1、1阅读理解01 命题趋势 考标导向化1.命题原则 (1)考查学生在阅读中准确捕获信息的能力。这就要求考生通过阅读短文，运用自己所学的语法、词组、短语等方面的语言知识，根据自己的理解，掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和情节，迅速找出题目后面的正确选项。(2)要求学生既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念；既理解文章的表层意思，也理解文章的深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等“弦外之音” 。(3)要求学生既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。 (4)要求学生既能根据材料提供的信息去理解，也能结合自己应有的常识去理解。2.试题特点阅读理解题要求学生根据材料
2、的内容从四个(或三个)选项中选出最佳答案，主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析能力和判断能力，是一种综合性很强的题型。3.阅读材料的选取特点(1)阅读文章不少于两篇，一般是三至四篇，分值不少于 30 分，一般是 30-40 分，是中考试题中的重头戏。(2)题材广泛，涉及科普、社会、政治、经济、文化、历史、习俗、故事等各个方面。答案一般可以直接在文章中找到，有的虽不能直接在文章中找到，但文章中有它们的同义形式或通过某些暗示及关键信息都可推测出。(3)体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文。近年来的中考英语阅读理解多选用一些富有鲜明时代特征、实用性强的语言材料作为试题的素材，如报刊文章、使用说明
3、书、招贴告示、广告以及各类图表等。选用这些材料不仅能提高测试的真实性，还能通过展示目标语言在现实生活中的真实运用来激发学生的学习动力。预计 2015 年中考会加大对学生阅读理解能力的考查，阅读材料的体裁会更加全面，包含常见的各种文体，题材会呈现多样化，更加丰富多彩，贴近生活和社会话题，为学生所感兴趣；在题设方面会加大对考生理解能力和推测能力的考查。 02 方法归纳 能力提升化1.阅读全文，捕捉信息。阅读理解的主旨是要求考生仔细阅读全文，掌握其大意，了解作者的观点和写作意图，故事的起因、时间、地点以及结局。考生必须在有限的时间内迅速抓住文章的要点，读懂全文。2.注意首句，抓住中心。俗话说“眼睛是
4、心灵的窗户” ，那么一篇文章的眼睛应是题目，而中考阅读是不给文章题目的。这给考生快速了解全文的中心增加了难度，在这种情况下，考生应特别注意首段和每一自然段的首句以及结尾句。这样一来就抓住了中心，为正确答题打下了良好的基础。3.优选排除，确定答案。阅读理解题备选答案有三个是干扰项。我们可先排除语法、词法上明显有错误的选项，再排除与短文内容不符的选项，剩下的就是应选答案了，在这个过程中要仔细鉴别，对比各选项的区别。4.复读全文，检查答案。考生应把短文中考查的信息归纳一遍，再次阅读，检查答案，看看是否前后一致，是否符合逻辑推理，有错及时纠正。03 整合集训 反馈层级化记叙篇A(2014十堰)From
5、 my father I have learned a lot.And Im very thankful to him.I remember when I was a child my father always got up very early，quietly putting on his clothes and going off to work.To arrive in time to open his tiny store at 8:30，he needed to leave our apartment at 6:30.After all，he had to take a bus a
6、nd then the subway.The last journey was a long walk through a neighborhood much of which was full of the smell of rubbish.I learned:It is very important to work.No excuse.When I was 12，I would，on some Saturdays，go to my fathers store to help out.After helping set up the outside clothing display，for
7、the rest of the day，Id watch to make sure no one stole anything.When I noticed someone looking unusual or strange，I would look the person in the eye，smile and say， “May I help you?” Usually that worked，but sometimes，someone would run off with something.The first time， I ran after the thief but my fa
8、ther shouted， “Martin，stop! There is no need to do that.” Its true that safety is more important than money.After 10 years of hard work，he saved up enough money to buy his first car，a cheap onehe wouldnt buy one until he could afford 2to pay for it without borrowing money.I learned:Buy only what you
9、 can afford.Buying necessary food and clothing wont make us go in debt(债务).The unnecessary things wont give us happiness，which comes from achievement only.( )1.What shop did the authors father own?A.A bookshop. B.A coffee shop.C.A clothing shop. D.A food shop.( )2.Which of the following is NOT true
10、according to the passage?A.The author ran after thieves many times.B.The author thanked his father a lot.C.The authors father worked very hard.D.The authors father made some money.( )3.All the following are talked about in the passage EXCEPT _.A.the importance of workingB.the good ways to keep healt
11、hyC.the safety comes before moneyD.that its bad to spend more than you make( )4.According to the author，what usually makes people go in debt?A.To rent a house for the family.B.To send their children to school.C.To enjoy something unnecessary.D.to buy enough food for the family.( )5.What is the passa
12、ge mainly about?A.How to live a happy life.B.What makes a person successful.C.The help the author got from his father.D.What the author learned from his father.B(2014河南)Once there was a man traveling in a faraway village.As he was passing the elephants，he suddenly stopped.He found that these huge el
13、ephants were being held by only a small rope tied to their front leg.No chains(锁链)，no cages.It was clear that the elephants could，at any time，break away from their ropes but for some reason，they did not.He saw a trainer nearby and asked why these animals just stood there and didnt try to get away.“W
14、ell， ”the trainer said， “when they are very young and much smaller we use the same size rope to tie them and，at that age，its enough to hold them.As they grow up，they still believe they can not break away.They believe the rope can hold them，so they never try to break free.”How could it be?These anima
15、ls could at any time break free from their ropes.But because they were always stuck right where they were，they believed they couldnt.Just like the elephants，how many of us go through life believing that we cannot do something，just because we failed at it once before?_.We should never give up the str
16、uggle in life.( )1.What did the writer see in the village?A.Chains. B.Elephants.C.Cages. D.Farmers.( )2.Why do the elephants never try to break free from the ropes?A.Because they think they can not.B.Because they are too old to do it.C.Because they like their living places.D.Because they get on well
17、 with the trainer.( )3.How did the man feel after he heard what the trainer said?A.Moved. B .Surprised.C.Angry. D.Nervous.( )4.Which of the following is the missing part in the last paragraph?A.Failing is part of learning.B.We should be different from others.C.Helping animals is helping ourselves.D.
