1、,大学英语四级写作专项训练,大学英语四级考试,要求考生在3O分钟内写出1OO120词的短文。试卷上可能给出题目，或规定情景，或要求看图作文，或给出关键词要求写成短文，写作的内容包括日常生活和一般常识。,做题顺序,四级的文章不要求很长，但需要有头有尾，有论有据，有发有收。为了防止因时问不足而虎头蛇尾，写作时一定要安排好时间。最好用5分钟左右写下提纲和要点，以便写作时有章可循。这样做一是不至于无话可写，二是可以避免虎头蛇尾。大部分写作题都给出了汉语主题句，这就等于已经给出了粗略的提纲。因此，考生要在5分钟内做的事情是：,1考虑好主题句的英语表达 2为每一段设计好要点和论据。在写作时只需要把准备好的
2、要点和论据扩展成正确的句子即可。 切记：作文在结构上一定要脉络清楚。一方面，文章要组织得合乎逻辑。一方面，连接词的使用一定要得当。,连接词是文章逻辑在形式上的体现，它可以在很大程度上弥补叙述或论证时的逻辑缺陷，指引读者跟着作者的思路走,写作中常用的关联词有： 1表示举例或补充说明的关联词为：and，furthermore（此外），moreover，whats more，more than that，likewise（而且），meanwhile，in addition to，also，another，indeed，in fact，on one hand，on the other hand，for
3、 instance，for example，to illustrate（为了说明），specifically，besides，in particular，etc,2表示时间或顺序的关联词为： at present，at last，in the end，then，since then，before，after, afterwards，recentlyat the same time，from now on，later，first，second，the last，next，finally，eventually，from then on，lately，firstly，secondly，thirdly
4、，etc,3表示转折让步的关联词为： but，yet，however，nevertheless（尽管如此），though，although，despite，in spite of，on the contrary，in contrast，after all，anyway， no matter， unfortunately，instead， instead of，etc 4表示原因与结果的关联词为： because，since，for，because of，for the reason，as，now that，due to，owing to，hence，therefore，accordingly，
5、consequently，thus，so，as a result，etc,5表示总结与归纳的关联词为： in a word，in short，in brief， all in all，generally speaking，in general，in a few words，to sum up，to conclude， to come to a conclusion， in conclusion，on the whole，so，therefore，consequently，thus，etc,四级作文从试题角度可以分为现象解释型、对比选择型、问题解决型、观点论证型与应用文五种类型。下面我们就从这五
6、种类型着手，分别来讲它们各自的写作方法。,现象解释型,基本方法为：描述现象分析原因对现象做出预测或如何促进(限制)这种现象的进一步发展。,模版一： 1. has become a common part of peoples life.(空格内用概括性的词语填出最近出现的总体现象 ) 2.And has always aroused the greatest concern.(空格内填题目要去讨论的具体现象) 3.what impresses us most is .(现象的具体表现 ) 4.The reasons are varied.(过度句，填现象或现象带来的后果，为下文分析产生的原因做
7、铺垫 ),5. Among the various reasons,plays an important role.(原因之一 ) 6.That is to say,(具体说明原因一 ) 7.What is more,(原因二 ) 8.For example,(举例说明原因二 ) 9When talking about， (空格一填作者要讨论的现象,空格二填作者的看法 ) 10On the one hand (支持看法的理由一或说明看法的第一个方面 ) 11On the other hand,(理由二或第二个方面 ) 12In brief,(总结 ),模版一例文,Reading regular
8、ly has long become a common part of peoples life. And reading preference has always aroused the greatest concern. What impresses us most is according to the table, the percentage of book circulation in an American university library, which shows that the circulation of popular fictions, general nonf
9、ictions, science/technology/education books and art/ literature/poetry books accounts for 65.9%,18.2%,10.8%and 5.1% respectively. The reasons for the phenomenon are varied.,Among the various reasons, the appealing content of the popular fictions plays an important part. That is to say, thanks to its
10、 appealing plot, popular fictions attract more people than other types of books do. What is more, science and art books which require readers knowledge on relevant fields are highly demanding. For example, its hard for students majoring in chemistry to understand Brownings poems, and vice versa. Whe
11、n talking about my reading preference, I think I prefer to science books. On the one hand, in order to deepen what Im specializing in, I need read more books relevant to my major. On the other hand, these books can also broaden our horizons. In brief, college students should choose books according t
12、o their interests and needs.,模板二： 1.We have witnessed （空格内填最近出现的总体现象 ） 2.According to ， （空格一根据题目填the chart, the report等，空格二内填现象的具体表现一 ） 3.And （现象的具体表现二 ） 4.Many reasons contribute to （过度句，填现象或现象带来的后果，为下文分析产生的原因做铺垫 ）,5. To begin with ,.（原因之一 ） 6.More over,（原因二） 7.In addition ,（原因三） 8.As a result , （原
13、因导致的结果） 9.As to me,，（作者对现象的看法 ） 10.First of all,（支持看法的理由一） 11.Besides,（理由二） 12.To conclude, （总结）,模版二例文,We have witnessed that college students vary in reading preference. According to the table of the percentage of book circulation in an American university library, the circulation of popular fictio
