1、大学英语四级作文,话题,.大学生话题 大学生话题：主要涉及大学生的校园学习、生活、择业及人生观等方面 A.学习： On Students Selecting Lecturers （2006, 6 New） Is A Test of Spoken English Necessary？ （2000, 6） How I Finance My College Education？ （2000, 1） Reading Selectively or Extensively？ （1999, 6） How I Overcame My Difficulties in Learning English？ （199
2、2, 6） B.生活： Volunteers Needed （2006, 6 Old） Teachers Day （2005, 6） A Campaign Speech（2005, 1） The Day My Classmate Fell Ill/Got Injured（2003,9） A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus.（2002, 1） C.择业、人生观： How to Succeed in a Job Interview （2001, 1） Advantages of a Job
3、 Interview（1995, 6） My Ideal Job （1994, 6） Is Failure a Bad Thing？ （1992, 1）,话题,.大学生话题 大学生话题：主要涉及大学生的校园学习、生活、择业及人生观等方面 A.学习： On Students Selecting Lecturers （2006, 6 New） Is A Test of Spoken English Necessary？ （2000, 6） How I Finance My College Education？ （2000, 1） Reading Selectively or Extensively
4、？ （1999, 6） How I Overcame My Difficulties in Learning English？ （1992, 6） B.生活： Volunteers Needed （2006, 6 Old） Teachers Day （2005, 6） A Campaign Speech（2005, 1） The Day My Classmate Fell Ill/Got Injured（2003,9） A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus.（2002, 1） C.择业、
5、人生观： How to Succeed in a Job Interview （2001, 1） Advantages of a Job Interview（1995, 6） My Ideal Job （1994, 6） Is Failure a Bad Thing？ （1992, 1）,. 社会热点话题 社会热点话题：与普通百姓社会生活紧密相关的话题，如：环境话题、交通话题、休闲娱乐、疾病与健康等话题。 An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident（2003, 6） It Pays to Be Honest （2003, 1） Dont Hesit
6、ate to Say “No”（1999, 1） Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck？ （1998, 6） Harmfulness of Fake Commodities （1998, 1） Global Shortage of Fresh Water （1996, 6） Can Money Buy Happiness？ （1995, 1） The World is Getting Smaller and Smaller （1994, 1） My Most Favorite Program（1993, 6） Positive and Negati
7、ve Aspects of Sports （1993, 1） Changes in Peoples Diet（1991, 6） Bicycles An Important Means of Transport in China （1991, 1） Make Our City Greener（1990, 6） .大学生和社会热点话题 Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourist？（2005, 12） The Two-Day Weekend（1996, 1）,1. 正反观点型：,要不要取消春晚（2006，12） 大学校园是否要开放（2005，12）
8、 口语考试要不要考（2000，6） 精读还是泛读（1999，6） 幸运数字带不带来好运（1998，6） 钱能带来幸福与否（1995，1） 优缺点型： 娱乐活动的益处和坏处（2008.6） 双休日带来的好处和坏处（1996，1） 面试的优点（1995，6）,2. 原因现象分析题：,选择选修课的因素（2007，12） 选择大学任课教师（2006，6new）， 做人要诚实（2003，1）， 不要犹豫说“不”的原因等（1999，1） 假冒伪劣产品（1998，1）， 纯净水的短缺（1996，6），,3. 解决问题型：,怎样让孩子独立（2010,12） 怎样取得面试成功（2001，1） 怎样支付大学学费（
9、2000，1）图表： 大学生使用计算机（2002，6） 人们饮食的变化（1991，6）,4. 信件：,欢迎加入社团（2007，6） 招募志愿者活动辞(2006,6) 给老师的感谢信（2005，6） 竞选学生会的演讲稿（2005，1） 导游介绍（2004，1） 建议朋友报考专业信（2003，12） 帮助同学的感想（2004，1） 食堂投诉信（2002，1） 同学来访度假安排信（2001，6）,5. 谚语题,熟能生巧（1997，1） 描写文：车祸情况描述和原因分析文（2003，6）,历年考试题目：,考试时间/英文题目/话题/提纲形式 2012年6月 On Excessive Packaging 过
10、度包装 现象描述+问题分析+解决措施 2011年12月Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will 2011年6月 Online Shopping 网购 现象描述+问题分析+解决措施 2010年12月 How should Parents Help Children to Be independent? 孩子独立 现象描述+解决问题 2010年6月 Due Attention should be Given to Spelling英语学习 现象描述+原因分析+解决措施,2007年12月 What Electives to Choose 选修课 现象描述+原因分析
11、+我的看法 2007年6月 An Introduction to a Club 俱乐部介绍 社团介绍+原因分析+参加方式 2009年12月 Creating a Green Campus 绿色校园 现象描述+问题分析+解决措施 2009年6月 Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags 一次性塑料袋 现象描述+问题分析+解决措施 2008年12月 Free Admission to Museums 博物馆 现象描述+问题分析+解决措施 2008年6月 Recreational Activities 娱乐活动 现象描述+利弊分析+我的看法,2006年1
12、2月 On the Spring Festival Gala 春晚 现象描述+反方观点+我的看法 2006年6月（新题型） Students Selecting Their Teachers 选教师上课 现象描述+原因分析+问题分析 2006年6月（老题型）A Poster Recruiting Volunteers 志愿者活动 现象描述+活动描述+参加方式 2005年12月 Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? 大学校园开放与否现象描述+正反观点+我的看法,四级作文分类：,1. 正反观点型： 2. 原因现象分析题： 3. 解决问题
