1、大学英语四级考试辅导讲座,2010年6月1日,Brief introduction,考试时间: 125分数: 710及格:NO成绩报告单:220 口语报考资格:550六级报考线: 425,Contents,四级考试各部分测试内容、题型、时间和所占比例,一、写作(15%),一）英语四级作文要求：2007年新出台的大学英语课程教学要求把大学英语教学要求分为三个层次，即：一般要求，较高要求和更高要求。其中一般要求是每个大学生必须达到的目标，也可视作英语四级过关的基本要求。一般要求：能完成一般性写作任务，能描述个人经历、观感、情感和发生的事件等、能写常见的应用文、能就一般性话题或提纲在半小时内写出不少
2、于120词的短文，内容基本完整，用词恰当，语义连贯。能掌握基本的写作技能。,一、写作(15%),一）英语四级作文要求：较高要求：能就一般性的主题表达个人观点，能写所学专业论文的英文摘要，能撰写所学专业的英语小论文。能描写各种图表，能在半小时内写出不少于160词的短文，内容完整，条理清晰，文理通顺。更高要求：能就一般性的主题比较自如地表达个人观点，做到文章结构清晰，内容丰富、逻辑性强。能用英语撰写所学专业的简短的报告和论文。能在半小时内写出不少于200词的说明文或议论文，内容完整，文理通顺，思想表达清楚。,四级考试作文 作文题型,纵览历年的作文试题，我们可以发现论说文占绝大多数，但有时也会有应用
3、文和叙述文等体裁。就话题而言，主要有三大类：社会热门话题、校园话题和日常生活话题。以下是历年作文题的汇总与统计。,一、写作,四）历年真题2004.01 -应用文：A Letter in Reply to a Friend2004.06 -应用文：A Brief Introduction to A Tourist Attraction(导游词)2005.01 -应用文：A Campaign Speech(演讲词)2005.06 -叙议文：An Incident2005.12 -论说文：Should the University Campus be Open to Tourists?2006.06
4、-应用文： Write a Poster Recruiting Volunteers2006.12-议论文：Spring Festival Gala on CCTV2007.06应用文：Welcome to our club(欢迎词)2007.12论说文：Electives to choose2008.06论说文：Recreational Activities2008.12论说文：Limiting the use of disposable plastic bags2009.6-论说文：Free admission to museums,一、写作,四）历年真题2005.12 -论说文：Shou
5、ld the University Campus be Open to Tourists?Part V Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? You should write at Least 120 words following the outline given below : 1名校校园正成为旅游新热点 2校园是否
6、应对游客开放，人们看法不同 3我认为 Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?,一、写作,四）历年真题2006.06-应用文： Write a Poster Recruiting Volunteers Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a poster recruiting volunteers. You should write at Least 120 words following the outline given below :1校学生
7、会将组织一次暑假志愿者活动，现招募志愿者2本次志愿者活动的目的、活动安排等3报名条件及联系方式Volunteers Needed,四）历年真题2006.12-议论文：Spring Festival Gala on CCTVDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Spring Festival Gala on CCTV. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1.
