1、第一部分 基础知识运用 专题一 名词,中考英语(河北专用),1.(2018河北,27)Did you hear the ? A scientist will visit our school. A.advice B.news C.praise D.choice答案 B 句意:你听说那个消息了吗?一个科学家将参观我们的学校。本题考查名词词义辨 析。A选项意为“建议”;B选项意为“新闻;消息”;C选项意为“表扬;赞扬”;D选项意为 “选择”。由句意可知本题选择B。词汇拓展 news意为“新闻;消息”,为不可数名词。其常见短语和谚语有:a piece of good news一条好消息;some b
2、ad news一些坏消息;No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。,A组 2014-2018年河北中考题组,五年中考,2.(2016河北,29,)Your is very helpful. I guess Ill take it. A.secret B.advice C.promise D.purpose答案 B 句意:你的建议非常有用。我想我会采纳它。本题考查名词辨析。secret秘密;ad- vice建议;promise承诺;purpose目的。根据句意可知答案为B项。解题关键 本题考查名词词义辨析,解题关键是句意的理解。题干中的“take”一词的常见 词义有“拿,
3、取;带走;花费(时间);接受”等,而在本题中意为“采取,采纳”。,3.(2015河北,29)Could you please take my picture? Here is my . A.printer B.radio C.player D.camera答案 D 句意:能请你给我照张相片吗?这是我的照相机。本题考查名词辨析。printer打印 机;radio收音机;player 播放器;camera照相机。根据take my picture 可知答案为D项。解题关键 本题考查名词词义辨析,解题关键是熟悉选项中名词的功能。题干中的“take my picture照相”对应选项中的“camera
4、照相机”,故选D。 试题变形 其他选项的功能是什么呢?printerprint files打印文件,radiolisten to music听音 乐, playerplay my favourite songs播放我最喜欢的歌曲。,4.(2014河北,30)I want sweet milk.Put some in my cup,please. A.ice B.soup C.salt D.sugar答案 D 句意:我想要甜牛奶。请往我的杯子里放些糖。本题考查名词辨析。由题干中的 sweet(甜的)可知选sugar(糖),故答案为D项。知识拓展 sweet作形容词时,意为“甜的,令人愉快的,悦耳
5、的,温柔的”;作名词意为“甜食,糖 果,宝贝”。,1.(2018安徽,32)What is the of your excellent spoken English? Practice makes perfect! A.result B.influence C.duty D.secret答案 D 句意:你的口语极好,秘诀是什么?熟能生巧!本题考查名词词义辨析。re- sult 结果;influence影响;duty职责;secret秘诀。回答的是学习方法,故要问口语说得好的秘诀。知识拓展 practice makes perfect是英语谚语,表示“熟能生巧”。考生要多掌握英语谚语,培 养语感
6、。如:no pain,no gain不劳则无获。,B组 2014-2018年全国中考题组,2.(2018内蒙古包头,23)My teacher has given me useful suggestions and I want to thank him from the of my heart. A.bottom B.condition C.way D.surface答案 A 句意:我的老师给了我有用的建议,我想衷心地感谢他。from the bottom of ones heart 衷心地,符合语境,故选A项。condition 条件;way途径;surface表面。,3.(2018福建,
7、31)I dont know how to use the App Fun Dubbing. Ask Jimmy for help. He has lots of in doing it. A.experience B.trouble C.courage答案 A 句意:我不知道如何使用“英语趣配音”这个应用程序。找吉米帮忙吧, 他在这方面有很多经验。experience“经历,经验”,trouble“困难,麻烦”,courage“勇气”。 根据句意可知选A。,4.(2018河南,23)Its useless to regret what has been done. Dont make tho
8、se mistakes again. I wont. Thats a(n) . A.order B.decision C.promise D.agreement答案 C 句意:后悔已经做过的事情是没有用的,不要再犯那些错误了。我不会了, 这是一个承诺(我承诺)。本题考查名词词义辨析。A.订单,命令;B.决定;C.许诺;D.协定。根据 句意可知“我发誓不再犯那些错误了”。,5.(2018江西,32)I live near a big . It gets very noisy on match days. A.hospital B.store C.bank D.playground答案 D 句意:
