1、,Read and Explore,Unit 8 Intercultural Communication,Get Started,Listen and Respond,Optional Classroom Activities,Enhance YourLanguageAwareness,1. Do you sometimes find it difficult to adapt to a new environment? Why? 2. In films or in your personal experiences, you may have found Westerners behave
2、differently from us Chinese. Please give some examples to show the cultural differences. 3. Suppose one of your foreign friends comes to work in China. What suggestions would you give to help him settle down?,Work in groups of threes or fours and discuss the following questions.,Get Started-discussi
3、on,Study the following quotes about intercultural communication. Which quote(s) do you like best? Why?,Get Started-quotes,Variety is the very spice (香料) of life that gives it all its flavour. William Cowper,Interpretation: It is variety that makes life colourful and delightful.,Get Started-quotes 1,
4、Click Picture,I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all the lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any. Mahatma Gandhi,Interpretation: This quotation reveals Gandhis attitude t
5、owards cultural exchanges. He warmly welcomes the introduction of foreign cultures into his nation, but refuses to give up his own cultural identity or be carried away by them. Here, he compares his cultural origin to the ground he is standing on.,Get Started-quotes 2,Click Picture,If man is to surv
6、ive, he will have learned to take a delight in the essential differences between men and between cultures. He will learn that differences in ideas and attitudes are a delight, part of lifes exciting variety, not something to fear. Gene Roddenberry,Interpretation: This quotation tells us about the ri
7、ght attitude towards the differences between people and between cultures. We should not be frightened by the differences; instead, we should regard them as a delight because they make our world more exciting and colourful.,Get Started-quotes 3,Click Picture,Other nations of different habits are not
8、enemies: they are godsends. Men require of their neighbours something sufficiently akin (近似) to be understood, something sufficiently different to provoke (引起) attention, and something great enough to command admiration. We must not expect, however, all the virtues. Alfred North Whitehead,Interpreta
9、tion: Countries with different cultures should not be despised or resented. There is no universal criterion for virtue and every nation has its unique traits and strong points. We need people with cultures similar enough to ours so as to enable us to understand each other better, while, at the same
10、time, different enough to stimulate us. We cannot always expect to have advantages over others in everything.,Get Started-quotes 4,Click Picture,Watch the following video clip “Intercultural Communication Adventure with Little Pilot ” and then complete the tasks that follow:,click here,( ) How peopl
11、e see each other is influenced by their cultural backgrounds. ( ) People from other cultures may understand your words in different ways. ( ) Learning to behave accordingly in different cultures may be helpful in todays global business environment. ( ) According to the video, to understand another c
12、ulture, learning its language is absolutely necessary. ( ) To develop cultural intelligence, you should be willing to undertake a global travel.,Please decide whether each of the following statements is true (T) or false (F) based on the information in the video clip.,video,T,T,T,F,F,video,2. Althou
13、gh people are quite familiar with the saying “When in Rome, do as the Romans do”, many of them still regard their own conventions as the standard and complain about other cultures when travelling abroad. Do you think that the activeness in learning and understanding a different culture will help a l
14、ot to overcome cultural shock? Why or why not? (Open.),stamp vt. bring the foot or feet down hard; step with force 跺脚；用力踩clap vt. bring (your open hands) together with a quick movement and loud sound, especially to show approval of a performance 拍（手）；鼓掌immodest a. fml showing or tending to express a
15、 high opinion of oneself and ones abilities, perhaps higher than is really deserved 正式傲慢的，不谦虚的,Listen and Respond Word Bank,L&R 1,pat vt. touch or strike gently and repeatedly with the flat hand or a flat object, often to show, friendliness, sympathy, etc. （用手或扁平物）轻拍，轻打（表示友好、同情等）insult vt. be rude t
16、o or treat with lack of respect; offend 侮辱；冒犯rotate vi. (cause to) turn round a fixed point or axis （使）旋转，转动Bulgaria n. 保加利亚,L&R 1,cause offence to sb. 得罪某人 Thailander n. 泰国人,Choose the best answer to each of the following questions according to the information contained in the listening passage.,L&
17、R 2,L&R 2,What should you do when you are traveling abroad according to the speaker? _,A) Get to know about the manners of the foreign country. B) Try to remember your own manners. C) Read some books about the manners of that country. D) Observe closely the foreigners manners.,L&R 2,2. How do Americ
18、ans feel when Chinese point to the nose to indicate “me”? _,A) They think it strange. B) They feel it funny. C) They find it amazing. D) They feel puzzled.,L&R 2,3. Who never bothers to use two hands to give or receive a gift? _,A) Chinese. B) Bulgarians. C) Indians. D) Americans.,L&R 2,4. To Indian
19、s, what is the left hand used for? _,A) Serving dishes. B) Passing food at table. C) Washing themselves. D) Showing disagreement.,L&R 2,5. What does the passage mainly tell us? _,A) It is necessary to adapt to different cultures. B) Cultural misunderstanding is common today. C) Cultural differences
20、are a worthy topic to study. D) People of different cultures may have different manners.,L&R 3,Listen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.,When Chinese stamp their feet to , Americans interpret this as . Chinese for themselves after a speech. Americ
21、ans may see this as . Americans may pat other adults on the head to show , or . This behavior could insult Chinese.,showing impatience,_,L&R 3,show anger,sympathy,encouragement,being immodest,affection,clap,_,_,_,_,_,_,A visitor to would do well to remember that people there think it impolite to use
22、 the for passing food at table. Also in India, you might see a man apparently at the other to show that he is disagreeing. But in many other parts of India a rotatingof the is to show . In Europe it is quite usual to while sitting and talking to someone, even at an important meeting. But doing this
23、could to a Thailander.,L&R 3,India,left hand,shaking,his head,movement,head,agreement,cross your legs,cause offence,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,What causes culture shock according to the author? How does an individual feel when he or she enters a strange culture? How do people react to the frustration and anx
24、iety caused by culture shock? What is the relationship between culture and the individual? What is ethnocentrism and what characterizes it? What can we do to get over culture shock as quickly as possible?,Main Idea,Exercise 1: Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.,