8、许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会3. 我的看法,一、写作,2007.06-应用文：An Announcement to Welcome Students to Join a Club(演讲告示)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an announcement to welcome students to join a club. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1. 本社
9、团的主要活动内容2. 参加本社团的好处3. 如何加入本社团,一、写作,一、写作 论说文：（2007-12）,What electives to choose 1、各大学开设了各种各样的选修课 2、学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课 3、以你自己为例,五）命题趋势：2001年1月以前：说明文、论说文为主，少有应用文2001年6月-2007年6月：应用文为主（书信、演讲词、海报告示）说明文、论说文、记叙文为辅2007年12月以来及未来趋势：时效性强的论说文、与学生生活及未来就业有关的应用文（如 求职函、投诉函及对投诉函的回信等）,一、写作,一、写作,常见体裁：1. 图表说明文2. 议论文3. 应用
10、文,六）写作策略1. 段首句作文 （即主题句作文 ）应对策略: -确定主题和中心；-审清题目和所给段首句；-写好扩展句，句子语言正确，句型多样化；-提供具体例证（即次要扩展句）说明主题句，避免空洞无物论点；-句与句、段与段之间的过渡和照应 （启呈转合）；-段落首尾及文章首尾的呼应。,一、写作,六）写作策略2. 标题与提纲作文（中或英文提纲，问题式提纲）应对策略：-理解题目与提纲中所提供的信息；-确定文章题材；-利用提纲中提供的信息并搜罗更多有关素材；-围绕题目发展、充实提纲； -写作时切勿照搬抄译 要整体安排；,一、写作,3.图表系型作文题型介绍：图表式作文是四级考试中较难的一种作文类型。它要
11、求考生根据图表所给出的信息，写出所要表达主题的作文。图表式作文最大的特点是所给的信息表达很集中，给人以一目了然之感。图表式作文一般可分三段来写：第一段描述出图表反映的总情况，用能充分说明主题的典型数据来描写。第二段对数字进行仔细的分析比较，归纳出增减速率并找出产生变化的原因。第三段写读图表后的想法和评论，从而得出自己的结论。,图表图画类作文,图表和图画作文在近年出现的比率大，考生也应该对这两类作文形式加以关注。写作在考试形式上也越考越灵活，总体上放弃了机械做题，避免考生猜题、押题，每年出题都在求变，考生就应该把握题型规律，掌握模式化语言，以不变应万变。 背范文、照搬句子在现在的写作考试中已经不
12、那么有效了，但是如果能掌握写作的框架结构和精彩句型就能占据一部分优势，这些将构筑起一篇文章以及亮出它的“闪光点”，得到评卷老师的欣赏。,六）写作策略3. 图表说明文（图片与图表）应对策略：写好标题第一段：描述图表（忌流水帐，利用比较典型的数据或例子）第二段：分析因果第三段：做出结论与预测发展趋势，或得出启示、 提出建议或解决方法,一、写作,图表作文的写作要看清数据的变化，通过坐标和图表纵横比较说明事实，并且从表面看到实质，了解变化反映的深层意义。 图画作文的难点在于对图画信息的描述是否准确。然后要点破图画的寓意，分析背后的原因，这是文章的重头戏，所以在复习中就要多看些报刊文摘的图片，多关注社会
13、热点也是很好的锻炼方式。,Bar graph,Changes in Chinas Foreign Trade,Circle graph (Pie chart),Line graph,picture graph “Good Example”,图表图画类作文写作技巧,一.写作要旨 1. 弄清题意，看作文属于下面哪一种： A. 单纯描述解释图表曲线，按图表所示内容如实表达，不加评论。 B. 通过叙述图表（或图画）中的内容和数字变化来分析原因，发表议论。,二. 写作步骤,1. 审题和分析图表曲线；描述图表，得出结论； 2. 紧扣主题句，将图表，数字变为信息；分析原因，发表议论； 3. 提出建议或得出结
14、论。,三. 掌握技巧,1. 对表格，图形，数据。分类，横线，纵线及百分比等代表什么，要先弄清楚； 2. 适当运用描述图表的规范用语。 3. 学会看趋势，找规律；从整体看图表有何发展变化，找出特点，规律； 4. 注意用数字获取信息，将代表发展趋势的数字变为文字，并加以叙述； 5.抓典型，讲原因，不需描述所有的信息； 6.必须基于图表所给事实，按情理得出结论，做到自圆其说，具有说服力。,图表作文的常用词,上升：increase rise ascend core surge go up climb mount level up 下降: decrease fall drop descend decli
15、ne reduce lessen level down 平稳:stable steady remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to,最高点:the highest, the top, the summit, the peak ,the most 最低点:bottom, less ,least ,rock bottom 平均:mean, average 趋势:tendency, trend, inclination 预见:prediction 达到顶峰: mount to,在*中占*:*gain the percentage of 有一个稳定的
16、过程:a stable period can be seen,波动:fluctuate /fluctuation /rise and falls up and down 占:occupy /take up /account for /gain 而:while/ however /whereas /on the other hand /actually/in fact 相比:by contract /on the contrary likewise/ compared with,一些常用表达： A.柱形图Increase/ rise/go up / drop /decrease decline
17、B.饼图*is divided/s into several parts *consume the largest portion *accounting for* *(百分比)of *is* *play a very important role in * C.线形图From this point Drop/increase dramatically a modest /rapid increase,1.以时间为比较基础的应抓住“变化”：上升，下降，或是波动，题中对两个或两个以上的变量进行描述时应在此基础上进行比较，如变量多于两个应进行分类或有侧重的比较，2.不以时间为比较基础的应注意对极点
