1、Mapping,Embarkation,Navigation,Destination,Resources,Active reading 2,Summary,Talking points,Summary,Individual work: Use the given clues to summarise the musical experiment.,reasonexperiment deviceexperiment designproceduresresultconclusion,More,Summary,In order to see whether learning to sing coul
2、d actually change the way my brain worked, I collaborated with researcher Larry Parsons on a musical experiment with the help of functional MRI. We designed a one-year experiment. First I had a couple of musical lessons to know some rudiments of reading music. Then I began my first brain scan in Jun
3、e 2006. which is followed by a year of lessons. We repeated the exactly same technical exercises in the second brain scan in July 2007. The result is surprising that not only had there been significant changes in my brain activity, but that these fitted with Larrys understanding of how the brain sup
4、ports musical performances. Now I am even more mystified as to why human have evolved such an amazing ability.,Difficult sentences,Words to note,Preview,Language in use,Information related,Difficult sentence 1,1. Musicality is deeply embedded in the human genome roots than spoken language. (Para 1,
5、L3-L5) 2. With the help of functional MRI he had begun to identify which areas of the brain are recruited appear to be specialized for processing music. (Para 2, L7-L12) 3. Singing is a means for achieving well-being through social bonding. (Para 5, L9-L10) 4. I was surprised when Larry told me that
6、 not onlywith his understanding of how the brain supports musical performance. (Para 6, L12-L16) 5. By understanding just how difficult it is to sing-to simultaneously as to why humans have evolved such an amazing ability. (Para 7, L3 to the end),click,click,click,click,click,Difficult sentence 1, m
7、usicality is deeply embedded in the human genome, with far more ancient evolutionary roots than spoken language. (Para 1, L3-L5),embed: v. to make sth. an important part of sth. else 使成为重要的部分,使融入e.g. Traces of earlier ways of life are embedded in modern society. 早期生活方式的痕迹已融入到现代社会中。 genome: n. a comp
8、lete set of genes of an organism 基因组 evolutionary: adj. connected with gradual process of change or development 发展的，演变的,音乐才能是深深植根于人类基因中的，从进化史中的角度来说，它比人类的口头语言都要古老得多。,Identify the meaning of following words.,click,Translate the sentence into Chinese.,click,Difficult sentence 2,More,With the help of fu
9、nctional MRI he had begun to identify which areas of the brain are recruited appear to be specialized for processing music. (Para 2, L7-L12),recruit: v. to get someone to help 找帮忙 specialize: v. to concentrate on a particular activity. 专门从事于e.g. a travel company specializing in European tours functi
10、onal MRI: functional Magnetic ResonanceImaging, a scanner which detects amounts and whereabouts of brain activity 功能磁共振成像,那时候他已经开始用功能磁共振成像来确定人在从事音乐活动时大脑中被调动起来的区域。这些区域中有一些显然既在音乐活动，又在其他活动中起作用，而另一些，比如颞叶中颞上回的前部，似乎是专门用于处理音乐的。,Identify the meaning of following words.,click,Translate the sentence into Chin
11、ese.,click,Difficult sentence 2,Planum polare,Difficult sentence 3, singing is a means for achieving well-being through social bonding. (Para 5, L9-L10),well-being n. the satisfactory state that involves sth. happy, healthy and safe and having enough money. 幸福、安康、富裕e.g. a sense of well-being 幸福感 bon
12、ding: n. the development of a special close relationship between people 亲密关系的形成e.g. the bonding between mother and babysocial bonding: 社会交往,唱歌是通过社会交往增加幸福感的一种方式。,Identify the meaning of following words.,click,Translate the sentence into Chinese.,click,Difficult sentence 4,I was surprised when Larry t
13、old me that not only had there been significant changes in my brain activity, but that these fitted with his understanding of how the brain supports musical performance. (Para 6, L12-L16),此句中有两个that所引导的宾语从句。第一个宾语从句包含了一个以not only 置于句首的倒装句，正常次序应为：there had been significant changese.g. Not only did the
14、y bring snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. 他们不仅带了快餐和饮料，还带了牌以供在树林中野炊时娱乐。,当拉里告诉我大脑活动不仅发生了明显改变，而且这种变化完全符合他对大脑在音乐活动中所起作用的理解时，我很吃惊。,Identify the sentence structure.,click,Translate the sentence into Chinese.,click,Difficult sentence 5,By