13、型： 4. 信件： 5. 谚语题：熟能生巧（1997，1） 描写文：车祸情况描述和原因分析文（2003，6）,1. 正反观点型：（给定观点型）,定义： 要求比较明确，富有针对性，即直接要求考生比较两 种观点或两种做法，进而表明自己对问题或事物的态 度或观点，也就是做出选择。 基本结构： 对要评论的事物或现象进行整体介绍； 陈述两种不同的观点或做法及其理由； 表明自己的观点或结论。,近10年四级考试中对比选择型作文共出现过5次：,1）许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会 2）有些人提出取消春节晚会 3）我的看法,1）名校校园正成为旅游新热点 2）校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同 3）我认为,很多人认
14、为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是 也有人持不同意见 我的看法和打算,1.有人认为读书要有选择 2.有人认为应当博览群书 3.我的看法,1）有些人认为某些数字会带来好运 2）我认为数字和运气无关,结构模板 :,1）When it comes to 事物/问题, there is no complete agreement among people. 2）Some people take it for granted that 一种观点. 3）However, others maintain that 另一种观点.4）Those people who hold the former opinion
15、 believe, 观点一理由一. 5）In addition, 观点一理由二. 6） Therefore, 总结观点一. 7）However，still others advocate the latter opinion because they hold 观点二理由一. 8）Besides， they argue that 观点二理由二. 9）So, 总结观点二,结构模板 :,10） Weighing up these two arguments, “我”的 看法. 11）For one thing, 个人看法的依据一. 12） For another, 个人看法的依据二. 13）Tak
16、ing above- mentioned factors into consideration, we /I may reasonably conclude that 重申观点 .,常用模板1：Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that 观点1. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that 观点2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea. There are a dozen of reasons be
17、hind my belief. First of all, 论据1. More importantly, 论据2. Most important of all, 论据3. In summary, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测.,常用模板2：,People hold different views about X. Some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观
18、点2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight. For one thing, 论据1. For another, 论据2. Last but not the least, 论据3. To conclude, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测.,常用模板3：,There is no consensus of opinions among people abo
19、ut X（争论的焦点）。Some people are of the view that 观点1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses. The reasons are obvious. First of all, 论据1。 Furthermore, 论据2。 Among all of the supporting evidences, one is
20、the strongest. That is, 论据3。 A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。 As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测.,常用表达：,Personally, I am convinced that TOPIC is a two-edged sword, which presents us both advantages and troubles. The best policy
21、, as I see it, is to maximize the benefits and minimize the negative influences. Every coin has two sides.,2.原因现象解释型 :,定义： 要求从试题的提示性文字、图表或图画入手，描述 提示性文字、图表或图画反映出的现象，对该现象 进行解释说明，分析其原因并加以评论。 基本结构： 描述现象并说明其现状 分析这种现象产生的原因或相关因素 提出建议或总结观点,近10年四级考试中现象解释型作文共出现过3次：,有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师 学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素 学生自选任课
22、教师的益处和可能产生的问题,1.目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品，为什么会有这种现象？ 2.举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费个人、社会等的危害。,作文模板讲解-分析原因/因素型,1. 从第一段过渡到第二段的过渡句的写法,(1) There be 的句型 There are two main reasons behind this phenomenon/trend. There are several causes accounting for this phenomenon/trend/change. When it comes to sth, there are a large number of f
23、actors which can be taken into accounts （2）普通主语句型Two main reasons could contribute to (account for) this phenomenon/trend. A number of factors are accountable for this situation. （3） 被动句型A number of factors need to be taken into consideration in doing sth. (被动句),作文模板讲解-分析原因型,2. 主体段落展开（分析原因）：因果词,至少陈述
24、2-3个原因（reasons or factors)不同原因之间过渡使用顺序递进词in the first place, first of all, in addition, furthermore, finally, eventually建议在陈述原因的时候用结果连词陈述导致的结果As a result, therefore, as a consequence, consequently,作文模板讲解-分析原因型,3. 陈述原因的常用句型(P38-39;P64-66),One of the most common factors is thatP38Another contributing
25、factor is (that) P39 Perhaps the primary (fundamental) factor is (that)P39 The third reason, which can not be neglected, is thatis responsible forresult in contribute to,A (原因）,B(结果）,作文模板讲解-分析原因型,4. 陈述原因的常用（通用）理由/思路,（1）关于某种现象/趋势出现的原因talk about the advantages of sth. （for example, convenience, effici