18、的描述,写作模板图表式作文 It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of (多少).,What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are
19、 (多少) reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, (第一个原因). More importantly, (第二个原因). Most important of all, (第三个原因).,From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graphic/table will continu
20、e for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).,图表图画类作文常用表达法,描述图表内容： 1. According to the figures shown in the table/graph we can see/conclude that 2. The graph shows/tells us/ reveals that 3. As is shown/ can be seen in the chart 4. The table is/gives information abou
21、t 5. The tables represent the development and changes in In the past 10 years. 6. After considering the information in the graph we might conclude that,描述增减变化,1. Compared with the number of 1999 It still increased by 3896, with an increasing proportion of 2%. 2. The number ofgrew/rose from to 3. The
22、 amount ofwill rise/show a tendency to increase. 4. The population will amount to 1200 million in 2000.,5. No increase is shown in 1965; then came a sharp increase of eight million. 6. A is more/less expensive than B. 7. As production was more/less than that of B. 8. In 1990 the number remained the
23、same/ dropped to,描述时间：,1. Over the period from 1987 to 1994 2. During the past half century 3. In the three years spanning from 1985 through 1987 4. Between 1987 and 1997,图表图画类作文第一段写作公式：,It can be seen that From the graph (chart,curve,picture) The graph shows that The statistics in the graph indicat
24、es You can find the tendency in the chart that,图表图画类作文第二段写作公式：,What are the reasons for it? There are a few reasons or ways. The explaining are The solutions include First (of all) also second, in addition, furthermore 从上面所讲中大家应该知道作文的套路，万变不离其中，再加上平时的积累，相信大家不会在作文中失分太多。,图表图画类作文第三段写作公式：,Then/However to
25、 me/for me/to my point of view, as far as I am concerned, for one thing, for the other/for another (thing),六）写作策略4. 议论文 （argumentation）应对策略：-着重发表自己看法、用自己的论点来劝说、影响和说服读者； -三段式提出问题、分析问题（用充分的论据来论证自己的观点）、得出结论；-观点要鲜明理论事实有力充分逻辑性强（做好启、承、转、合）用词用句恰当明确,一、写作,九句话模板,1. 引导句（套入标题）,2. 主题句,3. 展开句（简单描述）,4. 主题句（提出论点）,5
26、.6.7.,论据1论据2论据3,8. 总结句（概括全文）,9. 结束句（重复主题,第一段,第二段,第三段,Class work,套用九句话模板,Stop Smoking,（1）吸烟的问题越来越受到人们的关注 （2）吸烟的害处 （3）你的想法,Model,(1) There has never been an agreement as to the issue of smoking. (2) Recently, however, more and more people begin to pay attention to this question. (3) They have realized
27、 that smoking does great harm to health.,Model,(4) The harm of smoking can be seen from the following. (5) First, it can cause cancer. (6) Second, it pollutes the environment. (7) Third, it causes great waste of money.,Model,(8) In short, smoking does great harm to health. (9) Effective measures sho
28、uld be taken to stop smoking.,六）写作策略5. 应用文写作书信：注意文体格式及语言特点注意信封的写法注意信内格式 信头 (Letter head writers name and address)日期 (Date)封内地址 (Addressees address)开头称呼语 (Salutation)正文 (Body)结束敬语 (Complimentary close)署名 (Signature),一、写作,四级作文常见的十大症结,1. 大小写，标点符号，拼写错误; 2. 卷面不洁，字迹潦草，用铅笔写作； 3. 语法和结构错误，造成文章结构松散，脱 节； 4. 代词