15、 understanding just how difficult it is to sing-to and unconsciously manage pitch as to why humans have evolved such an amazing ability. (Para 7, L3 to the end),pitch: the quality of sound we speak of in terms of high and low 音高 tone: n. the fixed vibration of the vocal cords producing a pleasing so
16、und 音调 dynamics: n. volume and style of a sound 力度 mystify: v. make sb. unable to understand or explain 使无法理解，使困惑不解,知道了唱歌是多么不容易要举重若轻地把音高、音色、音调、力度都掌握好我现在更加感到疑惑，人类为什么会进化出这样一种神奇的能力？,Identify the meaning of following words.,click,Translate the sentence into Chinese.,click,Words to note,1. literally 2. e
17、ntitle 3. evidently 4. sustain 5. subtract 6. frustrate 7. venture,1. turn off 2. blend into,literally,Situational question and answer. S1: His original dream, however modified by circumstances, had _. 他原来的梦想，无论受到环境如何地限制，总算真正实现了。 Use other words to replace “literally” in S1.,adv. used for showing wh
18、at you are saying is really true 确实地，真正地,factually, exactly, virtually,literally been fulfilled,literally,Usages,1. used to describe sth. in an extreme way that cannot be true,简直,照字面意思地,2. in the most basic, obvious meanings of the words that are used,Identify the meanings of “literally” in the foll
19、owing situations.,2. Now there are literally more than 3000 companies using our software.,3. Children take things literally when they hear them from a teacher.,1. He literally flew into the classroom.,click,简直,click,确实地,click,照字面意思地,entitle,v. 1) (often passive voice) to give a title to a book, poem
20、, or piece of music 给题名2) (often passive voice) to give sb. the right to do sth. 给某种权利/资格,值得表扬,被尊称为“殿下”,年龄和经验使老年人赢得年轻人的尊重。,你的资格使你获得较高的薪水。,Identify the context-dependent use of “entitle”.,be entitled to praise,The age and experience entitle old people the respect from the young.,Your qualifications e
21、ntitle you to a higher salary.,be entitled “Your Highness”,evidently,adv. used for saying that sth. is obviously 显然，明显,Discuss the following issue and proposal.Issue: Evidently there is a close connection between peoples perception of bad luck and interesting coincidence. (See para2, Active reading
22、1)You may begin your discussion with “ As far as I am concerned, the issue of bad luck”,More,evidently,on a spectrum rather than something which is there or not there the duration and memorability of the first event probability and independence,Agree,Disagree,Mathematical elementsPsychological eleme
23、nts,+,sustain,v. to provide conditions in which something can happen or exist 维持，保持,More,Translate the following sentence into English. 持续的冷战状态不可能继续维持下去。 A permanent state of cold war was impossible to sustain.It is impossible to sustain a permanent state of cold war. Identify the functions of “sust
24、ain” in the above examples. 例1 sustain沉降到句末，而a permanent state of cold war作为 主语突前，显示为句子的出发点。 例2 sustain为实际上的主语，显示为句子的出发点。,sustain,Identify the context-dependent meaning of “explosion”.,to sustain heavy losses,sustain,to sustain life,蒙受巨大损失,to sustain ones effort,继续努力,to sustain a decision,维持生命,支持某一个
25、决定,subtract,v. to take a number or amount from another number or amount 减去,Translate the following sentences. 1. 九减去三等于六。 2. If you want to make it speed up or slow down you have to add or subtract just enough energy.,click,If you subtract 3 from 9 you will get 6.,click,如果你要使它加快或减慢就必须把能量增加或减少到恰到好处。,
26、frustrate,v. to make sb. feel annoyed and impatient by preventing them from doing or getting sth. 阻挠、使烦恼、使灰心,Identify the context-dependent uses of “frustrate”.1. to frustrate the plans of ones enemy 2. Giving the child problems he cant solve will only frustrate him.,使沮丧,挫败,More,Self-test: Fill in t
27、he blanks of the appropriate words.(1) They made preparations to _ the conspiracy. (2) Giving the child problems he cant solve will only _ him. (3) The nest time you find yourself in the middle of a very stressful time, or you feel angry or _, please stop. (4) Without patience, life is extremely _.