26、ency)A concept of sth. A concept that +句子 a growing demand for a popular demand for Other general statements: P64,has changed dramatically,There is,Sth.,作文点评+开头,Example 1: What are the reasons for the popularity of tourism in China? Keys: First of all, one of the most common factors is that travelin
27、g will enable people experience the diversity of the world. Therefore, more and more people enjoy traveling a lot. In addition, in modern city, a concept of relaxation has changed dramatically with the improvement of peoples living standards. As a consequence, people prefer to travel as a mean of re
28、laxing The third reason is that there is a profit incentive for travel agencies. As a result, they make efforts to boost the popularity of tourism.,作文模板讲解-分析原因型,4. 陈述原因的常用理由/常用词,（1）关于某种坏现象/趋势出现的原因the awareness of sth. supervision/effective administration on sth. a growing demand for a popular demand
29、 fora profit incentive for sb. lack (s) the ability to do sth. (discipline oneself)sb. fail to do （e.g. recognize) sth. Other general statements: P64,There is,Sth.,the lack of,作文点评+开头,Example 2: What are the reasons for the fake commodities Keys: In the first place, the lack of the public awareness
30、of copyright protection is mainly responsible for this phenomenon. Furthermore, the government fails to effectively supervise the production of fake commodities. As a result, a large number of fake commodities are produced dramatically.Finally, there is a great profit incentive for manufacturers. Co
31、nsequently, they produce the fake ones as possible as they could.,作文模板讲解-分析原因型,3. 结尾段落：提出建议,句型1: As for me, it is crucial to take effective measures to solve the current situation. First, sb. should raise the awareness of the importance of sth. Second, the government ought to take the responsibility
32、 of doing sth. 句型2：Personally speaking, on one hand, there is no denying that sth. (句子）On the other hand, it is advisable for sb. to do sth.,Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the top water shortage. You should write at least 120 words following the outlin
33、e given below in Chinese:1 水资源短缺已成为严重问题 2 造成水资源短缺的原因 3 你的看法注意：严格按照三段来写！,作业：分析原因型,结构模板 :,1）From the chart/ graph/ table/ picture, we clearly learn that总述社会现象, which has aroused great / common concern. 2）What impresses us most is 图表中重点数据. 3）There are many reasons accounting for 现象或变化.4）First of all/ T
34、o begin with, 原因一. 5）What is more/ Moreover, 原因二. 6）进一步说明原因二. 7） In addition/ Besides, 原因三. 8）Therefore/ As a result, 总结原因导致的结果.,结构模板 :,9） As to me/ As far as I am concerned, “我”的 观点. 10）For one thing/ On one hand, 影响一/ 问题 一. 11）For another/ On the other hand, 影响二/ 问 题二. 12）Thus/ In brief/ To conclu
35、de, 总结观点 .,模板示例：,Average number of hours a student spends on computer per week 上图所示为1990年、1995年、2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化 说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明） 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难和问题,范文,3.问题解决型,此类作文要求考生从提示性文字或图表、图画入手，解释提示性文字、图表、图画反映出的问题，提出问题的危害性或解决这一问题的紧迫性；然后对问题展开分析，提出解决问题的方案或应对措施；最后一段要求考生表明自己的态度、做法
36、等。如2000年1月真题。 Reduce Waste on Campus,三段式作文的结构安排,提出问题 分析问题， 给出解决方案 表明个人态度或阐述个人做法,模板一,1. With the development/improvement of ,. 2. It is necessary that. 3. On the one hand, . 4. On the other hand, ,1空格一处铺垫，空格二处填写某一问题。 2关注解决现象引出的问题很必要。 3解决问题很必要的理由一。 4解决问题很必要的理由二。,5. Therefore, how to is worth paying at
37、tention. 6.Firstly 7.Secondly 8.For example, 9. Thirdly, . 10.In other words,5承上启下，填要解决的问题。 6. 解决办法一。 7 解决办法二。 8. 举例解释解决办法二。 9. 解决办法三。 10. 阐明解决办法三。,11.In fact, ways to are countless. 12.Its time that ,11. 指出解决问题的办法多种多样。 12. 强调解决问题时不可待。,2004年1月真题： Reduce Waste on Campus,With the improvement of living
38、 standard, waste on campus is increasingly serious. It is necessary that something should be done to reduce waste on campus. On the one hand, our waste has already caused a great loss of precious resources, such as water and electricity. On the other hand, our waste adds our parents as well as our s