29、，连接词或逻辑顺序词错用，而造成文章的逻辑混乱； 5. 用中文思维加英文翻译所造成的语句生硬，错误；,5. 文不对题，部分跑题或主题不突出所造成 的文章不切题现象。 6. 词汇量匮乏，文章中难见高分词汇； 7. 语法不通，复合句使用错误多且表达不清； 8. 句型单一、句子无变化，表达方式单调; 9. 不会正确使用常用套语，文章缺少层次感； 10. 作文普遍缺乏文采，打动人的杰作奇缺。,总结,外语习得者要消灭写句子时的错误通常是不可能的，但是朝少犯错误、不犯严重错误的方向而努力奋斗，这应该是受到鼓励和劳有所报的过程。正确无误的句子的标准如下：,正确无误的句子标准,1. 保持句子结构完整。2. 首
30、字母要大写。3. 结尾要有句号或问号或感叹号或省略号。4. 句子应表达一个完整的意思。5. 句子前后要符合逻辑推理。6. 主语为代词时要指代明晰。7. 句子时态要正确，主要指前后一致或符合 上下文场景。,检查语法,1. 动词 时态，语态是否正确 2. 名词 单数、复数、可数、不可数，专有名词大小写 3. 主谓一致 分清主句和从句，使各自的主谓一致 4. 形容词、副词 用法是否正确，比较级与最高级是否得当 5. 介词、连词 搭配是否正确 6. 其他关联词 用法是否正确 7. 单词拼写 8. 标点符号,表示原因的常用句型,1）There are three reasons for this. 2）
31、The reasons for this are as follows. 3）The reason for this is obvious. 4）The reason for this is not far to seek. 5）The reason for this is that. 6）We have good reason to believe that.,表示好处的常用句型,1） It has the following advantages. 2） It does us a lot of good. 3） It benefits us quite a lot. 4） It is be
32、neficial to us. 5） It is of great benefit to us.,表示坏处的常用句型,1） It has more disadvantages than advantages. 2） It does us much harm. 3） It is harmful to us.,表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能,1）It is important（necessary，difficult， convenient， possible）for sb. to do sth. 2）We think it necessary to do sth. 3）It plays an i
33、mportant role in our life.,表示措施的常用句型,1）We should take some effective measures. 2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties. 3）We should do our utmost in doing sth. 4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with.,表示变化的常用句型,1）Some changes have taken place in the pas
34、t five years. 2）A great change will certainly be produced in the worlds communications. 3）The computer has brought about many changes in education.,表示事实、现状的常用句型,1）We cannot ignore the fact that. 2）No one can deny the fact that. 3）There is no denying the fact that. 4）This is a phenomenon that many pe
35、ople are interested in. 5）However，thats not the case.,表示比较的常用句型,1）Compared with A，B. 2)A and B has several points in common. 3)It is true that A . , but the chief fault B (obvious defects )are . 4)A and B differ in several ways. 5)The advantages of A are much greater than those of B. 6）I prefer to r
36、ead rather than watch TV. 7）There is a striking contrast between them.,表示例举的常用句型,1) A good case in point is . 2) As an illustration, we may take . 3) Such examples might be given easily. 4) .is often cited as an example.,表示数量的常用句型,1）It has increased（decreased）from.to. 2）The population in this city h
37、as now increased （decreased）to 800，000. 3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15 compared with that of January.,表示看法的常用句型,1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth. 2）People have different opinions on this problem. 3）People take different views of（on）the question. 4
38、）Some people believe that.Others argue that.,表示结论的常用句型,1）In short，it can be said that . 2）It may be briefly summed up as follows. 3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that .,部分常用套语,1）Its well known to us that . 2）As is known to us，. 3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about. 4）From the graph（table，chart）listed above，it can be seen that . 5）As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way.,