18、Traveling always makes people relaxed.( )5.What is the best title for this text?A.A Pleasant Trip.B.A Cruel Trainer.C.Elephant Training.D.The Elephant Rope.C(2014东营)Penny was a five-year-old girl.One day when she and her mother were in a department store，Penny saw a plastic pearl necklace(珍珠项链).What
19、 a beautiful necklace! She wanted it very much，so she begged(乞求)her mother to buy it for her.The mother said， “Well，I can buy you the necklace，but when we get home，we should discuss what you can do to pay for it.Can we do that?” Penny agreed with much 3happiness，and she got the necklace.How much Pen
20、ny loved the necklace! She wore it everywhere and every minute.Penny also did part - time jobs to make pocket money.She worked very hard.Soon she succeeded in paying off the price for the necklace.Pennys daddy knew how she tried her best to get the necklace.He also knew how much Penny cared about it
21、.One night，he asked Penny if she loved him.“Sure，Daddy.” the little girl said.“Then how about giving me your necklace?” “Oh，no，Daddy! Not my necklace!” Penny cried.“Oh，dear，its fine.” her father gave her a kiss.Several days later，Penny went to her daddy，with her lips(嘴唇)trembling(颤抖).“Here，Daddy.I l
22、ove you.” She held out her hand.Inside it was the plastic pearl necklace that she loved so much.When he saw this，Pennys father smiled with surprise.He then pulled a cute box out of his pocket.Inside the box was a real and colourful pearl necklace， which was waiting for Penny for so long.( )1.One day
23、，Penny_ in a department store.A.went to buy a necklaceB.got a plastic pearl necklaceC.bought her mother a pearl necklaceD.asked her mother to buy something tasty( )2.Why did Pennys mother ask Penny to pay for the necklace herself?Because _.A.she didnt have enough moneyB.she wanted to buy her a real
24、pearl necklaceC.she thought it was not right for little kids to wear a necklaceD.she wanted Penny to know that one should buy and pay for oneself( )3.Why did Pennys father give a real necklace to her at the end of the story?Because_ .A.Penny wanted oneB.Penny gave him a plastic oneC.he was pleased t
25、o see that Penny had learned what love isD.he thought that people would laugh at him if Penny wore a plastic one( )4.According to the passage，which of the following statements is true?A.Penny worked hard to pay for the plastic necklace.B.Pennys father wanted the plastic necklace.C.Penny knew her fat
26、her had bought her a real necklace.D.Penny gave the plastic necklace to her father because she didnt like it any more.( )5.From the passage，we can learn _.A.parents should buy their kids everythingB.kids should love their parentsC.parents shouldnt ask for anything from their kidsD.how to educate kid
27、s in a right way说明篇A(2014杭州)How quickly can you count from one to ten?Do you use ten different words to do it?Can you do it in English，or do you have to use your first language?Do you count on your fingers?Many people think that numbers and math are the same all over the world.But scientists have di
28、scovered that it is not true.People in different parts of the world use different ways to count on their fingers.In the United States，people begin counting with their first finger，which they extend or stick out.They then extend the rest of their fingers and finally the thumb(拇指)to count to five.Then
29、 they repeat this with the other hand to get to ten.In China，people count by using different finger positions.In this way，a Chinese person can easily count to ten on only one hand.Besides ways of finger counting，scientists have found that cultures and languages are also different when it comes to nu
30、mbers.Some languages have only a few words for numbers，and others have no words for numbers.A group of scientists studied aboriginal(土著的)people in Australia.These people dont have hand movements to stand for numbers.They dont even have words for numbers.However，they are still able to understand diff
31、erent ideas about numbers.In a similar study，researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 4discovered that people of the Piraha tribe(部落)in northwestern Brazil dont have words for numbers such as “one” or “three”. They are not able to say “five trees” or “ten trees” but can say “some t
32、rees”,“more trees” or “many trees”.Professor Edward Gibson said that most people believe that everyone knows how to count， “But here is a group that does not count.They could learn，but its not useful in their culture，so theyve never picked it up.”Although all humans are able to understand quantities
33、(数量)，not all languages have numbers and not all people use counting.Number words in a certain language are a result of people needing numbers in their daily lives.Now we know that people have different ideas about numbers and math，too.( )1.The writer begins with the four questions in order to_ .A.ma
