1、Unit 8 Global Focus,外国语学院 高级英语阅读备课组,Objectives,2. To master the use of some words and phrases.,3. To awaken up the sense of patriotism and national delegation.,1. To understand the main idea of the text.,Section A Remembering, Never to Forget,Contents,Pre-reading:A general review of the Anti-Japanes
2、e War.While-reading:Fast reading of the text and some comprehension questions. Analysis of language points and long sentences.Related exercises after the text.Post-reading:Have a group discussion.Homework:,Comprehension Questions,1. Why was a grand gathering held in Beijing on September 3 ? To comme
3、morate the 60th anniversary of victory over Japanese aggression. 2. What are the main points of President Hus speech at the commemorative meeting?Keep history in mind, never forget the past, cherish peace and create a better future. 3. What time is recognized as the start of World War II by the West
4、?1939. 4. How many countries signed the Declaration on January 1, 1942?26 countries. 5. Where were the war criminal of Nazi Germany tried?At the Nuremberg International Military Tribunal.,A Brief Review of Some Major Events during the Anti-Japanese War,The Lugouqiao Incidenent 1937 On July 7th 1937,
5、the Luogouqiao Incident occured,and the nationwide Anti-Japanese War started. On July 8th,the CPC Central Committee(中共中央） published an open telegram to the nation calling on the people to resist Japanese aggression.,Nanjing Massacre,On December 13 Nanjing fell. The Japanese army was so cruel that Ch
6、inese people killed or buried alive totaled more than 300,000. These deaths and more than 20,000 rape cases made up the world-shocking “Nanjing Massacre.“,Killing Competition,The Battle of Taierzhuang (1938) From March 23 to April 6 ,the Chinese army won a big victory in Taierzhuang in Shangdong Pro
7、vince ,in which it wiped out more than 20,000 of the army.,Hundred-Regiment Compaign(1940),From August 20 to December 5,The Eighth Route Army launched 100 regiments of 400,000 men in a battle in north China. This battle, popularly called “Hundred-Regiment Campaign,“ was the biggest attack led by the
8、 Chinese Communist Party. it played an important role in the anti-Japanese war.,On August 15 ,1945,the emperor of Japan addressed his nation by radio announcing acceptance of the Potsdam Proclamation(波茨坦公告) and Japans unconditional surrender to China.,Text Structure Analysis,Part One (Para.1-Para.4)
9、: Introduction of Chinas commemorative gathering Para1-2: background and purpose of the grand gathering Para3-4: Former President Hus speech on the significance of commemorating the victory,Part Two (Para.5-Para.10) Comments on the commemorative events home and abroad Para.5: brief views of represen
10、tatives on these events Para.6-10: comments reported by some Japanese Newspapers,Part Three (Para.11-Para.20) Chinas role in World War Two Para.11-Para.12: the important role of China both in the eastern battleground and in the World Anti-Fascist War Para.13-Para.18: a brief review of the Anti-Japan
11、ese War Para.19: Chinas involvement in the establishment of the UN Para.20: summary of Part Three,Part Four (Para.21-Para.33) Chinas wish for a peaceful future Para.21-Para. 23 the essence of “remembering, never to forget” Para.24-Para.26 Chinas attitude toward the aggressive forces and demand for a
12、 responsible attitude from the Japanese Government Para.27-Para.29 reaffirmation of Chinas policy of promoting Sino-Japanese relationship Para.30-Para.32 emphasis on the just nature of Nuremberg and the Far East Trial Para.33 Chinas commitment to the promotion of the Sino-Japanese friendship and coo
13、peration,Language Points,1.Commemorating the 60th anniversary of victory over Japanese aggression, Chinese president recalls the past and emphasizes continued peace (subtitle) commemorate : v. keep or honor the memory of (a person or event)Christmas commemorates the birth of Christ.A monument was bu
14、ilt to commemorate the victory. Note: Please pay attention to the derivatives of this verb in the following text:commemorative adj. (Para.6)commemoration n. (Para.5),2. Sixty years ago, Japan surrendered to Allied countries on September 2, 1945, with the official signing ceremony of the instrument o
15、f surrender held in Tokyo Bay on the American battleship USS Missouri. (Para.1)Note: Here “with” is followed by a past participate in this sentence. Other examples:All afternoon, he worked with the door locked.That year ended with nothing settled.surrender :give up We shall never surrender. We advis
16、ed hijackers to surrender themselves to the police.,3. The Chinese president continued that the great victory won 60 years ago determined the future of the world and has been and will forever be engraved in the minds of all people who love peace and justice.(Para 4) Note: “won 60 years ago” in the s
