1、初中英语语法讲解：非谓语动词定义及构成 非谓语动词主要包括不定式 the man speaking to the teacher 可改为 the man who is speaking to the teacher.（2）现在分词作表语：The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。be + doing 既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于 be + doing 表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词
2、 be 与现在分词构成系表结构。（3）作宾语补足语：如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch 等。例如：Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。（4）现在分词作状语：作时间状语：(While) Working in the factory,
3、 he was an advanced worker.在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。作原因状语：Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。作方式状语，表示伴随：He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。作条件状语：(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。作结果状语：He dropped the glass, breaking it i
4、nto pieces. 他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。作目的状语：He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。作让步状语：Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。与逻辑主语构成独立主格：I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开
5、了。Time permitting, well do another two exercises.如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。有时也可用 with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。作独立成分：udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.从外表看，他一定是个演员。Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来，女孩子更细心。（四）过去分词：过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词
6、由动词原形加词尾-ed 构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。过去分词的句法功能：1过去分词作定语：Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。2过去分词作表语：The window is broken. 窗户破了。T
7、hey were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。注意：be + 过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别：The window is broken.（系表）The window was broken by the boy.（被动）有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：boiled water（开水） fallen leaves（落叶）newly arrived goods（新到的货） the risen sun（升起的太阳）the changed world（变了的世界）这类过去分词有
8、：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed 等。3过去分词作宾语补足语：I heard the song sung several times last week.上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。有时过去分词做 with 短语中的宾语补足语：With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。4过去分词作状语：Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.受到邻居们的表扬，他成
9、为父母的骄傲。（表示原因）Once seen, it can never be forgotten.一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间）Given more time, Ill be able to do it better.如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。（表示条件）Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。（表示让步）Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进
10、山洞。编辑本段典型习题1The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B.C,didt include women players until 1919.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing析：根据题干，必须选表示被动的选项，故排除 A、D；因 B 选项表“将要被举行”意，不合题干之用，只有 C 选项（相当于 which was first played）才合用。2European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the mo
11、st popular sport in the world.A.making B.makes C.made D.to make析：B、C 是谓语动词，在此不可用。D 项 to make 或表目的，或表“将要使得”，这都不合题干情景。只有 A.making,可作状语，表结果。再举一现在分词作结果状语例：The bus was held up by the snowstorm,causing the delay.公共汽车被大风雪所阻，因而耽误了。3Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take
12、 C.being taken D.taking析：根据 this evening,应选表示将来义的选项，C、D 应排除。Take 后无宾语，必然要用被动式，故答案为 A。4John was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment.A.to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing析：根据 be made to do sth.句式，可定答案为 A。5The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A.to eat not B.eating not C.n
13、ot to eat D.not eating析：根据 warn sb.(not)to do sth.句式，可排除 B、D 两项；又根据非谓语动词的否定式 not 总是在首位的规律，又可排除 A，而定 C。6I usually go there by train. Why not _ by boat for a change?A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going析：此题可根据 why not 后直接跟原形动词规律而一举确定正确答案为 D。若将 B 项改为 try to go，则要根据其与 try going 意义之别来
14、确定答案。依据题干对话内容，乙方是建议甲方尝试乘船变变花样，所以答案仍为 D。7_ a reply,he decided to write again.A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received析：非谓语动词的否定式 not 应置于首位，B、D 皆为错误形式。A 项不能表达先于 decided 的动作，只有选 C 项才表没收到信在先，决定再写信在后，所以 C 为正确答案。8Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first comput
15、er.A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having mvented析：consider 表“考虑”意时，其后动词用 doing 形式，此处不表“考虑”，而表“认为”，这时 consider 后作宾语补足语或主语补足语多为 to do,to have done,to be 等形式。据此可排除 B、D 两个选项。又因 A 表“要发明”意，不合题用，只有 C 表“发明了”意，才合题用，故选 C。9Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa.A.invited B.to i
16、nvite C.being invited D.had been invited析：“被邀请参加晚会”，应选表被动意的选项，B 不可用。D 项少引导词 who，也应排除。又因短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作定语，C 也应排除，只有 A.invited(who were invited)才是正确答案。10The murderer was brought in,with his hands _ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tired D.tied析：B 表主动意，应排除。C 表“将要被捆绑”，A 表“正在被捆绑”都不合题意，只
17、有 D 项填入空白才能表达“双手被反绑着”这一意思，符合题干情景。再看一类似例句： He came in,(with)his head held high.他昂首走了进来。编辑本段更多练习1._ more attention,the trees could have grown better.A.To give B.Having given C.Given D.Giving2.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.to be written
18、B.written C.being written D.having written3.The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.A.to play B.play C.to be playing D.playing4._ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.A.To lose B.Lost C.Having lost D.Losing5.When passing me he pretended _ me.A.to see B.not having seen C.to
19、have not seen D.not to have seen6.The children insisted _ there on foot.A.they going B.they would go C.on their going D.going7.He still remembers _ to Shanghai when he was very young.A.taking B.being taken C.taken D.having taken8._ the railway station,we had a break,only _ the train had left.A.Arriv
20、ing at;to find B.Coming to;discovering thatC.On arriving at;finding out D.Hurrying to;to have found out9.With the boy _ the way,we had no trouble _ the way _ to Zhongshan Park.A.leading;finding;leading B.to lead;found;to lead C.led;finding;led D.leading;found;led10._ these pictures,I couldnt help th