9、我住在一个大操场附近。在比赛的日子里它变得很吵闹。本题考查名词词 义辨析。根据后句中的on match days可知,此处是操场(playground)。hospital医院;store商店; bank银行。思路分析 选项要放在语境中来思考,句子的意思要符合逻辑。只有playground与noisy、 match相符。,6.(2018江苏南京,11)Do you have this T-shirt in a small ? Im afraid not. It only comes in medium. A.size B.colour C.material D.taste答案 A 句意:你有这件
10、T恤衫的小号吗?恐怕没有。它只有中号。本题考查名词 词义辨析。size尺寸,大小;colour颜色;material材料;taste味道。根据答语中It only comes in medium.可知,此处询问衣服的大小,故选A项。,7.(2018辽宁沈阳,1)Small cars are useful in cities with narrow . A.streets B.cinemas C.squares D.shops答案 A 句意:小汽车在街道狭窄的城市里有用。本题考查名词。street街道;cinema电影院; square广场;shop商店。根据句意可知选A。,8.(2018江苏苏
11、州,6)The boy has been missing for five days and his parents are worried about his . A.attention B.safety C.action D.growth答案 B 句意:这个男孩已经失踪5天了,他的父母很担心他的安全。本题考查名词词义辨 析。attention注意力;safety安全;action行动;growth成长。根据句意选B项。,9.(2018天津,24)Her smile made me feel warm and lively. It was like a hidden . A.competit
12、ion B.interview C.treasure D.tradition答案 C 句意:她的笑容使我感到温暖和活力。它就像是一个隐藏的宝藏。此题考查名词 词义辨析。competition竞赛;interview面试,采访;treasure宝藏,珍宝;tradition传统。根据句意和 名词含义,选择C。,10.(2018山东潍坊,23)The Three Gorges Dam produces for millions of people in China. A.electricity B.influence C.transport D.technology答案 A 句意:三峡大坝为中国数
13、百万人供电。本题考查名词。electricity电;influence影响; transport运输;technology技术。三峡大坝是一个水力发电工程,故选A。,11.(2018云南,23)I like the named The World of English very much. Me, too. I have read it for many years. A.game B.program C.movie D.magazine答案 D 句意:我非常喜欢那本叫作英语世界的杂志。我也是。我已经读了 很多年。本题考查名词词义辨析。game游戏,比赛;program节目;movie电影;m
14、agazine杂志。 根据The World of English可知,这是一本杂志的名字。故选D项。,12.(2017天津,24)Dont stand too close to North Americans. Youd better give them more personal . A.time B.system C.space D.pity答案 C 句意:别站得离北美人太近。你最好给他们更多的个人空间。本题考查名词词义 辨析。A项意为“时间”,B项意为“系统”,C项意为“空间”,D项意为“遗憾”。根据句意 应选C项。,13.(2017上海,32)Did the policeman gi
15、ve much on how to protect personal information? A.note B.tip C.advice D.book答案 C 句意:那个警察给出了许多关于怎样保护个人信息的建议吗?本题考查名词词义辨 析。note为可数名词,意为“笔记,便条”;tip为可数名词,意为“小费,窍门”;advice为不可数 名词,意为“建议”;book为可数名词,意为“书”。由本空前的much可知本空应填不可数名 词,故本题选择C。,14.(2017重庆,24)Judy, I will have a meeting in Canada next week. Well, youd
16、better take a with you, or you may easily get lost. A.photo B.stamp C.map D.postcard答案 C 句意:Judy,下周我要在加拿大开个会。噢,你最好随身带张地图,否则你会 很容易迷路的。本题考查名词词义辨析。根据“在加拿大开会”和“迷路”可以判断应该 是带“地图”。故选C项。,15.(2017河南,23)If you fight hard, know who you are, and are proud of who you are, youve got a good of winning. A.choice B.