14、ns and general nonfictions accounts for 65.9% and 18.2% respectively. And the table shows that the circulation of science/technology/education books and art/ literature/poetry books is 10.8%and 5.1% respectively. Many reasons contribute to this phenomenon.,To begin with, popular fictions usually pos
15、sess more appealing plot than the types of books do, so many readers are attracted by popular fictions. Moreover, popular fictions and general nonfictions are easier to be understood. In addition, science and art books demand certain knowledge in special field of study. As a result, more students te
16、nd to choose popular fictions and general nonfictions.As to me, Im in favor of books of science and technology. First of all, in order to deepen what Im leaning, I need read more books relevant to my major and observe the new development in science and technology circles. Besides, there books can al
17、so broaden my vision. To conclude, college students should choose books according to their interests and needs.,模板三： 1. has been brought into focus.（空格内填最近出现的总体现象 ） 2.Nowdays,.（空格内填现象的具体表现一） 3.In addition, .（现象的具体表现二 ） 4.Many reasons contribute to （过度到分析原因）,5. Generally speaking ,.（承上启下开始列举原因） 6.Fir
18、st of all,（原因之一） 7.More over,（原因二） 8.Therefore , （对原因一二进行总结） 9.As far as I am concerned,，（作者对现象的看法） 10.As we known ,（支持看法的理由一） 11.Furthermore,（理由二） 12.In a word, （总结）,对比选择型,基本方法为：阐述一种观点或态度并表明这种观点或态度正确的理由;阐述第二种(相对或相反的)观点或态度并说明这种观点或态度正确的理由;表明个人支持或反对以上观点或态度，并说明原因。,模板一： 1.Different people have different
19、 views on （开门见山直入主体，表明对某事人们的不同看法） 2. Some people prefer. （表明一部分人的看法） 3. Others tend to .（另一部分的看法） 4.As to me, I agree with /to （作者的看法）,5. Of course,. （承认不赞同的看法有一定的合理性） 6.For example,（举例说明支持第五句） 7.But, （转折指出这种观点的不足） 8.The following reasons can account for my preference（过度到下段具体阐述自己所支持的观点的理由） 9.The mai
20、n reason is .（支持观点的理由一） 10.A good example to illustrate is （举例说明理由一） 11.For another,（理由二） 12.From the foregoing,（总结全文，从长远看来）,模板一例文,A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (CET). Different people have different views on it. Some prefer to have su
21、ch a test. Others tend to decline any kind of test of spoken English. As to me, I agree with the first statement.,Of course, a test of spoken English is very difficult to handle and the test time is not long enough to fully display participants ability to spoken in English. For example, if a candida
22、te draws a topic which he or she is not familiar with, its hard to show his or her command of spoken English. But without such a test, some people may not have motivation to practise spoken English. The following reasons can account for my preference.The main reason is that such a test enhances coll
23、ege students awareness of the importance of spoken English. A good example to illustrate is that several years ago, college students only stressed reading and writing skills, ignoring to building up listening and speaking ability. For another, a certificate of such a test will make job-hunting easie
24、r. From the foregoing, I think a test of spoken English is of necessity.,模板二： 1.There is no complete agreement among people as to （开门见山直入主体，表明对某事人们的不同看法） 2. Some people consider,.（表明一部分人的看法） 3. However, others think, .（另一部分的看法） 4.Some people may say （观点一的理由） 5. They hold this opinion because.（深入阐述观点
25、一的理由）,6. However, others believe,（观点二的理由） 7.They argue that, （深入阐述观点二的理由） 8.Personally,I am in favor of the(我的看法) 9. Firstly, .(个人看法依据一) 10.Secondly,(个人看法依据二) 11.Most important of all (个人看法依据三) 12.Taking above-mentioned factors into consideration, we/I may reasonably conclude that (总结全文),模板三 1. When
26、 asked about ,different people will offer different opinion 2. Some people take it for granted that. 3. In their opinion, . 4. Besides (1)开门见山直入主体，表明对某事人们的不同看法。(2)提出观点一。(3)观点一的理由一。(4)观点一的理由二。,5. However, others hold. 6.They maintain 7.And 8.Weighing up these arguments, I am for 9. For one thing. 10.