28、(5) The _ we felt with the bureaucracy was based on solid reasons.,A. frustrate v. 阻扰；使丧气 B. frustration n. 沮丧 D. frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的 D. frustrated adj. 感觉沮丧的,A,A,D,C,B,venture,n. a new business or activity 新的冒险事业、风险企业 v. to go somewhere unpleasant, dangerous or exciting 冒险前进,More,Identify the me
29、aning of “venture” and translate the following sentences into Chinese.,1. The joint venture is integrated into the dominant parents management system. 合资企业的管理业务全部纳入母公司的管理系统。2. He is too timid to venture upon a new undertaking.他太胆小，不敢从事新的事业。,n. 风险事业,v. 冒险前进,Synonyms,adventure: 冒险，历险，指刺激的、想象不到的历险,He i
30、s about to embark on a new business _. Most Americans prefer to read fast-moving _ stories we call “thrillers” (惊悚小说)The temptation to _ into crime was too strong. He is a man full of _. (冒险精神),venture,adventure,venture,adventure,venture: 冒险，常用于商业冒险，虽然未必预测到每一步，但已经过深思熟虑的冒险行为,venture,turn off,Fill in
31、the blanks with missing information. Pop music may turn you on, but it _.通俗音乐可能引起你的兴趣，但它却使我失去胃口。 2. Without getting up from their couches, consumers can _. 消费者不必从坐椅起来就可以关掉他们不感兴趣的广告。,turns me off,turn off ads that turn them off,to make sb. feel bored or no longer interested in sth. 使厌烦、使失去兴趣,blend in
32、to,to seem to gradually change into sth. else 似乎渐变成Translate the following sentences. 1. 各种各样的传统菜肴凑成一顿有独特风味的美餐。 Various traditional dishes blend into a distinctive and tasty meal.2. Eagles circle above the high gorges, waves swirl round the cliffs, while the shadows of the hills and clouds, the sunl
33、ight and the glinting water blend into one whole. 苍鹰在高峡上盘旋，江涛追随着山峦激荡，山影云影，日光水光，交织成一片。,Language in use,Useful expression,Word formation,Grammatical structure,English to Chinese,Translation,Chinese to English,Useful expressions,Active reading 2: Resources,More,2.深深地根植于,2. deeply embedded,3.人类的基因谱,3. t
34、he human genome,5.放声歌唱,5. find ones voice,7.专门用于处理音乐,7. specialized for processing music,8.读乐谱的基本知识,8. the rudiments of reading music,9.极度疲乏的经历,9. a gruelling experience,1.这是一个困扰我的问题。,1. This is a question that haunts me.,4.有着更久远的进化根源,4. with far more evolutionary roots,6.一有机会,6. at the first opport
35、unity,Useful expression,11.敲脚趾,11. tap the toe,15.缺乏自信,15. lacking in confidence,10.投射到屏幕上,10. projected on screen,Active reading 2: Resources,More,13.从中减去,13. subtract from,14.将所有涉及的大脑活动拍下来,14. give snapshots of the mental activity involved,16.获得幸福感的一种方式,16. a means for achieving wellbeing,17.社会交往,
36、17. social bonding,12.加工图片,12. process images,Useful expressions,Active reading 2: Resources,20.显著的变化,20. significant changes,22.举重若轻地处理,22. simultaneously and unconsciously manage sth.,23.对感到疑惑,23. be mystified as to,24.人类进化出这样一种神奇的能力,24. humans have evolved such an amazing ability,21.相当的困难,21. rem
37、arkably difficult,19.刹那间感情的交融,19. fleeting feelings of emotional intimacy,18.有几次,18. on a few occasions,Word formation,-ity/-ility Usage As a suffix added to the adj. Forming nouns Describing the state,More,Examples from the text: When it comes to bad things happening in threes, what may be most imp
38、ortant of all is the duration and memorability of the first thing.,Word formation,Add “down” to the given words and form new words.,responsible,possible,curious,complex,complexity,possibility,curiosity,responsibility,suitable,suitability,stupid,stupidity,-ity/ -ility,Grammatical structure,To elicit