17、chance C.decision D.direction答案 B 句意:如果你努力拼搏,知道你是谁,而且你为自己感到骄傲,那么你就很有可能获 胜。本题考查名词词义辨析。choice选择;chance可能性,机会;decision决定;direction方向。故 选B项。,16.(2017安徽,33)The New Silk Road will offer a good for more nations to communicate.A.chance B.habit C.question D.price答案 A 句意:新丝绸之路将给更多的国家提供一个交流的好机会。本题考查名词词义辨 析。cha
18、nce机会;habit习惯;question问题;price价格。我们知道我国倡导的丝绸之路是给各国 提供友好交往的大平台。故选A项。,17.(2017江西,30)Do you have any for tonight yet? Not yet. What about having a picnic on the beach? A.problems B.news C.plans D.rules答案 C 句意:你今晚有什么计划吗?还没有。在海滩上野餐怎么样?本题考查名 词词义辨析。problem问题;news新闻;plan计划;rule规矩。根据语境可知,两人正在商量晚上的 “计划”,故选C项。
19、,18.(2017辽宁沈阳,6)These light bulbs look the same, but their on the environment are dif- ferent. A.solutions B.methods C.effects D.secrets答案 C 句意:这些灯泡看上去一样,但是它们对环境的影响是不同的。本题考查名词的词 义辨析。solution解决方法;method方法;effect影响;secret秘密。effect与on搭配表示“对 的影响”。,19.(2017湖北黄冈,28)Whats your prediction about the of our s
20、chool basketball match next week? I am sure Class 8 will be the winner. A.teammate B.result C.information D.player答案 B 句意:你对下周我们学校篮球比赛结果的预测是什么?我确信八班将会获 胜。本题考查名词词义辨析。A选项意为“队友”;B选项意为“结果”;C选项意为“信 息”;D选项意为“运动员”。根据句意可知本题选择B。,20.(2017云南,33)My father has made a that he will buy a camera for me. A.suggestio
21、n B.secret C.problem D.decision答案 D 句意:我的父亲已经决定为我买一台照相机。本题考查名词的词义辨析。decision 决定;suggestion建议;secret秘密;problem问题。根据语境可知,应该选择D项。,21.(2017新疆乌鲁木齐,25,)If you can speak English well, you will have a great over others when looking for a job. A.activity B.article C.attention D.advantage答案 D 句意:如果你能把英语说好,在找工
22、作时你会比别人有很大优势。本题考查名词词 义辨析。activity活动; article文章; attention注意;advantage优势。根据句意可知选D项。,22.(2017内蒙古包头,25,)If you need further about our products, please surf theInternet. A.information B.experience C.practice D.expression答案 A 句意:如果你需要我们产品的更多信息,请上网搜索。本题考查名词词义辨析。in- formation 信息;experience 经验;practice 实践;e
23、xpression 表达。根据句意选A。,23.(2017江苏扬州,10)My grandpa knows the history and medical of many plants. A.wealth B.price C.value D.cost答案 C 句意:我爷爷知道许多植物的历史和药用价值。本题考查名词词义辨析。wealth意 为“财富”; price意为“价格,代价”; value意为“价值”; cost意为“花费”。根据句意可知 本题选择C。,24.(2017湖北武汉,36)I wonder if youve made a decision on the project,Eric
24、. Not yet. I cant make it until I have first-hand on prices. A.news B.knowledge C.information D.education答案 C 句意:我想知道你是否已经决定了这个项目, 埃里克。还没有。直到我拥 有第一手的价格信息才能决定。本题考查名词的词义辨析。news新闻; knowledge知识;in- formation信息;education教育。根据句意可知选C项。,25.(2017内蒙古呼和浩特,2)The boy didnt find much about the topic on that websi
