1、Unit6 the environment-grammar 学案一. 快捷识记不定式被动形式的用法不定式的被动式为“to be 过去分词” 。 不定式也有时态，完成式的被动形式是 to have been done，进行时的被动式是：to be being done。不定式是动词组成的。不定式的动词究竟是用主动还是被动，关键要根据不定式动作与主语的意义来分析。如果两者的关系是主动的，不定式则用主动形式；如果两者的关系是被动的，不定式则用被动形式。例如：It was impossible for lost time to be made up. 要弥补已失去的时光是不可能的。 I hope to
2、 be invited to the party.我希望有人请我去参加晚会。Have you got ready for the meeting to be held? 你为即将举行的会议准备好了吗？ In order to be chosen, he sent each of them a present. 为了被选中，他给他们每人都送了礼物。 The problem seems to be solved soon. 问题好像快要解决了。 These sheets are to be washed. 这些床单要洗一洗。 The cleaning is to be finished by mi
3、dday. 要在中午前打扫完毕。 我们在运用不定式的时候，确定主动还是被动，要注意下面几个问题：1、通常情况下，不定式作定语时，用主动形式。例如：I have got a letter to write.我有封信要写。 Give me a pen to write with. 我一枝笔写。 Wed better make out a plan to go on holiday. 我们最好制定出一个度假计划。He was the first man to taste the tomato.他是第一位品尝西红柿的人。 They were the last to leave the countrys
4、ide.他们是最后一批离开农村的。2、但是，如果某件事不是主语做的，而是别人做的，则要用不定式的被动式。例如： Im going to the post office. Do you have any letters to be posted? 我要去邮局。你有信要寄吗？3、在 there be 结构中，不定式的主动式和被动式意义差别不大，但有些还是有差别的。例如：Theres a lot to be said (或 to say) about this book.关于这本书大有可说。 There is nothing to see. 没有什么可看的了。 There is nothing to
5、 be seen. 看不见有什么。(即“什么也没看见”) 4、跟在部分形容词后的不定式，常用主动式表示被动含义。例如： I dont think English hard to learn. 我认为英语不太难学。He is difficult to catch. 他很给被抓到。5、有些句子已经是被动语态，但其中的不定式仍可以用被动形式。例如：The work is thought to be finished soon. 大家认为工作很快就完成了。 6、不定式也有时态，只不过不定式时态很少。完成时的被动式是：to have been done，进行时的被动式是：to be being done
6、。例如： The dead prisoner is said to have been badly treated. 据说死去的囚犯受到了虐待。 Rainforests are reported to be being cut down rapidly. 据报道雨林正被迅速地砍伐。二随堂练习1）不定式填空1. I hope _(invite) to the party.2. they dont allow these books _(take) out of the reading-room.3. he pretended _(read) the book before.4. we had n
7、o choice but _(do) what we were asked.5. before he let us _(go) he made us _(promise)_(not tell) anyone what we had seen.6. I expect_(finish) the work by the end of next month.7. they did all they could _(save) the child.8. why _(not report) to the police when the accident happens?9. I have somethin
8、g important _(tell) you.2）单选（ ）1. such people are _.A. respect B. to respect C. to be respecting D. to be respected( ) 2. there is nothing to do expect_ till it stops snowingA. to wait B. waiting C. wait D. waits( )3. I am sorry _ you so much trouble. And thank you for your help.A. to give B. to hav
9、e given C. giving D. gave( )4. the doctor told the child_ less and_ more.A. to eat; sleep B. eat; sleep C. eating; sleeping D. eat; to sleep( )5. Id rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than_ a room with someone else.A. to share B. to have shared C. share D. sharing( )6. let me _ if he
10、 has decided_ it.A. to know; to do B. to know; do C. know; to do D. know; do ( )7. she was sorry she had got no knife _.A. to cut B. cutting C. to cut it D. to cut it with( )8. the novel is said_ the month before.A. to publish B. to be published C. publish D. to have been published( )9. she doesnt l
11、ike _.A. praised B. to praised C. to be praised D. praising( )10._ you the truth, I didnt want to tell you about it.A. to tell B. telling C. to be told D. told( )11.- do you want to give a talk on that subject?- _.A. I wouldnt prefer B. I prefer not C. I prefer not to D. I prefer to not( )12. in cla
12、ss you should listen to Miss Gao _ English!A. to speak B. speak C. speaks D. spoke( )13.we asked_ to work in the countryside.A. to be sent B. to send C. to be sending D. sending( )14. he did everything he could _ the old man.A. to save B. save C. saving D. saved( )15.they are going to have the servi
13、ceman _ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.A. install B. to install C. to be installed D. installed( )16. nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _.A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out( )17. tom is said_ abroad, but I dont know what country he stu
14、died in.A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying( )18. the purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.A. not make B. not to make C not making D. do not make( )19. theyre not very good, but we like_.A. anyway to play basketball with them.B.
15、 To play basketball with them anyway.C. To play with them basketball anywayD. With them to play basketball anyway( )20. Ive worked with children before, so I know what_ in my new job.A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects( )21._ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.A. to sle
16、ep B. sleeping C. sleep D. having slept( )22. having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains_ whether they will enjoy it.A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen( )23. it is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A. it what to do with B. what to
17、do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it( )24.quite a few people used to believe that disaster _ if a mirror was broken.A. was sure of striking B. was sure of having struck C. was sure to be struck D. was sure to strike( )25. in order to gain a bigger share in the international market,
18、 many state run companies are striving _ their products more competitive.A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made( )26. she will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _ in making the earth a better place to live.A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be
19、playing( )27. the bank is reported in the local newspaper _ in broad daylight yesterday.A. robbed B. to have been robbed C. being robbed D. having been robbed( )28. with the development in science and technology man can make various flowers_ before their time.A. be bloomed B. bloom C. bloomed D. blo
20、oming( )29. the mother didnt know who _ for the broken glass.A. blamed B. would blame C. to blame D. be blamed( )30. the project _ by the end of 2003, will expand the citys telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.A. accomplished B. being accomplished C. to be accomplished D. having been accomplished
