1、定语从句复习,定语从句 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有： when, where, why等。,注：1.介词提前时一般只用which和whom。2.whose+名词=the+名词+of which/ of whom,This is the detective who came from London. The book which I am reading
2、 is written by Tomas Hardy. The desk whose leg is broken is very old. This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.,(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：All the people that are present burst into tears.(2) 先行词有两个，既有人也有物，要用that。We w
3、ere talking about the persons and things that we remembered in our school.,关系代词that 和which的区别,1.宜用that引导的定语从句,(3) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that, 不用which, who，或whom。例如： This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show before . 这是以
4、前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。 That is the only way that leads to your success .那是通向你成功的唯一之路。 We have to consider the first thing that starts our work . 我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。,2. 宜用which引导的定语从句 当定语从句的介词提前时，要用which。 The house in which they lived last year has been rebuilt. 引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which。 He bought a railway ti
5、cket for the woman, which helped her a lot.,as, which 非限定性定语从句 由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。 As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.,Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a s
6、urprise. A. it B. that C. which D. he It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park A. that B. which C. as D. it,as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点： (1) as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思 (2）as 代表前面的整
7、个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。,(3)当先行词受such, the same修饰时，常用as I have never heard such a story as he tells. He is not such a fool as he looks. This is the same book as I lost last week. 注意： 当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同。 She wore the same dress that she wore
8、at Marys wedding. 她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。 She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。,判断关系代词与关系副词,方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. Ill never forget the days when I worked together with yo
9、u.,判断改错 1. This is the mountain village where I visited last year. 2. I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. 3. This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. 4. Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.,F,F,T,T,方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能
10、正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on which D. the one,例1变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago. 例2变为肯定句： This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在
11、句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。,关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when
12、 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。,区分定语从句和同位语从句 1定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系； 同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系 (1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句 (2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位语从句,2定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略； 同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当
13、成分 (1) The news he told me is true. (2) The news that he has just died is true. (3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语 (4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.,3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以 (1) The idea that we could a
14、sk the teacher for advice is wonderful. (2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice. (3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all. (4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.,Exercises,Mother bought me a dictionary on my birthday, _made me very happy. A
15、. what B. that C. who D. which 2. Look at the watch. Dont you see it is _ watch _ Helen lost the other day?A. as the same; as B. the same; as C. the same; which D. as the same ; that3. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What,4. The weat
16、her turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 5. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town, _ he grew up as a child. which B. where C. that D. when 6. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A.
17、 which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is,7. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help.A. which B. itC. she D. he 8. _ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.A. It B. AsC. That D
18、. What 9.Is this the only reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. that he explained B. what he explained C. why he explained D. which he explained,Homework,Summarize the rules of attributive clause.,See you!,； http:/ 棋牌评测网 ioq728fgk 错了，把眼镜取下来，从口袋里拿出另外一副眼镜戴上，然后，再从口袋里掏出一副放大镜，对着发票看
19、。他当时吓瘫了、吃惊地盯着发票说道：“你你一顿吃了8800元，倒是个吉利数，几乎吃掉了老朽一年薪水。”牛主任就像他姓一样：牛。他毫不客气地说：“区区几千元有什么可为难的，以前厂里没有多少钱，现在厂里有的是钱，我偶尔潇洒享受一下有什么不行？”财务总监几乎被雷倒，一时不知如何应对，考虑了很久才艰难地在发票上写道：同意报销。实际上，老牛吃饭只花了880元，他给发票舔了个“0”，简单至极。其二：人浮于事，闲杂人多。单位虽然撤了一部分科室，却增加了工程队。厂内常年驻扎着三个外包工程组和两个瓦工组。每天只要一上班，各个部门、车间办公室，首先来报道的是外包工程组和瓦工组的头儿。他们傻笑着，先是发烟，后是倒茶
20、，然后询问今天有什么活要他们干，真像生产队派活一样，热闹异常，领到任务后立刻大张旗鼓、轰轰烈烈地干起来。与此同时，单位内部维修班的维修人员手里捧着茶杯站在旁边看，还悠然自得地说：“赶紧干，要不然，我们要抢你们的饭碗了。”令人莞尔。其三：采购设备没有整体规划。化验室要购一台全自动分析仪，结果来了2台一模一样的进口全自动分析仪，说是采购竞标，结果到最后，两台仪器都耐着不走了。中国啤酒界就这么大，一家有什么怪事，大家都晓得了。一次，马启明到某地参加全国啤酒界会议，在吃饭时，大家正在议论怎么用小木桶盛米饭，有人大笑：“饭桶！”正说着，又端上来炒鸡蛋，我们又大笑：“炒蛋。”一个同行又揶揄道：“你们厂真有
21、钱，每台十几万美元的全自动分析仪你们连眼睛都不眨一下，一下子就买了两台，厉害！厉害！真厉害！”这还不是最厉害的，最厉害的是，采购的进口糖化压滤设备、进口酵母压榨机、进口桶啤设备买回来以后，与现有设备不配套，或有的根本就没必要买，结果放在单位院子那儿当作免费展览品。时间长了，又像废品一样长时间地丢在露天风吹日晒，变成一堆破铜烂铁。后来有人看见，在废品收购站有不少进口设备的零部件。花开啤酒单位就如同一头飞不起来的老鹰，被几个穷凶极恶的豺狼虎豹连血带肉地吞食着，老鹰在无力的挣扎着很快外方投入的资金被消耗殆尽。随着啤酒市场竞争加剧和花开啤酒经营日渐衰落，花开啤酒单位又走向了下坡路，开始出现亏损了，双方矛盾也逐渐增大。这叫马启明想起了“强弩之末”这个成语。就在这个时候，谷仕昊马上就要退休了，总经理人选摆到了花开啤酒单位的议事日程上。外方要派总经理，中方坚持说，董事长永远是外方的，总经理永远是中方的，是合资时就确定下来的大事，按照既定方针办，不能董事长和总经理都由外,