25、te. A.report B.article C.information D.story答案 C 句意:这个男孩没有在那个网站上找到关于这个话题的许多信息。本题考查名 词。report意为“报告”;article意为“文章”;information意为“信息,消息”;story意为“故 事”。much修饰不可数名词,选项A、B、D均为可数名词,故排除。故本题选择C。,26.(2016山东德州,31)Bill will be a/an to interview the football players in the coming Rio 2016 Olympics. A.guest B.repo
26、rter C.tourist D.engineer答案 B 句意:比尔将成为一名在即将到来的2016年里约奥林匹克运动会中采访足球运动 员的记者。本题考查名词辨析。A:客人;B:记者;C:游客;D:工程师。根据句意可知选B。,27.(2016山东东营,27)Great for football loversmore than 50,000 soccer schools will be built in our country by the end of 2025. A.news B.message C.situation D.information答案 A 句意:球迷们的好消息到2025年年底
27、,50,000多所足球学校将要在我们国家被 建成。news为不可数名词,消息;message为可数名词,信息,留言;situation为可数名词,情况,局 面;information为不可数名词,信息。如果用可数名词message和situation,则句子开头应有冠词; 又根据句意可知应选A。,28.(2016重庆,25)Its hot today. Have some , please. No, thanks. Im not thirsty at all. A.water B.potatoes C.bread D.cakes答案 A 句意:今天很热,请喝点水吧。不,谢谢。我一点也不渴。本题
28、考查名词辨 析。由thirsty可知上文提到的应该是喝的东西,只有water符合语境。,29.(2016河南,22,)Are you going out with Jade tonight? Thats my . Mind your own! A.offer B.business C.question D.chance答案 B 句意:你今晚要和杰德一起外出吗?那是我的事,管好你自己吧!本题考查 名词辨析。offer提议;business生意,事情;question问题;chance机会。根据“那是我的事”可知 选择B项。,30.(2016天津,26,)Every year many forei
29、gn friends come to see the of Tianjin, such as Tianjin Eye and the Haihe River. A.concerts B.plays C.cartoons D.sights答案 D 句意:每年有许多外国朋友来看天津的美景,例如天津之眼和海河。本题考查名词 的词义辨析。 concert音乐会; play戏剧;cartoon漫画;sight风景。根据句意可知选择D项。,31.(2016安徽,32)Cathy has such a good that she won many prizes in singing competitions
30、 last year. A.sleep B.idea C.voice D.time答案 C 句意:Cathy有如此好的嗓音以致她去年在歌唱比赛中得了许多奖。本题考查名词 辨析。sleep睡眠;idea想法;voice 嗓音;time时间。根据句意可知答案为C项。,32.(2016江西,28)Some old people need a because they feel lonely. A.gift B.stick C.pet D.watch答案 C 句意:一些老人需要宠物,因为他们感到孤独。本题考查名词。gift礼物;stick棍,棒; pet宠物;watch手表。根据句意可知答案为C项。,
31、33.(2016新疆乌鲁木齐,32,)Why didnt Lucy go to your birthday party last night? She said that she was busy preparing for the exams, but that was only a(n) .I saw her go- ing to a movie with her friend at that time. A.matter B.excuse C.result D.reason答案 B 句意:昨晚Lucy为什么没有参加你的生日聚会?她说她在忙着准备考试,但 那只是借口,我那时看见她和她的朋友
32、正去看电影。本题考查名词辨析。matter事情;excuse借 口;result结果;reason原因。根据句意可知答案为B项。,34.(2016湖北襄阳,27)Look!So many colorful bicycles in two lines over there. Theyre for public. This of green smart traffic is everywhere in Xiangyang City. A.number B.pair C.kind D.piece答案 C 句意:看!那边那么多彩色自行车排成两排。它们是公用的。这种环保的 智能自行车在襄阳市到处可见。本
33、题考查名词的词义辨析。number数量;pair双,对;kind种类; piece片。,35.(2016山东青岛,2)Nancy took her temperature and found she had a . A.cough B.toothache C.cold D.fever答案 D 句意:Nancy量了量她的体温发现她发烧了。本题考查名词辨析。have a cough 咳 嗽;have a toothache牙痛;have a cold 感冒;have a fever发烧。根据句意可知答案为D项。,36.(2015重庆,23)Dave really likes driving.I t