34、ke a survey B.interest readersC.tell a story D.solve math problems( )2.What do we learn from the difference in finger counting between the U.S.and China?A.People from China count much faster than people from the U.S.B.People from China need two hands to count from one to ten.C.People of different cu
35、ltures may use different ways of finger counting.D.People of different cultures use the same way of finger counting.( )3.Which of the following is true about aboriginal Australians?A.They have only a few words for numbers.B.They have hand movements to stand for numbers.C.They can only count to five
36、on their fingers.D.They can understand different ideas about numbers.( )4.The study of the Piraha tribe shows that_ .A.people all over the world know how to countB.people of the tribe have words for numbersC.some groups of people are not smart enough to countD.counting is not useful in the culture o
37、f the tribe( )5.What is the main idea of the passage?A.People from different cultures have different ideas about numbers and math.B.Chinese people can count more easily on their fingers than Americans.C.In some aboriginal cultures，people dont even know how to count.D.Some languages dont have number
38、words because people dont need numbers.B(2014滨州)What do you think of a “talking kitchen”?A French Digital Kitchen has been developed at Newcastle University in the UK.It teaches students how to cook French food and speak French at the same time.For the first time，students can learn a language by the
39、 following cooking steps.All grammar and have been carefully chosen to make sure the users can understand French well.After learning for some time，the users can test themselves by doing a short test on the computer.The kitchen project was started by Professor Paul Seedhouse.He became interested in t
40、he idea after he visited another kind of talking kitchen.He said， “The purpose of the French Digital Kitchen is to make learning a language more interesting and more educational.”How does the kitchen work?There is a computer in the kitchen.With this computer，the users can first choose a French recip
41、e that they want to follow.Using information in the computer，the kitchen starts to guide the users how to make a French dish.If you follow the instructions on the computer，it moves on to the next.If you go wrong，the program goes back and repeats the recipe or information.At any time，the users can al
42、so ask the kitchen to repeat the recipe or any information.The new kitchen can be used in schools，universities and even peoples homes.The researchers will also be developing the European Digital Kitchen，for the next three years.( )1.After reading the passage，we know the 5Digital Kitchen _.A.is a “ta
43、lking kitchen”B.teaches students EnglishC.was developed in FranceD.cooks all food for people( )2.Which of the following can be properly put in ?A.food B.vocabularyC.recipe D.instructions( )3.Paragraph 3 mainly tells us that _.A.how the kitchen worksB.where the kitchen can be usedC.when the kitchen c
44、an be boughtD.why the kitchen project was started( )4.If the users dont follow the instructions on the computer，the kitchen _.A.chooses another recipeB.goes on to the next stepC.repeats the recipe or informationD.stops working at once( )5.The passage is written to _.A.show you how computer worksB.in
45、troduce a French Digital KitchenC.teach you how to cook French foodD.tell you the importance of language learningC(2014宁波)The small Middle Eastern nation of Qatar(卡塔尔)has a soccer team，but it has never played in soccers greatest tournament，the World Cup. However，something amazing will happen in 2022
46、 and at that time Qatar will become the first nation in the Middle East to host the mens Soccer World Cup games.Some fans were confused about this choice.Where will the athletes compete?Qatar doesnt have any stadiums(体育场)built yet.Also，the weather in Qatar gets extremely hot in summer.However，Qatar
47、has plans to fix those problems.The country has announced plans to build enough stadiums for the tournament.To keep everyone cool，each stadium will have solar-powered(太阳能)air-conditioning.Qatar is also building a new airport and train system.Because the stadiums will be so close together and connect
48、ed by trains，fans will be able to watch two games in one day.Qatar has big plans for its new stadiums.Game officials say that after the World Cup，they will take the stadiums down.The stadiums will be taken apart and sent to countries that dont have enough money to build stadiums.Qatar is very happy
49、to be the first Middle Eastern nation to host the tournament.The countrys Emir(穆斯林国家统治者)said to the World Cup organization， “Thank you for believing in change.Thank you for giving Qatar a chance.”( )1.Why is it so amazing that Qatar will host the World Cup?A.Because Qatar is a small country.B.Because Qatar has very few soccer fans.C.Because soccer is not played in the Middle East.D.Because Qatar has nev
