment Location Students Departments,Colleges Nobel Prize Winners Motto Famous alumni,University of Cambridge,2018/10/18,16,Girton College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. The College was established in 1869 by
25、 Emily Davies and Barbara Bodichon, as the first residential college for women in England. It was called the College for Women. The first group of students were known as The Pioneers. In 1872 the present site next to the village of Girton was purchased. The College was then renamed Girton College. T
26、he college became mixed in 1977 with the arrival of the first male Fellows; male undergraduates have been admitted since 1979. Girtonians are known for their motto, “Better is wisdom than weapons of war.” Numerically and geographically, Girton is now one of the largest colleges in Cambridge. Girton
27、also proudly houses an Egyptian mummy named “Hermione,” and is the only Cambridge college to have its own indoor heated swimming pool.,Girton College, Cambridge,2018/10/18,17,Words Exercise,Grace was a fine woman - perfect in almost every. (a particular point, para.1) 2. He doesnt think his goal is
28、a one. (far-away, para.1) 3. They were for not paying their phone bill. (stop the supply of sth. para.1) 4. Several students have called to when to begin the class. (ask, question, para.1) 5. He felt after reading a piece of bad news in the newspaper. (depressing, gloomy, para.1),Find in the text a
29、word or phrase that best complete the sentence.,respect,remote,cut off,inquire,dismal,_,_,_,_,_,2018/10/18,18,Words Exercise,6. His prose is everywhere a demonstration of (being brief and concise, para.1) 7. A healthy way of living can help you many diseases. (protect from, para.3) 8. As spring is c
30、oming, the field is filling with . (vigor, energy, life, para.4) 9. She never cares about others; shes just so cold and. (not caring about, para.4) 10. Though she is a career woman, she still herself with her kid and performs her duty well as a good mother. (worry or interest, para.5),brevity,guard
31、against,vitality,indifferent,concerns,_.,_,_,_,_,2018/10/18,19,Words Exercise,11. Those young volunteer workers have a valuable service to the community. (give, cause to be, para.5) 12. The gloomy atmosphere in the office her. (make sb. feel sad or worried, para.6) 13. Ive been robbed twice, so I th
32、ink Im cautious while walking in the street. (reasonably, para.6) 14. Residents are busy mopping up as floodwaters there continue to . (move back or away, para.6) 15. They have decided to those small firms together. (combine or join together, para.6),rendered,oppressed,justifiably,recede,merge,_,_,_
33、,_,_,2018/10/18,20,Text Reading: Questions,1. According to Russell, what is the proper recipe for remaining young?,One is undue absorption in the past, the other is clinging to youth in the hope of sucking vigor from its vitality.,2. What are the two dangers old people should guard against psycholog
34、ically?,The proper recipe for remaining young is cultivating wide and keen interests and taking an active part in activities that can take ones mind off the mere fact of old age.,2018/10/18,21,Text Reading: Questions,3. Why is it no use telling grown-up children not to make mistakes?,Because grown-u
35、p children have their own ideas and thus may not follow their parents advice. Besides, mistakes are inevitable and grown-up children can become more mature and experienced through making mistakes.,4. What is the best way for an old person to overcome the fear of death?,The best way is make personal
36、interests gradually wider and more impersonal until ones life becomes merged in the universal life.,2018/10/18,22,Text Reading : Organization,1,2,1,2,3,34,4,56,The hereditary factor: From ones ancestors one can acquire the right genes as well as guidance on how best to remain young.,The health facto
37、r: Russell has little to say on this, other than admitting that his lifestyle is mostly wholesome.,The psychological factor: We should guard against the danger of undue absorption in the past and that of clinging to youth in the hope of sucking vigour from its vitality.,The broader interests factor:
38、 Strong impersonal interests may ensure us an easy and successful old age and the best way to overcome the fear of death is to make our interests wider and more impersonal until our life becomes merged in the universal life.,2018/10/18,23,Story of Russells Maternal Grandmother,Her Experience,Lost on
39、e child in infancy, suffered from many miscarriages and finally became a widow.,Her Career,1. Devoted herself to womens higher education; 2. Co-founder of Girton College; 3. Worked hard at opening the medical profession to women.,Book (s) She Read,Popular science,Her Recipe for Remaining Young,Not t
40、o notice that she was growing old.,Text Reading,2018/10/18,24,Summary of Her story,She went through a lot in her lifetime and yet she was optimistic about life, successful in her career and managed to live to the age of ninety-two.,Conclusions,1. One should have wide and keen interests. 2. It is not
41、 sensible to think about the exact number of years one has already lived. 3. It is even less sensible to consider how soon one might possibly die.,Text Reading,2018/10/18,25,First, dont live in memories but to look ahead to what youll be doing in the days to come. Second, dont depend emotionally on
42、the younger generation in the hope of getting vigour from them.,1. What advice does the author give in Part 3?,He asks his readers to forget the past, because only by this way will one be able to think of what is coming in the future and do something that is worth doing, thus keeping his mind and em
43、otions as keen and active as they used to be.,2. What does the author ask his readers to forget? And why?,Text Reading: Questions,2018/10/18,26,He intends to tell his readers that for the sake of their own health, it is psychologically necessary for elderly people to be less interested in their grow
44、n-up children even though it is difficult to do so.,3. Why does the author make a comparison between human beings and animals?,Text Reading: Questions,2018/10/18,27,Young people have their own lives to lead and they will not enjoy elderly peoples company even if elderly people still render them mate
45、rial services.,2. Young people have their own lives to lead and they will not enjoy elderly peoples company and even material services.,F,( ),1. For grown-up children, mistakes are inevitable and they can become more mature and experienced through making mistakes.,T,( ),Text Reading: True or False,2
46、018/10/18,28,There is a justification for young people to fear death because it would be a great pity if their lives have been cut short unjustly before they have had a chance to enjoy all the best things that life has to offer. It is somewhat ignoble for elderly people to do so because they have kn
47、own human joys and sorrows, and have achieved whatever work it was in them to do.,3. It is ignoble for people to fear death according to the author.,F,( ),4. The author wishes to die while still at work because he feels relieved that he has tried his best and others will surely carry on what he cann
48、ot do.,T,( ),Text Reading: True or False,2018/10/18,29,Discussion,Work in groups and discuss what one should do to keep healthy.,How to Keep Healthy,Physical health: a balanced diet, adequate sleep, proper exercises (work out) Psychological health: peace of mind, optimistic attitude, a caring heart,
49、 wide interest, effective ways against pressure, develop social ties, etc.,2018/10/18,30,With wit and humor, Bertrand Russell proposes a recipe for living a healthy life at an advanced age. He also provides insights into the issue of life and death, and the relationship between the individual and the universal life.,
