1、初中英语动词不定式十大考点解析动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为“to+动词原形“，to 为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。一、 动词不定式作主语To learn from your friends is important.=It is important to learn from your friends .To leave without saying goodbye is impolite.= It is impolite to leave without saying goodbye. To walk to school take
2、s me ten minutes.=It takes me ten minutes to walk to school.动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词 it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式 )置于后面。常见的句式有：(1)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth. (2)It is +名词(for sb)to do sth. (3)It takes sb some time to do sth. (4)It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth. 句式(1)中常用 nice， kind， clever， good， right
3、， wrong， foolish， careless 等形容词，与介词 of 搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质; 句式(4)中常用 hard， difficult， easy， important 等形容词，与介词 for 搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。1. Its our duty _ the room every day. A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans(甘肃省)2. Its hard for us _ English well. A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learnin
4、g(江西省)3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。It will _ the workers over a year _ _ the flyover.(北京市海淀区)4. Its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup.A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to(安徽省)二、动词不定式作宾语在 want， like， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， seem， decide， hate， choose， forget， rememb
5、er 等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用 it 作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。1. He wants _ some vegetables. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (山西省)2. Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school.A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (福建省)3. He found it very difficult _. A. sleeping B. sleep
6、sC. slept D. to fall asleep (湖南省)三、动词不定式作宾语补足语不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask， teach， expect， tell， allow 等。1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with (江苏省)2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese
7、friends _ Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked (甘肃省) 作句子的表语 ：不定式放在 be 动词后面，用作表语如：Her dream is to be a policeman. My job is to help the patient. Your task is to clean the classroom. My dream is to own a robot.The doctors suggestion is to take more exercise.The best way is to talk to you
8、r parents.His plan is to travel to Beijing this summer.四、动词不定式作状语go， come， try， do / try ones best 等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。1. She went _ her teacher. A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing (江西省)2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D.
9、learns (四川省) “be +形容词+ to do sth“结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式3. Im sorry _ that. A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear (河北省)4. Im sorry _ you. A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled (吉林省)5. My mother was very glad _ her old friend. A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets (甘肃省)在上述“too +形容词/副词(for sb)to
10、 do“(太而不能)和“enough (for sb) to do“( 足以、足够做)结构中，不定式作结果状语。6. The panda is so fat that it cant go through the hole.(改为意思相同的句子)The hole _ _ _ _ such a fat panda to go through. (广东省)7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldnt skate on it. (改为意思相同的句子)The ice on the lake wasnt _ enough _ people
11、_ _ _. (广东省)Keys： 6. is， too， small， for 7. thick， for， to， skate， on五、动词不定式作定语不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系;如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。1. Would you like something _? A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks (湖北省)2. I have a lot of homework _. A. do B. doing C. did D.
12、to do (河南省)3. He is not an easy man _. A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with (山东省)六、不带 to 的动词不定式1.在 see， watch， hear， feel 等感官动词和 make， have， let 等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带 to.但是在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式要带 to(let 没有被动语态)。2.在“had better“后面接不带 to 的不定式。1. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs. A
13、. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered (河南省)2. So much work usually makes them _ very tired. A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel (吉林省)3. Your father is sleeping. Youd better _. A. not wake up him B. not to wake up him C. not wake him up D. not to wake him up (陕西省)4. I was made _ my homework i
14、n the afternoon.A. do B. doing C. to do D. did (贵州省) 七、动词不定式的否定形式动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号 to 的前面加上 not，如果是不带 to 的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上 not.1. Mr Black asked the man _ the queue.A. not to jump B. to not jump C. didnt jump D. not jump (广西壮族自治区 )2. The old man told the child _ noisy A. not be B. not to be C. to n
15、ot be D. be not (湖北省)3. There is going to _ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try _ late.A. have， not to be B. have， not be C. be， not to be D. be， not be (内蒙古自治区)Key： 1. A 2. B 3. C八、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing 形式的区别一些常见的动词后面接不定式和接动词的-ing 形式的区别如下：“stop to do sth“意为“ 停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事 “，“stop doing sth“意为“
16、 停止正在做的事 “：“remember to do sth“意为“ 记住去做某事“(事还未做)，“remember doing sth“意为“ 记得做过某事“(事已做)：“go on to do sth“意为“接着做某事 “(做完一事，接着做另一事) ，“go on doing sth“意为“继续做某事 “(一事未做完接着往下做) ：“forget to do sth“意为“ 忘了做某事“( 事还未做) ，“forget doing sth“意为“ 忘了曾做过某事“( 事已做) 。need to do sth.需要做某事need doing sth. 需要被做go on to do sth.