27、For another, 11.For instance, 12.Therefore, as stated above (5)提出观点二。(6) 观点二的理由一。(7)观点二的理由二。(8)我的观点。(9)个人观点理由一。(10) 个人观点理由二。(11) 举例说明。(12)综上所述再次强调自己的观点。,模板三例文,A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (CET). When talking about it, different people
28、 will offer different opinions. Some people take it for granted that college students should take a test of spoken English. In their opinion, it is good chance for them to test their spoken English. Besides, it also make them know the importance of the spoken English.,However, others hold that a tes
29、t of spoken English is unnecessary in the university and colleges. They maintain that college students practice of spoken English is not for testing but for daily use. And they think it is hard to manage such a subjective test. Weighing up these two arguments, I am for the first point of view. For o
30、ne thing, spoken English is very important. For another, a test of spoken English can guide and supervise students to make conversation practice. For instance, when choosing books and other materials, students can pick them according to the bands of the test they want to take. Therefore, as stated a
31、bove, the first point of view can hold water.,问题解决型,基本方法为：提出问题分析问题解决问题,模板一 1. With the development/improvement of ,. 2. It is necessary that. 3. On the one hand, . 4. On the other hand, 5. Therefore, how to is worth paying attention. (1)空格一处铺垫，空格二处填写某一问题。(2)关注解决现象引出的问题很必要。(3)解决问题很必要的理由一。(4)解决问题很必要的理
32、由二。(5)承上启下，填要解决的问题。,6.Firstly 7.Secondly 8.For example, 9. Thirdly, . 10.In other words, 11.In fact, ways to are countless. 12.Its time that (6)解决办法一。(7) 解决办法二。(8)举例解释解决办法二。(9) 解决办法三。(10) 阐明解决办法三。(11)指出解决问题的办法多种多样。(12) 强调解决问题时不可待。,模板一例文,With the improvement of living standard, waste on campus is inc
33、reasingly serious. It is necessary that something should be done to reduce waste on campus. On the one hand, our waste has already caused a great loss of precious resources, such as water and electricity. On the other hand, our waste adds our parents as well as our society a burden.,Therefore, how t
34、o eliminate waste on campus is worth paying attention. Firstly, we should turn off the light when we leave our dorms or classrooms so as to save electricity as much as possible. Secondly, we should stop wasting water when we bath, or wash clothes and dishes. For example, we should use a basin when w
35、e clean faces. Thirdly, we should be economical. In other words, when go shopping, we should buy only what we really need. In fact, the ways to reduce waste on campus are countless. Its time that we cultivate the habit of thrift in every possible way.,模板二 1. There has been a discussion recently abou
36、t. 2. It is obvious that. 3. Additionally, . 4. So it is high time, 1提出现存的问题。 2解决问题很必要的理由一 3解决问题很必要的理由二。 4承上启下，说明解决问题的必要性。,5. First of all, 6.The reason is 7.Secondly 8.That is to say, 9. Thirdly, . 10.In fact, more than three ways can be adopted, 11.As for me, 12.All in all, 5解决办法一 6解决办法一的理由.。 7解决办
37、法二。8. 阐明解决办法二。 9. 解决办法三。 10. 指出解决问题的办法多种多样。 11. 小结解决问题的根本途径。 12. 总结全文。,模版二例文,There has been a discussion recently about waste on campus. It is obvious that a great loss of precious resources, such as water and electricity have been caused by waste. Additionally, our waste adds our parents and societ
38、y a burden. So it is high time that we took actions to reduce the waste on campus.,First of all, we should stop wasting water when we bath, or clean faces, or wash clothes and dishes. The reason is that there is a great shortage of water in the word. Secondly, we should be economical. That is to say
