1、1名词性从句知识要点及语法填空考点由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。名词性从句在复合句中起名词的作用，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句四大类，在句中分别用作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。引导名词性从句的关联词Athat连词 that 本身没有意义，在从句中不担任任何句子成分，在宾语从句中有时可省略。I hear (that) he has joined the football club. 我听说他已经加入了足球俱乐部。That light travels in straight line is known to all. 众所周知，光是以直线传播的。B wheth
2、er 和 if连词 whether 和 if 本身有意义（解释是否） ，在从句中不可省略。1whether 可以连接所有的名词性从句，而 if 只能引导宾语从句。I didnt know whether he would attend the concert. 我并不知道他是否参加音乐会。 （宾语从句，可用if 代替 whether）The question is whether it s worth trying. 问题是值不值得试一试。 （表语从句，不可用 if 代替whether）Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 她来不来都没有关
3、系。 （主语从句，不可用 if 代替whether）He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题。（同位语从句，不可用 if 代替 whether）2whether 引导的宾语从句可作介的宾语，而 if 则不能。It all depends on whether they will support us. 这完全取决于他们是否支持我们。(不用 if)Ryan was worrying about whether he had hurt her feelings. 瑞恩担心是否伤害了她
4、的感情。3if 既可引导语从句，也可引导宾语从句。如果用 if 会引起歧义，应避免使用 if，而用whether。Please let me know if you want to join us. 请告诉我你是否想加入我们。 （if 表示是否）Please let me know if you want to join us. 如果你想加入我们的话，请告诉我一声。 （if 表示如果）Please let me know whether you want t join us. 请告诉我你是否想加入我们。 （为避免引起歧义，用whether）2C who, whom, whose, what,
5、which连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 等在从句中既起连接作用，同时又担当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。No one knows who he was waiting for. 没人知道他当时在等谁。We are worrying about what we should do next. 我们正在为下一步该怎么办而烦恼。Tell me whose house it is. 告诉我这是谁的家。Let me know which train you will be arriving on. 告诉我你将乘哪列火车到达。Dwhere, when, how, w
6、hy连接副词 where, when, how, why 等在从句中既是连接词，又作状语。I dont know where we are going to have the meeting.我不知道我们将在哪儿开会。She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。What I am anxious to know is when we can visit the museum. 我急于知道我们什么时候能参观博物馆。比较：when 引导的时间状语从句和名词性从句中的不同时态。Please let me know when yo
7、u arrive. 你到的时候，请告诉我一声。 （when 引导时间状语从句，从句中用一般现在时来表示将来。 ）Please let me know when you will arrive. 请告诉我你什么时候到。 （when 引导宾语从句，从句中用一般将来时。 ）Ewhoever, whomever, whatever, whichever, whosever连接代词 whoever = anyone who 任何人, 无论谁；whatever =anything that 凡是.，无论什么；whichever = anything that 无论那一个, 任何一个； whomever =
8、 anyone whom （whoever 的宾格形式） 。Whoever comes to the club is welcome. 不论谁来参加这个俱乐部都欢迎。Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.凡是值得做的就值得做好。They ate whatever they could find o the deserted island. 他们在荒岛找到什么就吃什么。You may do whatever you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。Ill take whichever book interests me.我愿买任何
9、让我感兴趣的书。Whosever book is overdue will be fined. 不管谁的书过期未还都要被罚款。比较：连接代词 whoever 在宾语从句中作主语，whomever 作宾语从句中宾语。3You may offer he book to whoever wants it. 你可把这本书给任何想要的人。 （此句中不能使用whomever，因为 whoever 在宾语从句中作 wants it 的主语）You may offer the book to whomever you like.你可把这本书给任何你喜欢的人。 （whomever 在宾语从句中作 you lik
10、e 的宾语）一填上适当的关系代词或关系副词1. _caused the accident was a man lying on the ground.2. _will go makes no difference3. _your daughter lovers is very clear4. _wallet was stolen must be made clear5. _he left his wife cut her to the heart 6. _we go there remain to be decided7. _you uncle will arrive was not ment
11、ioned in his letter.8. _you went there alone must be explained9. Ill take back _I said10. Im satisfied _he did11. Tell us _you fulfilled the heavy task ahead of time12.Thats_ I praise you13.This is _two thirds of the earths surface is made up of vast oceans14.The season_ you went to the park was tha
12、t you want to visit her15.The question is_ we will complete the project 16.That was _the Chinese began to make paper17.The problem_ should be our mornitor is not decided18.They have no information _ he was alive19.This is another proof_ he killed a man20.The professor gave orders _the test be finish
13、ed before 6 oclock二语法填空(一)I read a report last night. It says 1_ a lot of people died in 2_ traffic accident. But I forget 3_ the accident happened last Sunday. 4 _ astonished me most is 5_ some babies lost 6_ lives. However, I dont know 7_ the government has taken some measures to deal with 8_. In
14、my opinion, 9_ accident has taught us a lesson 10_we 4should obey the traffic rules.(二)Body language is used every single day by people of different nationalities all over the world. It is a language _1_ words that consists of gestures, facial expressions and body _2_ (move) that greatly add to - an
15、d sometimes even replace- _3_ (speak) language.Body language _4_(use) to communicate both attitudes and feelings as it is not always explicit. Somebody jumping for joy is easy to see while a raised eyebrow conveying doubt is easier to miss. People often use body language 5_ purpose. Someone who does
16、 not know the answer to a question will move their shoulders upwards away from their upper body and then let them fall, 6_(mean), “I dont know”. 7_, body language can be unconscious as well. A person _8_ is feeling uncomfortable or nervous will often hold their body in a very rigid manner and have a
17、 tight look about their mouths. They might also cross their arms and move in 9_ abrupt way resembling a robot more than a human. They might not even realise how they are acting but their body language will tell anyone who cares to look closely enough 10_ they are feeling. Body language can therefore
18、 make peoples feelings more transparent as although we can lie with words, it is not as easy to do so with our bodies.（三）In the United States, there were 222 people _1_ (report) to be billionaires(亿万富翁) in 2003. The _2_（rich） of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $ 41 billion, who made his money _3
19、_ starting the company Microsoft. Mr. Gates was only 21 years old _4_ he first helped to set up the company in 1976. He was a billionaire _5_ the time he was 31. _6_ , there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even _7_ (young) ages. Other young people who have been struck rich
20、 include Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple. _8_ of these child actors made over a million dollars _9_ (act) in movies before they were 14. But _10_ youngest billionaire is Albert von Thurn und Taxis of Germany, who, in 2001, inherited参考答案一填上适当的关系代词或关系副词1What 2.who 3.whom 4.whose5.that 6.whether 7.whe
21、n 8.why9.what 10.whatever 11.how 12why 13.because 14.why 15.what16.how 17.who 18.whether 19.that 20.that（一）1.that 2.a 3. where 4. What 5.that 6. their 7. whether/if 8.it 9. the 10. that5（二）1Without 2.movements 3. spoken 4. is used 5. on 6. meaning 7. However 8. who/ that 9. an 10. how（三）1. reported 2. richest 3. by 4.when 5. by 6. However 7. younger 8. Both9. acting 10. the
