1、Period 4: Grammar学习目标1. 扎实掌握词汇与语法的用法，提升综合语言运用能力。 2. 自主学习，合作探究；学会分析与总结的方法并学以致用。学习难点：动词不定式的用法学习重点：如何掌握动词不定式的用法课前预习预习自测：用括号中动词的适当形式填空学情诊断(1)Do tell me the way you think of _ the problem as soon as possible.(solve)(2)As an employee，I couldnt help but _ still for hours as the boss told me to.(stand)(3)If
2、 theres a lot of work _，Im happy to just keep on until its finished.(do)(4)I want to find some interesting books _.(read)(5)I have no choice but _ the fact.(accept)课内探究一、动词不定式定义:在语法中,它是动词的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的形式。由 to+动词原形构成，否定式 not to do.1动词不定式的时态和语态形式时态 主动 被动一般式 to do to be done进行式 to be doing 完成式
3、 to have doneto have been done(1)一般式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生或动作发生于谓语动作之后。He seems to understand what I said.他似乎明白我说的话。(2)进行式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生且动作正在进行。The two cheats pretended to be working hard.那两个骗子假装在努力工作。(3)完成式：表示不定式动作发 生于谓语动作之前。She seems to have seen this film.她似乎已看过这部影片。(4)被动语态：表示不定式与逻辑主语之间的动宾关系。The
4、meeting to be held tomorrow is about how to stop the pollution.明天要举行的会议是关于如何停止污染的。2动词不定式的句法功能不定式的句法功能是作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、定语、状语等。To get there by bike will take us half an hour.我们骑自行车去那里要花半个小时。(主语)When our visit to the farm was over, we expected to start back on foot.当参观农场结束时，我们期望步行返回。(宾语)He asked
5、me to do the work with him.他要求我同他一起做这项工作。(宾补)I was asked to help him with his lessons.我被请求帮他学功课。(主语补足语)Some scientists went to Germany to attend a medical conference.一些科学家去德国参加医学大会。(目的状语)To tell the truth, I dont agree with you.说实话，我不同意你。(独立成分)George returned after the war, only _ that his wife had
6、left him. Ato be told Btelling Cbeing told Dtold 3不定式的复合结构(1)for名词(或代词宾格)动词不定式其中 for 本身无意义，for 后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语。It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest.为收获季节准备好一切对我们来说很重要。(2)带有逻辑主语的结构 of/for sb. to do sth.当作表语的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，用介词 of 引出不定式的逻辑
7、主语，这些形容词一般有good，nice，kind，wise，silly，stupid，foolish，right，wrong, careless, impolite 等。句中的形容词用来说明动词的特征时要用介词 for。这类形容词有 hard, easy, heavy, necessary, possible, important, difficult 等。The first thing for students to do is to study.学生首先要做的事情就是学习。It is foolish of you to say such words.说这种话你太蠢了。Its easy f
8、or you to learn English well.对你来说，学好英语很容易。4疑问词动词不定式疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语。The problem is how to get there on time.问题是怎么按时到达那儿。I dont know what to do next.我不知道下一步该做什么。Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach _ to read fast.Awhat Bwho Chow Dwhy二、but不定式but 后跟不定式时有以下两种
9、情况：1在 cant but, cant help but, cant choose but(不得不，只能)结构后，不定式不带to。There being no buses, I cant but walk home.由于没有公共汽车，我只能步行回家。We cant choose but accept the offer.我们只能接受提议。Its raining hard. I cannot help but stay at home.天在下大雨，我只好待在家里。2动词不定式在介词 but, except, besides 等表示“除了”之意的词后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词 do 的各种
10、形式(do, does, did)，那么介词后的不定式要用不带 to的不定式，否则要用带 to 的不定式。Tom did nothing except wait before his parents came home.父母回家之前，汤姆只有等待。I have no choice but to accept the fact. 除了接受这一事实，我别无选择。There was nothing to do but send for a doctor. 除了派人去请医生，没有什么可以做的。If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _
11、an even greater challenge.Ameets Bmeeting Cmeet Dto meet当堂检测：.用所给单词的适当形式填空1The bank is reported in the local newspaper _(rob) in broad daylight yesterday. 2Id love _(drink) some wine at the party, but I had a stomachache that day.3Lilys mobile phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never _(find) aga
12、in. 4Ill do whatever I can _ (improve) my English. 5For nearly three hours we waited for the decision, only to _ (tell) to come again the next day. 6How about the two of us _ (take) a walk down the garden? 7The computer center, _ (open) last year, is very popular among the students in this school. 8
13、Charles Babbage is generally considered _ (invent) the first computer. 9The students expected there _ (be) more reviewing classes before the final exams.10Since he doesnt want to accept your advice, it is no use _ (talk) to him again. .单项填空 1Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _ f
14、irst is the library.Arepaired Bbei ng repaired Crepairing Dto be repaired2_, you need to give all you have and try your best.ABeing a winner BTo be a winner CBe a winner DHaving been a winner3We are invited to a party _ in our club next Friday.Ato be held Bheld Cbeing held Dholding4With the world ch
15、anging fast, we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day.Adeal Bdealt Cto deal Ddealing5Edison was the first scientist _ a modern research and development centre.Abuilt Bhaving built Cto build Dto be building6If you dont know _ a word, look it up in a good dictionary.Ato use Bhow to use
16、Chow using Dhow should use7He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out.Ato tell Bto be told Ctelling Dtold8I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.Ato go Bto have gone Cgoing Dhaving gone9Schools across China are expe
17、cted to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, _ reduce unemployment pressures.Ahelp Bto have helped Cto help Dhaving helped10With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad.Abuy
18、 Bto buy Cbuying Dto have bought11. _ in a heavy rain, Miss White had a bad cold and couldnt but _ for a leave.A. To catch; ask B. Caught; ask C. Caught; asking D. To have caught; ask12. _ a long bridge requires a large amount of money.A. To build B. To be built C. To have built D. To have been buil
19、t13When caught_，he begged for my pardon and tried_punishment.Astealing；escaping Bstealing；to escape Cto be stealing；escaping Dto be stealing；to escape14All the students injured in that accident are still in hospital，_for further observation.Akept Bkeeping C having kept Dto be kept15.Ten million peop
20、le have been forced_their homes because of the flood.Aleaving Bto leave Cto be left Dbeing left16.Hearing his words，I couldnt decide_or remain.Awhether to go abroad Bif I go abroad Cif to go abroad Dto go abroad课后训练1_about Lucy，the teacher called her parents to find out why she was so often absent f
21、rom class.AConcerning BConsidering CConcerned DConsidered2I was just talking to Joan when Bob _.Acut in Bcut down Ccut out Dcut up3Dont worry，mother；we still have _ time to go to the railway station.Aa great deal Bmasses of Ca great number of Da great many4Would you please tell me the methods you th
22、ink of _ the problems if you have time?Sure! Ato solve Bsolving Csolve Dbeing solved5He was _ at the sight of a snake.Afrightening Bfrightful Cfrightened Dfright6.Simon made a big bamboo box _the little sick bird till it could fly.Akeep Bkept Ckeeping Dto keep7Its likely that he is the only American
23、 hiptop artist_in China.Ato have ever lived Bto live ever Chaving ever lived Dever living8.Increasing the number of women leaders will be a slow_.Astep Bprocess Cceremony Dachievement9.Now，I have him in my_，I can make him do anything I want.Astrength Benergy Cpower Dforce10Li Ming is clever, honest, and hardworking. _， he is a good student and we should learn from him.AIn a nutshell BAfter all COn the other hand DBy the way
