1、第 1 页 共 4 页Grammar 1 (Module 1, Book 3)Passive voice:present and past formsRead the sentences and pay attention to the underlined words.1.Paris is visited by more than eight million tourists every year.2.The Sagrada Familia was designed by an ancient called Antonio Gaudi.3.Florences most beautiful p
2、aintings and sculptures were produced by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci.被动语态:语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。当主语是谓语动作的执行者，则为主动语态；当主语是谓语动作的承受者，则为被动语态。被动语态只用在句子的谓语部分。只有及物动词才有被动语态。一、何时使用被动语态 1. His bike was stolen. He was wounded in the fight. 不清楚谁是动作的 _。2. Paper was first made in China. Do you know
3、 when the building was built?没有必要或不想指出动作的执行者时。 3. Pairs is visited by more than eight million tourists every year. This painting was painted by him.需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。二、被动语态的构成 1. be + done 构成被动语态 , done 可以带 by 短语。被动语态发生时态变化时只变 _ 的形式，过去分词不变。be/get+done 也可以是系表结构形式, 而系表结构中 done 相当于 形容词 不带 by 短语。三、不同时态的被动语
4、态 1. 一般现在时的被动语态是由“am / is / are+及物动词的过去分词”构成。Amy _(consider) to be the best singer in the group.Customers _(advise) to buy their tickets in advance.2. 一般过去时的被动语态是由“was / were+及物动词的过去分词”构成。The local cinema _(close) down three years ago.When they got to the police station, they _immediately _(question
5、).温馨提示 1. 不及物(短语)动词没有被动语态。2. 某些及物动词(短语) 如：have, fit, equal, cost, wish, look like, belong to 等没有被动语态。e.g. The book cost him 30 dollars. 3. 系动词，如 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等没有被动语态，常用其主动结构表示被动含义。This kind of food tastes very good.4. 某些动词，如 sell, lock, wash, open, wear, write 等，若表示主语的性能时，常用主动形式表示
6、被动意义。The cloth washes well. The wine sells well at home and abroad.5. 含有情态动词的被动语态结构是：情态动词 + be + 及物动词的过去分词。 This book shouldnt _(put) here. The criminal may _(sentence) to death.6. 其它时态的被动语态：时态与语态组合时， “先时态，后语态” ，可以用“加法原则”推导出来。例如：第 2 页 共 4 页进行时态的被动语态：进行时态： be + v-ing (现在分词)被动语态： be + v-ed (过去分词)be +
7、being + v-ed (过去分词)例如：The room _(paint) now. （房间正在粉刷。 ）The bridge _(repair) these days. (近期，大桥正在维修)将来时态的被动语态：将来时态： will/shall + v (动词原形)被动语态： be + v-ed (过去分词)will/shall + be + v-ed (过去分词)例如：He _(send) to the UN as a representative of our country. You _(show) around the university when you reach ther
8、e. （请自己推导完成时态的被动语态）读下列句子，判断时态和语态：The child was taken care of by his uncle after his parents. But he was also supported by other relatives when he went to school and university. Every day, they are taken to school in a school bus.Im glad to tell you that your watch has been fixed. It can be taken any
9、time. The house is being repaired. You have to rent a house to live in for at least 2 months. Exercise:1. So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I 62. _ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acr
10、e centre. （2016 新课标全国卷 I）2. Truly elegant chopsticks might 62. _ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. （2016 新课标全国卷 III）3. The giant panda 61. _ (love) by people throughout the world. （四川 2016）4. I _ (read) half of the English novel, and Ill try to finish it at the weekend. （北京2016）5. N
11、owadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _ (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. （2017 天津）将下面的句子改写为含被动语态的句子。1. Eleven players make up a soccer team.A soccer team _ _ _ _ eleven players.2. Many students in the class made fun of Bob. Bob _ _ _ _ by many students in the cla
12、ss.3. They had repaired the TV set when I phoned the shop.The TV set _ _ _ when I phoned the shop.4. The nurse is taking care of the sick man.The sick man _ _ _ _ _ by the nurse.5. I often see Peter play basketball on the playground.Peter _ _ _ _ _ basketball on the playground.第 3 页 共 4 页6. They hav
13、e built many houses in the village in the past few years. Many houses _ _ _ in the village in the past few years. 7. People say that house prices will continue to go up in the next few years._ _ _ that house prices will continue to go up in the next few years.8. The father made the boy work on the f
14、arm during summer holidays.The boy _ _ _ _ on the farm during summer holidays by his father.Grammar IISubject and verb agreement（主谓一致）主谓一致，指英语句子的主语和谓语，在人称和数上形成的对应关系。一般的规则是：1. be 动词与人称代词之间有如下对应关系：I am you are he/she/it is we/ you/ they are I/ she/ he/ it was. You/ they/ we were 名词单数 + is/ was 名词复数+ a
15、re/were.2. have / has ： 第三人称单数（he/ she/ it/ 名词单数） + has 其余人称和名词复数 + have 3. 行为动词：在一般现在时态中，第三人称单数主语，谓语动词后加“s/ es”; 其余人称和名词复数作主语，谓语动词用原形。简单地说：单数主语，谓语用相应的单数形式；复数主语，谓语用相应的复数形式。Ex. 1. 1)Kate _(like) singing while her brothers _(enjoy) dancing. 2) I _(be) fond of drawing. Tom _(be) into photography and _(
16、hope) to be a reporter in the future. However, his parents _(wish) him to be an architect.规则一 语法一致：Ex. 2. 1) The United Nations _ (be) going to send some troops to that region to keep peace. 2) The Olympic Games _(be) held every 4 years. 3) Our class _(be) a warm family and _(have) 45 students study
17、ing in it. Our class _(be) very hard-working.4) His family _(be) in Cardiff. His family all _(support) his decision. 规则二 意义一致：Ex. 3 1) Either you or he _(make) an apology at first.2) Not only my family but also my best friend _(be) against my choice. 3) Not he but you _(have) an out-of-date idea. 4)
18、 Neither you nor your friend _(have) passed the driving test. 5）_ he or you from Australia?规则三 就近一致Ex. 4. 1) My classmate with his parents _(be) going to Xian next week.2）You but he _(be) wrong. 3) Everyday work, including homework and housework, often _ (make) them very tired. 4) Students learning
19、methods as well as their learning habits and willpower _(decide) 第 4 页 共 4 页their achievements in studies. 规则四 就远一致Ex. 5. 1) More students than one _(be) late for school this morning. More than one student _(be) late for school this morning.2) Hunting and hiking in the field _ (bring) us much pleasu
20、re.3) Each boy and each girl _ his or her own secret.The professor and doctor _(have) found the cure of the disease.4) Many students _(be) present at the speech contest last week. Many a student _(be) present at the speech contest last week.5)The number of the people who attended the meeting _ (be)
21、73.A number of people _(be) invited to his wedding.6) A quantity of money _(have) been wasted.Quantities of money _(have) been wasted. 7)30% of their food _(be) supplied by this farm.30% of the students in the US _ (choose) to take a year off before going to university.8)At the school gate _(stand)
22、a clock tower.Present at the opening ceremony _ (be) all the students, staff and school leaders. 9) We have discussed the problem and reached an agreement on it. The rest of time _(be) for making a careful plan in details.How _(be) everything going? _ (be) anyone absent? 10) It is the people that _ (make) a history. A pair of glasses _(have) been ordered and will be sent to you tomorrow by post office.11) A million dollars _ (be) not a vast sum of money for him.Two hours _ (be) needed to deal with the problem.