17、继续做另一件事go on doing sth.继续做原来在做的事try to do 努力、企图做某事；try doing 实验、试着做某事；regret to do 对要做的事遗憾；regret doing 对做过的事遗憾；cant help(to)do 不能帮助做某事；cant help doing 禁不住做某事。1. Please stop _ a rest if you feel tired. A. to have B. having C. have D. has (广西壮族自治区)2. Why didnt you buy some bread on your way home?Sorr
18、y, I forgot _ some money with me. A. take B. taking C. to take D. took (湖北省)3. Lets have a rest, shall we?Not now, I cant stop _ the letters. A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write (湖北省)4. Jim was badly hurt, so he had to stop _ (walk). (用所给单词的正确形式填空)(四川省)在 see， hear， watch， feel 等感官动词后面可接不带 t
19、o 的不定式，也可接动词的-ing 形式作宾语补足语，用不定式表示动作的全过程(动作已结束)，用动词的-ing 形式表示动作正在进行(动作尚未结束)。5. When I was walking in the street I saw a plane _ over my head.A. flies B. flying C. flew D. to fly (福建省)6. A woman saw it _ when she was walking past. A. happen B. happens C. happening D. to happen 九、动词不定式的省略及其符号 to 的保留在口语
20、中，动词不定式中的动词或短语动词在上下文中重复出现时，第二个动词不定式可以省略，但是 to 不可省略。这种用法常见于 “be glad to“，“would like (love) to“，“have to“等结构中。1. Would you like to go to the cinema with us? Yes, _. What time are we going to meet?A. I would B. I would like C. I like to D. Id like to (浙江省)2. Would you like to go for a picnic with us?
21、_. What time are we going to meet?A. No, I cant B. Yes, Im glad C. Yes, Id love to D. Id like (大连市) 六、带疑问词的不定式短语动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词 what, which, who 或疑问副词 how, when, where, why 等。这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。要注意的是，why 后面的不定式不带 to。例如：I dont know what to try next. （作宾语）Where to go is not decided yet.（
22、作主语）注意：单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。What to do next?(=What will we / you do next?)Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?)在与 why 连用时，只用于 why 或 why not 开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带 to。Why not have a rest?How to do it is a problem.(=How we should do it.)I really dont know what to write about.(=what I should write about
23、)The trouble is where to put the machine.(=where we should put the machine)I asked him how to learn English well.(=how I could learn English well)He didnt know what to say.How to solve the problem is very important.My question is when to start.Please show us how to use the computer.I dont know what
24、to buy for you.二，选择1. My teacher was made _ his teachingbecause of poor health.A. giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up2.The sentence wants _ once more.A. explained B. to explain C. being explained D. explaining3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.A. having been B.
25、 to have beenC. to be D. being4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth_ for him without delay.A. to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weave5.I found the German language hard _.A. learned B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn6.The light in the office is still on.- Oh, I forgot _.A.
26、turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned it off7.-How do you deal with the disagreementbetween the company and the customers?-The key _ the problem is to meetthe demand _ by the customers.A. to solving, making B. to solving, madeC. to solve, making D. to solve, made8. -What do
27、 you think of the school?-It is a very good _.A. school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to study9. -Did you get a job?- No, I _ , but its no use.A. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned10.We find it impossible for the work _ahead of time.A. to finish B
28、. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train.-Why not _ there by boat for a change?A. to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go 12._ a living, she had to work from morning till night.A. To make B. MadeC. Making D. To have made13. I would rather st
29、arve to death than _for food.A. beg B. begging C. begged D. to beg14.The boy pretended _ when his motherentered.A. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read三、选择1. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have b
30、een studying2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects4. Having a trip abroad is certainl
31、y good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A. it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it6. The mother didnt know _ t
32、o blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. why 7. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning8. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met9. The
33、 boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to10. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A. to eat not B.eating not C. not to eat D.not eating11. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra
34、hours to finish a report.A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone12. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer.A. to invent B. inventingC. to have invented D. having invented13. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A. to be taken B. to takeC. being taken D.