39、, when go shopping, we should buy only what we really need. Thirdly, we should turn off the light when we leave dorms or classrooms so as to save electricity as much as possible. In fact, more than three ways can be adopted. As for me, the cultivation of good habit of thrift is most important for al
40、l of us. All in all, every college student should join in the efforts to combat the waste on campus.,模板三 1. It is certain that. 2. For one reason,. 3. For another, . 4. However, some still puzzle on how to . 5. Here come some suggestions. 1提出问题及解决的必要性。 2解决问题很必要的理由一 3解决问题很必要的理由二。 4转折到如何解决问题。 5呈上指出解决问
41、题的方法很多。,6.To begin with, 7.Secondly 8.For instance, 9. Thirdly, . 10.That is because 11.The solutionvary according to different situations. 12.Therefore, 6解决办法一.。 7解决办法二。 8. 阐明解决办法二。9. 解决办法三。 10. 其理由。 11.解决问题的办法随具体情况不同而变化根本途径。 12. 总结全文，要灵活地依据具体情况处理问题。,观点论证型,基本方法为：分析主题得出结论举例论证得出结论(证明观点的正确性),模板一 1. It
42、 is true that. 2. However,. 3.I think. 4. can be listed as follow. 5. First of all, 6. Secondly 7.For example 8.Thirdly, 9. A case in point is . 10.It goes without saying that 11.There is no doubt that 12.In conclusion ,1提出普遍存在地观点。 2谈不同地观点。 3自己地观点，即文章地论点 4过度句，转折到观点地论证，由题目选择具体的词。 5论证理由一 6论证理由二。 7举例具体
43、说明理由二。 8. 论证理由三。 9. 举例说明理由三。 10. 提出执行该观点时应注意的事项。 11. 得出结论。 12. 总结全文。,模板二 1. Some people believe that. 2. The truth is deep and profound. 3. As we know,. 4. In addition,. 5. There are numerous examples 6. A case in point is 7.There is close to suggest 8.For another example 9.Moreover,. 10.All mention
44、ed above tell us 11.But one thing we have to notice is that 12.In a word, ,1直接提出本文的观点。 2进一步强度观点的正确性。 3论证理由一 4论证理由二 5承上启下。 6举例一具体论证。 7总结例一。8. 举例二具体论证。 9. 举例三具体论证。 10. 总结上下，重申论点。 11. 指出该论点应注意什么。 12. 总结全文。,模板二例文,Some people believe that many dishonesties, such as cheating, overcharging, fake commoditie
45、s, etc. ruin our normal life, and they maintain that being honest is not only beneficial to others but also to oneself. The truth is deep and profound. As we know, if one is honest, other people will deeply respect him or her, and are willing to make friends with him or her. In addition, being hones
46、t can make peoples life easier and more harmonious.,There are numerous examples supporting the argument. A case in point is that Singapore which is a society of trustworthiness and integrity has a comparatively low criminal rate. This is close to suggest that honesty can make our society more stable
47、, and all people can live a peaceful life there. For another example, buyers usually like to make a deal with the dealers they trust. Moreover, the dealer, such as Tongrentang Herbal Medicine Shop which runs business honestly is more likely survive the fierce market competition. All mentioned above
48、tell us that it is high time that we took action to fight against dishonesty. But one thing we have to notice is that sometimes we need white lies to comfort the patients who have suffered serious illness. In short, we should let the dishonesty have no place to stay in our society.,应用文作文,基本方法为：分析所给情
49、景选择写作方法描述事实 阐述原因 表明观点或提出建议,1. 建议信模板 Date Dear 1. I am delighted to learn that. 2. It. 3. In my opinion,. 4. On the one hand,. 5. On the other hand, 6. As to the, I suggest. 7.If 8.It is unnecessary for you to 9. In addition,. 10.I am sure 11.Please inform me 12.I am looking forward to Sincerely yours, Signature:XX,
