1、1北 京 林 业 大 学2005 年硕士研究生入学考试 语言学基础知识 参考答案I. 多选题：共 30 分，15 题，每题 2 分。评分须知：如果答案为一个选项，则答对给 2 分，答错不给分；如果答案为两个选项，则答对一个给 1 分，答对两个给 2 分；如果答案为 3 个选项，则答对两个给 1 分，答对三个给 2 分，只答对一个或没有答对不给分。答案：1. C 2. BCD 3. D 4. B 5. B6. A 7. ABC 8. ABD 9. CD 10. C11. ABC 12. A 13. C 14. BCD 15. ABDII. 正误题：共 20 分，10 题，每题 2 分。评分须知：
2、判断正确给 2 分，判断错误不给分。答案：1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T6. F 7. F 8. T 9. T 10. TIII. 解词：共 25 分，5 题，每题 5 分。评分须知：根据考生回答完整情况给分。答案：1. Displacement means that language can be used to symbolize objects, events and concepts in the past, present, or future or in far-away places. The property of language enables speak
3、ers to have an opportunity to talk about a wide range of things, free form the barriers caused by remoteness in time and place.2. Morpheme is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and content, a unit that cannot be divided into further smaller units without destro
4、ying or drastically altering the meaning, whether it is lexical or grammatical. 3. Binding Theory (Chomsky 1981: 188) Binding is a notion borrowed from logic. Chomsky (1981: 188) expresses binding theory as:i. An anaphor is bound in its governing category.2ii. A pronominal is free in its governing c
5、ategory.iii. An r-expression is free.4. Hyponymy is a matter of class membership. The upper term in this sense relation, i.e. the class name, is called superordinate, and the lower terms, the members, hyponyms. A superordinate usually has several hyponyms.5. Stream of Consciousness Writing The term
6、was originally coined by the W. J. to describe the free association of ideas and impressions in the mind. It was later applied to the writing of W. Faulkner, J. Joyce, V. Woolf and others experimenting early in the 20th century with novelistic portrayal of the free flow of thought.IV. 答题：共 75 分, 选答
7、3 题，每题 25 分。评分须知：选答四题中的三题。每题 25 分，满分 75 分。如考生回答了全部问题，只计算分数最高的三题记入总分。1. Discuss the concepts of coarticulation and assimilation. (25 points)答案要点和分值：1) Coarticulation is a term of phonetics while assimilation is a term of phonology. (5)2) Cause: speech is a continuous process (5)3) Types: anticipatory
8、/perseverative coarticulation, regressive/progressive assimilation. (6) 4) Appropriate examples, esp. nasalization, velarization, cross syllabic and cross word boundaries; English fricative devoicing. (9)2. Cite examples from English and Chinese to illustrate the variationist perspective of language
9、. (25 points)答案要点和分值：1) An important area of sociolinguistics (5)2) Situational variations (6)3) Social variations (6)4) Appropriate examples from Chinese and English (8)3. Make a stylistic analysis of the poem. (25 points)答案要点和分值：1) Information about the poem (5)2) Form: layout (3 quatrains and a c
10、ouplet = sonnet), number of lines (14), length of lines (10 syllables) (8)3) Sound patterning: metre (iambic pentametre), rhymes (ababcdcdefefgg), other forms of sound patterning (eg alliteration) (6)4) Language: figurative use of language, syntax, punctuation, register, intertextual allusion etc. (
11、6)34. Cite examples from English and Chinese to show how the CP is violated in actual conversations, with reference to the concept of conversational implicature. (25 points)答案要点和分值：1) Relation between CP and CI. (5)2) Two types of CP violation (deliberate vs. non-deliberate). (6)3) CI. (6)4) Appropriate examples. (8)