34、hink being a is just right for him. A.doctor B.teacher C.farmer D.driver答案 D 句意:Dave的确喜欢驾驶。我认为做驾驶员对他来说正合适。考查名词词义辨 析。doctor医生;teacher教师;farmer农民;driver驾驶员。由likes driving可知应选D。,37.(2015内蒙古包头,26)If you can speak English well,you will have a great over others while looking for a job. A.activity B.articl
35、e C.agreement D.advantage答案 D 句意:如果你的英语能说得很好,你在找工作的时候将比别人有很大的优势。本题 考查名词词义辨析。activity活动;article文章;agreement协议;advantage优势。have an advan- tage over sb胜过/优于某人。故选D项。,38.(2015河南,22,)Is this photo taken in Tibet? Yes.You can see beautiful snow mountains in the of the photo. A.form B.background C.shape D.i
36、ntroduction答案 B 句意:这张照片是在西藏拍的吗?是的,你可以在照片的背景中看到美丽的 雪山。本题考查名词词义辨析。form形式;background背景;shape形状;introduction介绍。根据 句意可知选择B项。,39.(2015浙江温州,2)Annie has a ,and she is going to see her dentist today. A.cold B.fever C.cough D.toothache答案 D 句意:Annie 牙疼,今天她打算去看她的牙医。本题考查名词辨析。根据dentist可知 选D项。,40.(2015宁夏,35)Listen
37、!Who is singing? Its Betty.She has a sweet . A.sound B.voice C.noise D.speech答案 B 句意:听!谁在唱歌?是Betty,她的声音很甜美。本题考查名词词义辨析。 sound声音;voice(唱歌的)声音;noise噪音;speech演讲。根据句意可知,此处指Betty的歌声,故选 B项。,41.(2015辽宁沈阳,5)Bob has got good exam results.His parents are proud of his . A.success B.chance C.idea D.dream答案 A 句意:
38、Bob考出了好成绩。他的父母为他的成功感到自豪。本题考查名词词义辨 析。success成功;chance机会;idea想法;dream梦想,根据句意可知答案为A项。,42.(2014浙江温州,2)There are some in Dayton Art Museum.For example,no food or drink is allowed inside. A.jobs B.records C.rules D.paintings答案 C 句意:代顿艺术博物馆有一些规定,例如,馆内禁止饮食。本题考查名词词义辨析。 根据后面提示可知是规定。故选C项。,43.(2014天津,22,)If you
39、 work harder,youll have another to play the violin at a concert. A.sleep B.chance C.mistake D.problem答案 B 句意:如果你更加努力练习,你将再次有机会在音乐会上演奏小提琴。本题考查名 词辨析。sleep睡觉;chance机会;mistake错误;problem问题。have a chance to do sth有机会做某 事。根据句意,选择B项。,44.(2014河南,22,)You may go to Milan for a free trip. Its a very kind ,but I
40、 really cant accept it. A.excuse B.offer C.promise D.decision答案 B 句意:你可以免费去米兰旅游。这是一个非常好的提议,但我真的不能接 受它。本题考查名词辨析。excuse借口;offer 提议;promise 承诺;decision决定。根据句意可知 答案为B项。,45.(2014安徽,37)More and more people come to visit Mount Huangshan. Thats true.It has become the of Anhui. A.pride B.effort C.praise D.co
41、urage答案 A 句意:越来越多的人来黄山旅游。确实是这样。它已经成为安徽的骄傲 了。本题考查名词词义辨析。pride骄傲;effort努力;praise表扬;courage勇气。故选A项。,1.(2017山西,22)You should look into his eyes when you talk to somebody. It shows your . A.shyness B.politeness C.quietness答案 B 句意:当你和某人交谈的时候,你应该看着他的眼睛。这体现出你的礼貌。本题考 查名词词义的辨析。根据常识可知,在与人交谈时,看着对方的眼睛是有礼貌的行为。shy