39、ociety a burden.,Therefore, how to eliminate waste on campus is worth paying attention. Firstly, we should turn off the light when we leave our dorms or classrooms so as to save electricity as much as possible. Secondly, we should stop wasting water when we bath, or wash clothes and dishes. For exam
40、ple, we should use a basin when we clean faces. Thirdly, we should be economical. In other words, when go shopping, we should buy only what we really need.,In fact, the ways to reduce waste on campus are countless. Its time that we cultivate the habit of thrift in every possible way.,模板二,1. There ha
41、s been a discussion recently about. 2. It is obvious that. 3. Additionally, . 4. So it is high time, ,1提出现存的问题。 2解决问题很必要的理由一 3解决问题很必要的理由二。 4承上启下，说明解决问题的必要性,5. First of all, 6.The reason is 7.Secondly 8.That is to say, 9. Thirdly, .,5解决办法一 6解决办法一的理由.。 7解决办法二。 8. 阐明解决办法二。 9. 解决办法三。,10.In fact, more th
42、an three ways can be adopted, 11.As for me, 12.All in all, ,10. 指出解决问题的办法多种多样。 11. 小结解决问题的根本途径。 12. 总结全文。,There has been a discussion recently about waste on campus. It is obvious that a great loss of precious resources, such as water and electricity have been caused by waste. Additionally, our wast
43、e adds our parents and society a burden. So it is high time that we took actions to reduce the waste on campus.,First of all, we should stop wasting water when we bath, or clean faces, or wash clothes and dishes. The reason is that there is a great shortage of water in the word. Secondly, we should
44、be economical. That is to say, when go shopping, we should buy only what we really need. Thirdly, we should turn off the light when we leave dorms or classrooms so as to save electricity as much as possible.,In fact, more than three ways can be adopted. As for me, the cultivation of good habit of th
45、rift is most important for all of us. All in all, every college student should join in the efforts to combat the waste on campus.,模板三,1. I t is certain that. 2. For one reason,. 3. For another, . 4. However, some still puzzle on how to .,1提出问题及解决的必要性。 2解决问题很必要的理由一 3解决问题很必要的理由二。 4转折到如何解决问题。,5. Here c
46、ome some suggestions. 6.To begin with, 7.Secondly 8.For instance, 9. Thirdly, . 10.That is because,5呈上指出解决问题的方法很多。 6解决办法一.。 7解决办法二。 8. 阐明解决办法二。 9. 解决办法三。 10. 其理由。,11.The solutionvary according to different situations. 12.Therefore, ,11.解决问题的办法随具体情况不同而变化根本途径。 12. 总结全文，要灵活地依据具体情况处理问题。,4.信件（重点掌握）,英文信件写
47、作通常分为两类： 齐头式 缩进式,WritingPractical Writing,Dear Sir/Madam,Im writing in response to your advertisement for a PA / Secretary to the Managing Director. Although I did not have to travel in my previous job, I would be very willing to do so. I will be available for interview at any time, and look forward
48、 to hearing from you.Yours faithfully,William Jeremy Smith,Peace Hotel Ling Gong Road 1818 Beijing, China,Mail box No.23, GX university Nanning, Guangxi , China 27 Jan, 2008,缩进式,发信人地址及发信日期,收信人姓名和单位地址,WritingPractical Writing,Dear Sir/Madam, Im writing in response to your advertisement for a PA / Sec
49、retary to the Managing Director. Although I did not have to travel in my previous job, I would be very willing to do so. I will be available for interview at any time, and look forward to hearing from you.Yours faithfully, William Jeremy Smith,Compact System 96 Rosewall Drive, South town, SO3 4BT,Ma
50、il box No.23, GX university Nanning, Guangxi , China 27 Dec, 2007,齐头式,四级作文常用连接词总结,1、总结关系过渡词语 in general, to some extent, in my view, as for me, as far as I am concerned, obviously, in brief, on the whole, to sum up, all in all, in a word, in conclusion 2、比较对比关系过渡词语 similarly, on the contrary, on the one hand, on the other hand, otherwise, in sharp contrast, but, however, yet, nevertheless,