21、inking of those days when I was in Being and _ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building,Beijing looks more beautiful.A.Seeing;seen B.Seen;seeing C.Seeing;seeing D.Seen;seen11.I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A.to have sailed B.to sail C.sailing D.sail12.If you wa
22、ve your book in front of your face,you can feel the air _ against your face.A.moved B.moving C.moves D.to move13._ is known to all,China will be an _ and powerful country in 20 or 30 years time.A.That;advancing B.This;advanced C.As;advanced D.It;advancing14.While shopping,people sometimes cant help
23、_ into buying something they dont really need.A.persuade B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded15.There was terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed16.Please excuse my _ in without _ .A.come;permitted B.coming;permitted C.comimg;being
24、 permitted D.to come;being permitted17._ his head high,the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting _ then.A.Holding;being held B.Held;holding C.Having held;held D.Held;to be held18.Did you hear her _ this pop song this time the other day?Yes,and I heard this song _ in English.A.sing;singi
25、ng B.sung;sung C.sung;singing D.singing;sung19.The question _ now at the meeting is not the question _ yesterday.A.discussed;discussed B.discussing;had discussed C.being discussed;discussed D.discussing;discussing20.With the cooking _ ,I went on _ some sewing.A.done;to do B.being done;doing C.to be
26、done;doing D.to have done;doing21.It is no use _ your past mistakes.A. regretting B. regret C. to regret D. regretted22.Her husband died in 1980 and had nothing _ to her,only _ her five children.A.left;to leave B.leaving;leaving C.leaving;left D.left;leaving23.I am very busy.I have a very difficult
27、problem _ .A.to work B.to work out C.to be worked out D.to work it out24.I would appreciate _ back this affernoon.A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.youre calling25.Climbing mountains was _ ,so we all felt _ .A.tiring;tired B.tired;tiring C.tiring;tiring D.tired;tired26.I saw some villagers _
28、 on the bench at the end of the room.A.seating B.seat C.seated D.seated themselves27.She was glad to see her child well _ care of.A.take B.to be taken C.taken D.taking28.It is one of the important problems _ tomorrow.A.to solve B.to be solved C.solved D.solving29._ maps properly,you need a special p
29、en.A.Drawn B.Drawing C.To draw D.Be drawing30.There is a river _ around our school.A.to run B.run C.running D.to be running31.How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden?A.to take B.take C.taking D.to be taken32.I was fortunate to pick up a wallet _ on the ground on the way back home, but unfor
30、tunately for me,I found my colour TV set. _ when I got home.A.lying;stolen B.laying;stealing C.lay;stolen D.lying;stealing33.Whth the kindhearted boy _ me with my work,Im sure Ill be able to spare time _ with your work.A.to help;help you out B.helping;helping you C.helped;to help you out D.to help;t
31、o help you34.Greatly movedd by her words, _ .A.tears came to his eyes B .he could hardly hold back his tearsC. tears could hardly be held back D. his eyes were filled with tears.35.I hope the children wont touch the dog.Ive warned them _ .A.not B.not to C.not touch D.not do36.I would love _ to the p
32、arty last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone37.When _ why he walked in without permission,he just stared at us and said nothing.A.been asked B.asked C.asking D.to be asked38.The man kept silent in the room unless _ .A.spoken to B.spoke
33、 to C.spoken D.to speak39.He was often listened _ in the next room.A.sing B.sung C.to sing D.to to sing40.Rather than _ on a crowded bus,he always prefers _ a bicycle.A.ride;ride B.riding;ride C.ride;to ride D.to ride;riding41.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him
34、_ .A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to42.Whats troubling them is _ enough experienced workers.A.that they have to B.they have not C.their not having D.not their having43._ his telephone number,she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.A.Not knowing B.Knowing not C.Not having known
35、D.Having not know44.Bamboo is used _ houses in some places .A.to build B.to building C.to be built D.being built45.Go on _ the other exercise after you have finished this one.A.to do B.doing C.with D.to be doing46.The day we looked forward to _ .A.come B.coming C.has come D.have come47.Whom would yo
36、u rather _ the work?A.to have to do B.to have do C.have to do D.have do48.Do you think it any good _ with him again?A.to talk B.talking C.to talking D.having talked49.Sometimes new ideas have to be tested many times before _ .A.accepting fully B.being fully accepted C.fully accepting D.fully being a
37、ccepted50.The government forbids _ such bad books.A.published B.to publish C.publish D.publishing非谓语动词专练答案15 C B D B D 610 C B A A A 1115 C B C C B 1620 C A D C A2125 A D B C A 2630 C C B C C 3135 C A D B B 3640 B B A D C4145 A C A A A 4650 C D A B D编辑本段注意事项1 “to” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的 to 都是介词。agree to
38、object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ,equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to2 带 to 还是不带 toI have no choice but to give inI cannot do anything but give inI saw him enter the classroom .（ 但是： He was seen to enter the c
39、lassroom .）3 动词不定式逻辑主语是由 for 作为标记的。但是有时用 of .Its necessary for you to study hard .Its foolish of him to do it .与 of 连用的形容词有：good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible4后接不定式作宾语的动词有：want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree
40、 , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用 it 做形式宾语。例如：通常不说 We think to obey the laws is important . 而说 We think it important to obey the laws .5不定式的省略。下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略到 to 。want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , ought to , need to , used to , be able to6不定式作定语，应注意两种关系：1）动宾关系：He has a lot of meeting to attend .Please lend me something to write with .He is looking for a room to live