39、a topic Followed by nouns or noun phrases,When it comes to,More,e.g. When it comes to bad things happening in threes, what may be most important of all is the duration and memorability of the first thing.,Example,Grammatical structure,1. In the case of learning an instrument like the piano or violin
40、, a lot of patience and the ability to persevere are essential. 2. If we turn our attention to non-scientific studies of good and bad luck, there are all sorts of fantastic theories.,click,click,1. When it comes to learning an instrument like the piano or violin, a lot of patience and the ability to
41、 persevere are essential.,2. When it comes to non-scientific studies of good and bad luck, there are all sorts of fantastic theories.,When it comes to Rewrite the following sentences with “when it comes to”.,More,Grammatical structure,To describe a conditional situation Use past tense and would or a
42、nother model verb,More,If only,e.g. Friends claimed this was simply because I had been turned off from music as a child and if only I took a few lessons I would find my voice.,Example,Grammatical structure,1. I wont be able to work out this mathematical problem unless you are quiet for a few minutes
43、. 2. The number of accidents at work wont decrease unless people are more careful and follow the safety instructions.,click,click,1. If only you were quiet for a few minutes, I would be able to work out this mathematical problem,2. If only people were more careful and followed the safety instruction
44、s, the number of accidents at work would decrease.,If only Rewrite the following sentences with “if only”.,Translation,1.Red lights come up just as often when the driver is not in hurry; its just that the disadvantage of the red light is considerably less if time is not critical. The false part of t
45、he perception is that red lights happen more than green lights. The reason for this is simply that a driver has more time to think about a red light than a green light, because while the latter is gone in seconds,司机不赶时间的时候碰到的红灯其实和赶时间的时候一样多；只是如果时间不紧急，红灯带来的不便要小得多。认为红灯出现的次数比绿灯多其实是一种错觉。产生这种错觉的原因很简单，因为司机
46、有更多的时间去想红灯，而绿灯的时候，车子几秒钟就疾驰而过了,Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.,More,Translation,and indeed is an experience no different from just driving along the open roadthe red light forces a change of behaviour, a moment of exertion and stress, and then a deprivation of freedom for a minute or so. Red l
47、ights stick in the mind, while green lights are instantly forgotten.,这其实和在畅通的公路上开车没有任何区别而红灯却迫使司机改变行为，一小会儿的时间里要强迫自己努力一下，承受点压力，还要失去一两分钟的自由。所以红灯会深深地印在司机的脑海里，而绿灯转瞬间就被抛到脑后了。,Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.,More,Translation,2. Can anyone learn to sing? Its a question that haunted me as I was writin
48、g my most recent book The Singing Neanderthals. My research had persuaded me that musicality is deeply embedded in the human genome, with far more ancient evolutionary roots than spoken language. Yet here I was, unable to carry a tune or match a rhythm.,人人都能学会唱歌吗？在撰写我最新出版的唱着歌的尼安德特人一书时，这个问题就一直萦绕在我的心头
49、。我做的研究让我相信音乐才能是深深植根于人类基因中的，从进化史的角度上来说，它比人类的口头语言都要古老得多。可是我本人 一唱起歌来不是跑调，就是跟不上节奏。,Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.,More,Translation,Friends and academic colleagues claimed this was simply because I had been “turned off” from music as a child and if only I took a few lessons I would find my voice. Maybe they were right. So humiliated was I by music teachers who made me “sing” alone in front of the class that I dropped music at the first opportunity and havent participated in anything musical for over 35 years. Perhaps I could learn to sing.,