42、ness 害羞,羞涩;quietness安静。,C组 教师专用题组,2.(2017福建,29)Nowadays more and more foreigners are becoming interested in Beijing Opera. Thats true. Its an important part of Chinese . A.culture B.invention C.custom答案 A 句意:现如今越来越多的外国人变得对京剧感兴趣。是的,它是中国文化 的一个重要部分。本题考查名词辨析。culture意为“文化”;invention意为“发明”;custom 意为“风俗”。根
43、据题意可知本题选择A。,3.(2017黑龙江哈尔滨,15)During the Spring Festival, people in Northern China usually eat as a traditional Chinese food. A.pizza B.dumplings C.hamburgers答案 B 句意:在春节期间,中国北方的人们通常吃饺子,作为一种传统的中国食物。本题考 查名词词义辨析。由句意可知本题选择B。pizza意为“比萨饼”;hamburger意为“汉堡 包”。,4.(2016湖南衡阳,21,)The last bus has left. What shoul
44、d we do? Lets take a taxi. We have no other now. A.choice B.reason C.habit 答案 A 句意:最后一班公交车已经离开了。我们应该怎么做?我们打车吧。我们 现在没有其他的选择。本题考查名词辨析。由句意可知选择A。,5.(2016江苏扬州,12,)Why not buy a second-hand flat first if you dont have enough money? Thats a good . A.saying B.question C.suggestion D.decision答案 C 句意:如果你没有足够的
45、钱,为什么不先买一套二手公寓呢?好建议。本题 考查名词词义辨析。saying谚语,俗语;question问题;suggestion建议;decision决定。根据why not可知对方提供了一个建议。故选C项。,6.(2016福建福州,29)Who is the person you admire the most? Qian Xuesen, the Father of Chinas Missiles. He is the of China. A.leader B.pride C.voice答案 B 句意:谁是你最钦佩的人?钱学森,中国导弹之父。他是中国的骄傲。本题 考查名词词义辨析。lead
46、er领导;pride骄傲;voice声音。根据句意,应选B。,7.(2016山西,16)During the next few days, I decide to have a good by taking a walk or see- ing a movie. I really need to relax. A.meal B.sleep C.rest答案 C 句意:接下来的几天,我决定通过散步或看电影好好休息一下。我真的需要放松。 本题考查名词辨析。meal一顿饭;sleep睡眠;rest休息,have a good rest好好休息。根据句意可知 答案为C项。,8.(2016吉林,33)T
47、he pollution is becoming more and more serious.We havent seen blue skies for several days. A.noise B.water C.air答案 C 句意:空气污染正在变得越来越严重。我们好几天没有看到蓝天了。本题考查名 词词义辨析。由后句句意可知本题选择C。,9.(2015山西,17)Every time I see the strawberries,the sweet and beautiful color always make my mouth water. A.voice B.taste C.shap
48、e答案 B 句意:每次我看到草莓,那甜蜜的味道和漂亮的颜色总使我流口水。本题考查名词 词义辨析。voice意为“声音,嗓音”;taste意为“味道”;shape意为“形状”,由于前面的修饰 词为sweet,故选B。,10.(2015广西南宁,28)Maori people in New Zealand touch when they meet. A.trees B.noses C.caps D.desks答案 B 句意:新西兰毛利人见面时碰鼻子。本题考查名词词义辨析。tree树;nose鼻子;cap 帽子;desk课桌。根据句意及外国礼仪知识可知答案为B项。评析 本题选材较好。在考查学生名词的
49、同时也让学生了解了新西兰毛利人的一些礼仪知 识。,11.(2015福建龙岩,41,)The Belt and Road Initiative(一带一路倡议)will help China improve the with those related countries,especially Pakistan. A.relationship B.agreement C.environment答案 A 句意:一带一路倡议将有助于中国改善和那些相关国家的关系,尤其是巴基斯坦。 本题考查名词辨析。relationship关系;agreement 同意,协定;environment环境。根据句意可知 答案为A项。,