17、entence is a past participle phrase used as an attribute modifying “the great victory”. 4.The paper said, apart from the sever criticism of certain Japanese figures distorting history and whitewashing the war of aggression, Hu emphasized (Para. 9)Note: “whitewash” is used figuratively, which means t
18、ry to make ones reputation appear blameless by covering up ones faults.,5. .Japan embarked on a road of militarism and launched or participated in a number of wars of aggression, most of which were against China.(para.12)embark on :start, take part inE.G. embark upon a new business undertakingmilita
19、rism : 军国主义E.G.1 There were also remnants of militarism. 还有军阀主义残余. E.G.2He had accused them of deliberately reviving militarism. 他曾指控他们蓄意复活军国主义. E.G.3 We sincerely hope that this is the end of militarism. 我们真诚希望,这是军国主义的末日.,6. Together with far-sighted Japanese political figures and personages from v
20、arious walks of life, we normalized relations between our two countries,” Hu said.(Para.30)walks of life: calling, profession, occupationThey interviewed people from walks of life. 7. Hu also stressed that the just nature of Nuremberg and the Far East trials is unshakable and allows for no challenge
21、. (para30) trial :1) examination in a law court before a judgeE.g The judge conducted four trials in one day2)when testedE.g The new clerk was found on trials in one day3)testing, trying provingE.g The ship performed well during her trials.4)sth or sb troulesome or annoyingE.g Life is full of little
22、 trials.,Discussion,What does war bring to human beings? What can we do in order to promote the Sino-Japanese friendship?,善为士者，不武；善战者，不怒；善胜敌者，不与。 -老子道德经A good solider is not violent; a good fighter is not angry; a good winner is not vengeful.,Translation of Related Quotes,2. There has never been a g
23、ood war and a bad peace. -Benjamin Franklin从来没有一场好的战争和一个坏的和平。,3. War doesnt tell us who is right-only who is left. -Bertrand Russell(British mathematician, historian, philosopher, etc)战争并没有确定谁是正确的，只是谁还活着。,4. You cannot prevent and prepare for war at the same time. -Albert Einstein你不能同时阻止又准备战争。,5. If
24、 everyone demanded peace instead of another TV set, wed have peace.-John Lennon如果每个人都祈求和平而不是一台新的电视机，那么世界就会和平。,Anti-war logo,World Peace Day,Theme for World Peace Day 2013,Objectives,2. To master the use of some words and phrases.,3. To arouse the sense of environmental protection.,1. To understand t
25、he main idea of the text.,Section D Is Bird Flu a National Disaster or Human-made Calamity?,Contents,Pre-reading:Introduce the basic knowledge of bird flu.While-reading:Read through the text and answer some comprehension questions. Go through some language points.Complete the written exercisesPost-r
26、eading:Have a group discussion.Homework:,Reading Comprehension,1. What is WHO short for? 2. Who are carrying the H5N1 virus? _ 3. Who have questioned the solution of killing birds en masse? _ 4. How do human beings differ from animals? _ 5. Why do some countries suffer from natural disasters? _,It i
27、s short for World Health Organization.,The migratory birds,People who believe that animals should be treated as humans,They differ in terms of the degree of emotions and rationality.,They suffer because they sacrifice the eco-system for the sake of rapid economic development.,Basic Knowledge of Bird
28、 Flu,What is the influenza A(H7N9) virus? Influenza A H7 viruses are a group of influenza viruses that normally circulate among birds. The influenza A(H7N9) virus is one subgroup among the larger group of H7 viruses. Although some H7 viruses (H7N2, H7N3 and H7N7) have occasionally been found to infe
29、ct humans, no human infections with H7N9 viruses have been reported until recent reports from China. 甲型流感的H7病毒是一组通常在鸟类中传播的流感病毒。甲型H7N9流感病毒属于H7病毒大类下的一个亚群。虽然偶尔会有某些H7病毒(H7N2、H7N3、H7N7)感染人类的报告，但过去没有人类感染H7N9病毒的报告，直到中国最近报告出现了这种病例。,What are the main symptoms of human infection with influenza A(H7N9) virus?,
30、Thus far, most patients with this infection have had severe pneumonia. Symptoms include fever, cough and shortness of breath. However, information is still limited about the full spectrum of disease that infection with influenza A(H7N9) virus might cause. 到目前为止，感染H7N9病毒的绝大多数病人会出现严重肺炎，症状包括发烧、咳嗽、气短。不过
31、，对于感染甲型H7N9流感病毒后可能产生的全部症状的认知仍是有限的。,All three viruses are influenza A viruses but they are distinct from each other. H7N9 and H5N1 are considered animal influenza viruses that sometimes infect people. H1N1 viruses can be divided into those that normally infect people and those that normally infect an
32、imals. 这三种病毒都是甲型流感病毒，但它们有明显区别。H7N9和H5N1被认为是动物流感病毒，只是偶尔会感染人类。H1N1病毒可以分为通常感染人类与通常感染动物的两种。,How did people become infected with the influenza A(H7N9) virus?,Some of the confirmed cases had contact with animals or with an animal environment. The virus has been found in a pigeon in a market in Shanghai. I
33、t is not yet known how persons became infected. The possibility of animal-to-human and person-to-person transmission is being investigated. 一些已被确认的病例有与动物或者动物所处环境接触的经历。上海禽类市场的鸽子中发现了H7N9病毒。但人是如何被感染的尚不清楚。现在正在调查动物传染人的可能性，以及人传人的可能性。,How can infection with influenza A(H7N9) virus be prevented?,Although bo