35、taking14. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.A. To sleep B. SleepingC. Sleep D. Having sleep15. The teacher asked us _ so much noise.A. dont make B. not makeC. not making D. not to make四填空 Peter was_(make) outside. He _( be hear) unlock the door and go out. The man was seen _( shoot)
36、the woman on the street. The old lady was noticed_(wipe)her face with a handkerchief. I forgot to ask you _go to the bank. It is very important _(turn off)the electricity before you check the machine. I know how _(make) a mouse out of my handkerchief. Luckily, we dont have much more work_. She was v
37、ery pleased _(have)the opportunity to travel while she was young. She has been very successful in her work, and now her greatest wish is _(get)married and have a child.五、真题练习1. My mother often asks me_early. (2003 年北京)A. get up B. got up C. getting up D. to get up2. The teacher told her students_in
38、public. (2003 年黑龙江)A. not to shout B. didnt shout C. not shout D. to not shout3 _is difficult to work on the Great Wall. (2002 年甘肃省)A. This B. It C. That D. Its4 Its nice_you_me with my maths. (2002 年深圳市)A. for; to help B. for; helpingC. of; to help D. of; helping 5They decided_at the end of this mo
39、nth. (2002 年济南市)A. to leave B. goingC. travel D. not start out6 All of us found_difficult to work out the maths problem.A. what B. that C. which D. it 7 Please stop_a rest if you feel tired. (2002 年南宁市)A. to have B. havingC. have D. has8,Theres enough bird food_for a month. (2001 年山西省)A. to last B.
40、last C. lasts D. lasted9,She has no paper_. (2001 年重庆市)A. to write B. to write with C. write on D. to write on 10 Mother asked me_some fruit after supper. (2003 年新疆生产建设兵团)A. buy B. bought C. buying D. to buy11. Let him_a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk. (2003 年济南市)A. have B. gets
41、C. to take D. has12 It was raining heavily outside. The father made the children_in the room. (2003年桂林市)A. to stay B. stay C. staying D. stayed13.-I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zhangs home just now.-Yes, she is often seen_the old man with his housework. (2003 年呼和浩特市)A. help B. to help C. helps D. helped
42、14 Yesterday morning I got up early_be late for the exam. (2002 年上海市)A. in order to B. in order to not C. so as not to D. so as to15 Lets_so as not_late for the meeting.A. to hurry, to B. to hurry, to be C. hurry, to be D. hurry, be16 Theres no difference between the two words. I really dont know_.
43、(2003 年河南)A. what to choose B. which to chooseC. to choose which D. to choose what17 The students of Class One will spend their winter holiday in Shenzhen, but the students of Class Two havent decided_. (2003 年广东省)A. what to buy B. how to goC. where to go D. which to choose18_the computer is a probl
44、em.A. How to use B. What to useC. Which to use D. Where to use19, -You look rather tired._stop to take a rest? -All right. But Ill have to work for a few more minutes. (2002 年呼和浩特市)A. Why not B. Do you C. What about D. How about20,The TV set is too loud. Will you please_? (2002 年哈尔滨市)A. turn down it
45、 B. turn it downC. to turn it down D. to turn down it六单选1. Youd better_your coat. Its cold outside.a. put on b.to put on c. putting on d. puts on2. We began_English five years ago.a. learn b. learned c. to learn d. to be learned3. The Frenchman didnt know_this word in Chinese.a. how to tell b. how s
46、ayc. how to say d. how talk4. His mother made him_the floor every day.a. sweeps b. to sweep c. sweeping d. sweep5. She was heard_an English song in her room last night.a. sing b. sang c. to sing d. singing6. Peter asked me_him with his chemistry.a. help b. helping c. helped d. to help7. It is good for us_morning exercises.a. do b. to do c. did d. done8. The teacher told us_in bed.a. dont read b. read not c. to not read
