1、全国 2011 年 1 月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement. (20%)1. Language is _, which means that speech is pri
2、mary while writing is secondary. ( )A. arbitrary B. dualC. vocal D. symbolic2. In its narrow sense“_” is contrasted with other cultures. ( )A. a language B. a cultureC. a human behaviour D. a thinking pattern3. _ meaning is what a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances of itsuse. (
3、 )A. Social B. ReflectedC. Thematic D. Conceptual4. “Equalitarianism” is a _word in English. ( )A. new B. negativeC. neutral D. positive5. In English _morphemes are inflectional morphemes representing such categories as number, case, tense, etc. ( )A. derivational B. freeC. grammatical D. bound6. On
4、omatopoeic words are mainly used as nouns and verbs in ( ).A. Chinese B. EnglishC. both English and Chinese D. neither English nor Chinese7. Which of the following expressions can function as a way of greeting others? ( )A. Who is calling?B. How is everything?C.I beg your pardon.D. Would you like to
5、 come to dinner next Saturday?8. In English speaking culture,“ _ ”is used when people need to pass in front of others. ( )A. I am sorry. B. Let me go, please.C. Excuse me. D. Its OK.9. _ means the drawing of a general conclusion from a number of known facts. ( )A. Deduction B. InductionC. Introducti
6、on D. Production10. “Romeo” is a/an _ originated from Shakespeares play. ( )A. proverb B. idiomC. allusion D. simile11. “My hands are as cold as ice” is an example of _. ( )A. similes B. metaphorsC. proverbs D. allusions12. “He was _ over his dismissal.” simply means “He was sad for his dismissal”.
7、( )A. green B. greyC. pink D. blue13. In English culture, a praise is normally accepted with appreciation. So“_” might function roughly the same in English as “哪里”in Chinese. ( )A. No. B. Its very kind of you to say so.C. Where? D. Not at all.14. Which of the following topics is NOT a taboo in the c
8、onversation with a westerner? ( )A. Personal income B. SportsC. Political views D. Religious beliefs15. Slums where the poor and the coloured races live may be referred to as _ .( )A. downtown B. uptownC. ethnic neighbourhood D. racial neighbourhood16. Are you going home?Yes, I am.The above sentence
9、s exhibit _. ( )A. coherence B. cohesionC. paradox D. coexistence17. John didnt go to Japan. Instead, he went to France.The logical relationship between the above sentences is ( ).A. additive B. adversativeC. causal D. temporal18. The most striking phonetic difference between American and British En
10、glish is the pronunciation of _ in words. ( )A. “r” B. “a”C. “wh” D. “er”19. “Chewing ones finger nails” signifies _. ( )A. contempt B. guiltyC.happiness D. worry20. The expression “to kick the bucket” means_. ( )A. “to be angry” B. “to go away”C. “to die” D. “to get out”II. Each of the following in
11、complete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)21. “The door locks easily. ” illustrates the fact that _ in English. ( )A. gramma
12、tical morphemes are still importantB. implicit passives are acceptableC. nouns can be pluralizedD. verbs can be followed by adjectives22. “Self-made man” is a positive expression in English because English culture emphasizes_. ( )A. individualism B. independenceC. privacy D. aggression23. “To be all
13、 thumbs” is synonymous to_. ( )A. “to be clumsy” B. “to be proud”C. “to be good at doing something” D. “to be bad at doing something”24. It is safe to say that language is an instrument used in _ of thought. ( )A. communication B. shapingC. expression D. generation25. The examples of allusions from
14、history are _. ( )A. a Trojan horse B. MarathonC. Waterloo D. an Uncle Tom26. Which of the following are examples of metaphorical expressions in daily conversations? ( )A. Pop looked so unhappy, almost like a child who has lost his piece of candy.B. What he said left a bad taste in my mouth.C. He is
15、 a father of modern biology.D. Here is an idea that Id like to plant in your mind.27. Honorifics are very often used to show _ to ones interlocutors no matter whether they are of higher social status. ( )A. contempt B. respectC. politeness D. jealousy28. Which of the following are related to the spe
16、aking style? ( )A. Frozen B. FormalC. Casual D. Intimate29. Which of the following English brand names are coinages? ( )A. Trane B. PlaytexC. Pierre D. Cartan30. Body language includes such meaning representing devices as ( ).A. artifacts B. gesturesC. dress D. facial expressions. Fill in each under
17、lined space with a proper expression. (20%)31. The statement “Languages differ not so much as to what can be said in them, but rather as to what it is relatively easy to say in them.” shows that language influences_.32. The kinship terms “brother”, “sister”, and others show that _of the relatives of
18、 the same generation is often ignored in English.33. English is more _than Chinese as far as the connection between language elements within or beyond sentences is concerned.34. In English speaking culture, it is _for a male English speaker to compliment on females on their good looks.35. “To hit an
19、d run” is an allusion related to_.36. Sometimes English people will tell a white _, when they feel it is merely more convenient or polite than telling the truth.37. _are pleasant, polite or harmless sounding words or expressions used to mask harsh, rude or infamous truths.38. Hypotactic relations at
20、 the sentential level refer to constructions whose components are linked through the use of_.39. To respond to ones compliment, people in English speaking countries tend to say “_”.40. Of the five categories of gestures _ are perhaps the most important one because they are intentional behaviours wit
21、h widely agreed meanings in a society.IV. Answer the following questions briefly. (12%)41. Why is it said that the relationship between language and culture is not simply that between a part and the whole?42. What does the word “peasant” in English connote?43. From which language is the word “cookie
22、” borrowed?44. What is a future-oriented society?V. Translation. (18%)45. Not for al! the tea in China.46. He is a blue-collar worker.47. If the change is a major one involving substance, I will appreciate your letting me know beforehand.48.您有何高见?49.他抓住我的胳膊。50.你穿这件毛衣很好。VI. Discuss the following topi
23、cs. (20%)51. Are “please” in English and “请” in Chinese used in the same way in communication? If they are not, what differences can you find between them?52. It is said that the frequent use of honorifics in Chinese is associated with the traditional stratified society and a long history of civilization. Why?