34、th the source of infection and the mode of transmission are uncertain, it is prudent to follow basic hygienic practices to prevent infection. They include hand and respiratory hygiene and food safety measures. 尽管感染的来源及传播模式尚不能确定，但注意以下基本卫生来预防感染是一种谨慎的做法，包括手部卫生、呼吸卫生、食品安全措施.,The virus has so far only bee
35、n transmitted to humans in isolated cases. (Para.1)so far: until now; up to the present momentE.G. So far the work has been easy.So far theres been no word from them. 至今没有他们的消息。,下一页,Language Points,下一页,上一页,2. SARS (Para. 1)Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS) is a viral(病毒的) respiratory illness c
36、aused by a corona virus, called SARS-associated corona (冠状) virus (SARS-CoV). SARS was first reported in Asia in February 2003. Over the next few months, the illness spread to more than two dozen countries in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia before the SARS global outbreak of 2003 was
37、contained.,下一页,上一页,3. Since the first case of bird flu was confirmed in 2003, a total of 150 million birds worldwide have died from the illness, excluding the significant number of birds culled in an attempt to curb bigger outbreaks.cull: v. remove rejected members or parts from (a herb, for example
38、)E.G. Deer are culled by hunters.The herb must be culled.curb: v. check, restrain, or controlE.G. He can not cub his impatience.句意：自2003年第一例禽流感出现，全世界约有1.5亿只禽鸟因该病死亡，因此而遭到扑杀的禽类更是不计其数。,下一页,上一页,4. Despite the current global climate of fear, some people question the strategy of killing birds en masse, be
39、lieving that animals should be treated as humans; and if they must be killed, they should be handled as humanely as possible. (Para. 3)句意：尽管禽流感在全球引起恐慌，有人却对大量扑杀禽鸟这一解决方案提出质疑。他们认为应该像对待人类一样地善待动物，即使是不得已而杀之，也要尽可能地处理得人道一点儿。,下一页,上一页,5. Some believe that recent diseases transmitted from animals to humans, in
40、cluding bird flu and SARS, are a result of human destruction of the eco-system and maltreatment of animals, or from people living too closely with animals in unsanitary conditions. (Para.4) Note: An eco-system is a system involving interacting populations of species within a particular environment.
41、An eco-system is considered part of the ecosphere and an object of ecology. 句意：有人认为，最近由动物传染到人的疾病，包括禽流感和SARS，也许就是因为人类不善待动物破坏了生态平衡，又或者是因为人与动物太过接近，不注意卫生而导致的恶果。,下一页,上一页,6. Correspondingly, these individuals argue that the current bird flu outbreak is more of a man-made calamity than a natural disaster.
42、(Para. 4) Note: Here “more of -than-” is similar to “more than”, except that “more of” is followed by noun, indicating the nature or quality of the subject. 句意：因此，这些人认为禽流感的爆发虽是天灾，也许更是人祸。,下一页,上一页,7. With campaigns to protect animal welfare and rights, people have reached a consensus that animals are
43、earth dwellers just like human beings, and they have their rights. (Para.5)reach a consensus: reach a general agreement or accord by a group as a whole or by majority willE.G. The voters reached a consensus that the measure should be adopted.What consensus did the afternoon meeting reach?,下一页,上一页,8.
44、 Currently, bird flu has posed a threat to the health of human beings. (Para.7)pose a threat: present a possible danger or menace to E.G. Pollution poses a threat to the continued existence of this species.污染对这一五中的继续生存造成了威胁。,9. Many people believe that human beings are completely different from anim
45、als, and superior to them. (Para.8)superior to: better than; higher in rank or position thanE.G. This Western restaurant is superior to the one we went to last week.C.F. inferior to: lower in rank or social position, importance, quality thanE.G. A cheaper camera is not always inferior to a more expe
46、nsive one.,10. But any person who raises a pet can refute them, backed by his or her experience of living with a pet. (para.8)back: v. adduce evidence in support of; supportE.G. back the argument with factsThe organization is backed by the UN.,11. People should reflect on not only their attitudes to
47、ward human-animal relations but also relations between humans and nature. (Para.9)reflect on: form or express carefully considered thoughts aboutE.G. reflects on her countrys place in historyI often reflect on the beauty and complexity of life.,12. We can trap and kill all existence by a single net.
48、 But one day we will be trapped by our own net. (Para.12)句意：人类自我编织的杀戮之网可以笼罩在地球上所有生命的头上，但终有一天，它将把人类同样捆绑其中。,13. After having a close look at economic development in these disaster-stricken areas, we may draw the conclusion that the countries and regions that sacrifice the ecosystem for the sake of rap
49、id economic development suffer most from natural disaster. (Para.14)for the sake of: for the welfare of benefit of E.G. We must be patient for the sake of peace.为了和平我们必须忍耐。 句意：如果再联系一下这些灾难频发地区的经济发展情势，人们可以发现这样一个现象-越是以牺牲生态环境为代价换取经济发展速度的地区，越是多发天灾。,Discussion,Is haze/smog (雾霾) a natural disaster or a human-made disaster?,