25、Main Idea,Exercise 2: Text A can be divided into three parts with the paragraph number(s) of each part provided as follows. Write down the main idea of each part.,Main Idea,She was angry, yet the boys father encouraged him to throw sand.,We might call culture shock a disease which is caused by the f
26、rustration and anxiety resulting from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse.,Culture shock is due to our own lack of understanding of other peoples cultural background and our lack of the means of communication rather than the hostility of an alien environment.,To get over
27、culture shock, we should get to know the people of the host country and their language; we should find out what they do, how they do it, and what their interests are, etc. But understanding the ways of a people does not mean that we have to give up our own.,People tend to experience frustration and
28、anxiety when they enter a new culture. This phenomenon is often referred to as “culture shock”. How and why does it happen? What is the nature of “culture shock”? And how can we cope with it? Kalervo Oberg provides us with some answers.,In-Depth,1 We might almost call culture shock an occupational d
29、isease of people who have been suddenly . Like most ailments it has its own cause, symptoms, and cure.,In-Depth,Culture ShockKalervo Oberg,abroad,transplanted,2 Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. These signs
30、 or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situations of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to give orders to servants, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to t
31、ake statements seriously and when not. These cues which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for our peace of mind
32、and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues.,In-Depth,3 Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded you may be, a series of props have been knocked from under you, followed by a fe
33、eling of frustration and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort: “The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad.” When Americans or other foreigners in a strange land get together to complain a
34、bout the host country and its people you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock. Another phase of culture shock is regression. The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance. To an American everything American becomes irrationally glorified. All the difficulties and problem
35、s are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.,In-Depth,4 In an effort to get over culture shock, there is some value in knowing something about the nature of culture and its relationship to the individual. In addition to
36、 living in a physical environment, an individual lives in a cultural environment consisting of man-made physical objects, social institutions, and ideas and beliefs. An individual is not born with culture but only with the capacity to learn it and use it. There is nothing in a new born child which d
37、ictates that it should eventually speak Portuguese, English, or French; nor that he should eat with a fork in his left hand rather than in the right or use chopsticks. All these things the child has to learn. Nor are the parents responsible for the culture which they transmit to their young. The cul
38、ture of any people is the product of history and is over time largely through processes which are beyond his awareness. It is by means of culture that the young learn to adapt themselves to the physical environment and to the people with whom they associate. And as we know, children and adolescents
39、often experience difficulties in this process of learning and adjustment. But once learned, culture becomes a way of life.,In-Depth,built up,5 People have a way of accepting their culture as both the best and the only way of doing things. This is perfectly normal and understandable. To this attitude
40、 we give the name ethnocentrism, a belief that not only the culture but the race and the nation form the center of the world. Individuals identify themselves with their own group to the extent that any critical comment is taken as a remark which is rude to the individual as well as to the group. If
41、you criticize my country, you are criticizing me; if you criticize me, you are criticizing my country. Along with this attitude goes the tendency to attribute all individual peculiarities as national characteristics. For instance, if an American does something odd or anti-social in a foreign country
42、 which back home would be considered a purely individual act, this is now considered a national trait. He acts that way not because he is Joe Doaks but because he is an American. Instead of being censured as an individual, his country is censured. It is thus best to recognize that ethnocentrism is a
43、 permanent characteristic of national groups. Even if a national criticizes some aspect of his own culture, the foreigner should listen but not enter into the criticism.,In-Depth,6 Once you realize that your trouble is due to your own lack of understanding of other peoples cultural background and yo
44、ur own lack of the means of communication rather than the hostility of an alien environment, you also realize that you yourself can gain this understanding and these means of communication. And the sooner you do this, the sooner culture shock will disappear.,In-Depth,7 The question now arises, what
45、can you do to get over culture shock as quickly as possible? The answer is getting to know the people of the host country. But this you cannot do with any success without knowing the language, for language is the principal symbol system of communication. Now we all know that learning a new language
46、is difficult, particularly to adults. This task alone is quite enough to cause frustration and anxiety, no matter how skillful language teachers are in making it easy for you. But once you begin to be able to carry on a friendly conversation with your maid, your neighbour, or to go on shopping trips
47、 alone, you not only gain confidence and a feeling of power but a whole new world of cultural meanings for you.,In-Depth,opens up,8 You begin to find out what people do, how they do it, and what their interests are. People usually express these interests by what they habitually talk about and how th
48、ey allocate their time and money. Once you know this value or interest pattern it will be quite easy to get people to talk to and be interested in you.,In-Depth,9 At times it is helpful to be a participant observer by joining the activities of the people, to try to share in their responses, whether
49、this be a carnival, a religious ritual, or some economic activity. Yet the visitor should never forget that he or she is an outsider and will be treated as such. He or she should view this participation as a role playing. Understanding the ways of a people is essential but this does not mean that you have to give up your own. What happens is that you have developed two patterns of behavior.,
