1、初三英语中考总复习资料 这一讲里，主要帮助同学们掌握名词、冠词、数词的用法，特别是针对同学不易掌握的方面。一、名词 关于名词，我们必须掌握名词的数，名词的格。单数可用 a、an 来修饰可数名词单数，在元音发音开头的单词前用 an，而不是 a1.复数的构成方法：(1)一般在复数名词后加 s，如：dog-dogs 。(2)以 s、 x、ch、sh 结尾的名词加 es，如：watch-watches 。(3)以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词，变 y 为 i 加 es， 如：country-countries 。请区别：如果是元音字母加 y 结尾的名词，则只须加 s。 如：monkey-monkeys。
2、(4)以 o 结尾的名词，只有 potato(土豆)，tomato(西红柿)加 es 构成复数。(5)以 f、 fe 结尾的名词，变 f、fe 为 v 再加 es， 如：knife-knives。 2.单复数形式相同的词：sheep-sheep，fish-fish Chinese-Chinese，Japanese-Japanese3.特殊变化的单词有：(1)tooth-teeth，foot-feeth(2)man-men，woman-women，policeman-policemen,Frenchman-Frenchmen请区别：German(德国人)Germans (3)childchild
3、ren 4.常以复数形式出现的名词：people( 人)，clothes(衣服) ，trousers(裤子) glasses(眼镜) ,这些名词作主语时，同学们应特别注意它们的谓语，用复数。 如：My clothes are (be) newer than yours. 5.有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的，应特别加以记忆。如：news( 消息)，maths(数学) ，physics(物理) No news is good news. 6.可用 how many，many，a few，few，a lot of，lots of，some ，any 等来修饰可数名词复数。
4、 How many are there in your pencil-box?(knife) 不可数名词：1.常见的不可数名词有： water，rice，fish， meat，等。应特别记medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood.2.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。如：Some bread_over there.(be) 3.常用 how much,much,a little,little,a lot of,some,any 等来修饰不可数名词。 4.常用 a piece of,a cup
5、of 等来表示不可数名词的量。如要表达“ 两片面包”这样的意义，bread 仍为不可数名词，不加 s，而 piece 则可加 s。即：twopiecesof bread请区别：可数名词也可用量来表示， 如：三箱苹果 three boxes of apples 例： 1、These two pieces of bread _over there.(be) 2、 Could I have three _,please？A.piece of bread B.piece of breads C.pieces of bread D.pieces of breads 名词的格 名词所有格的构成方法，在名词
6、后加“ s”。如：TomToms 译为“的” ，若遇上以 s 结尾的复数名词，则在 s 后加“ ”即可。如：TeachersDay , twoweeksholiday，而不以s 结尾的复数名词的所有格，仍按惯例加s 。如：Childrens Day 关于名词所有格，应掌握以下几点： 1.可用名词所有格表示地点。 如：my aunts 我姑姑家。 go to the doctors 去医生家。 2.表示两人共同拥有，在最后一个名词后加s 如：Lucy and Lilys 露西和莉莉的 3.掌握词组：a girl of five 一个五岁的女孩 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友eg;
7、The white shirt is and blue one is . A、Kate,my B.Kates,mine C.Kate,mine D.Kates,my二、冠词冠词是词汇中的基础的，也是简单的部分，所以同学们有必要掌握其基本用法，归纳起来，同学们应该掌握以下几点： 1.冠词指不定冠词 a,an 和定冠词 the 2.不定冠词 an 常用于元音发音开头的词前，如：an hour,an English car. 请区别：a useful machine 3.指上文提到过的人或物，用定冠词 the 4.在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词 the.如：the sun,the moon,the
8、 earth 5.定冠词 the 用于序数词前，表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前。如：the first,the best ,in the south6.在复数姓氏前加 the，表示一家人，常看成复数。如：The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.7.在介词短语中常用定冠词 the，如：in the box ,behind the chair8.特别注意不能用定冠词 the 的几个方面：(1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如：in summer,in August请区别：in the spring of 1
9、945. (这里表示特指，故加 the)(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。 如：have breakfast ,play football(3)一些固定词组中，如：go to bed ,go to school,by bus ,at night.9.在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别：in front of 在前面 in the hospital 在医院里 in the front of 在范围内的前部 in hospital (生病)住院 练习:Theres _800-metre-long road behind _hospital. A.an,an B.a, a C.an,
10、 the D.a, the三、数词同学们首先应会读会写所有基数词和序数词，以及与数词有关的钟点表达法。对数词的考查，中考常采用单选题及听力题，这些题型归纳起来，应掌握以下几点特别容易出错的地方。1.基数词变序数词。其规律为：1,2,3 特殊记，加 th 从 4 起 (first,second,third,fourth)8 少 t， 9 去 e，千万别忘记 (eighth,ninth) 逢 5 逢 12，ve 变 f (fifth,twelfth)20 到 90，y 要变 ie (twentieth,ninetieth) 若是几十几，前基后序别倒位 (ninety-first)2.hundred
11、,thousand,million 在构成具体的数字时用单数形式。 如：five hundred people. 只有在表达笼统的多数时才加 s，构成复数形式。hundreds of 数以百计的，成百上千的 thousands of 数以千计的，成千上万的millions of 数百万的 这些词组前不能用具体数字。 3.序数词常与定冠词 the 连用。练习: Henry has learned eight _ French words this year.A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundred of D.hundreds ofThe _lesson is the most
12、 difficult one in Book Two. (twenty) 另外，同学们还应掌握与数词有关的钟点表达法。顺读法(钟点分钟) 如： 4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty-five4:15 four fifteen 倒读法(分钟topast钟点) 如：4:30 half past four4:15 fifteen past foura quarter past four 4:45 fifteen to fivea quarter to five练习题 :1.At the beginning of the_(twenty) century,the world
13、s population was about1700 million. 2.Are these_(watch)yours? Yes. 3.You dont look well.Youd better go to the_(doctor) at once. 4.Would you give me_,please?A.two papers B.two piece of paper C.two pieces of paper D.two pieces of papers 5.There are three_and seven_in the picture.A.monkeys,sheeps B.mon
14、keys,sheep C.monkies,sheep D.monkies,sheeps 6.A lot of_are talking with two_. A.Germans,Frenchmans B.Germen,Frenchmans C.German, Frenchmen D.Germans,Frenchmen 7.June 1 is _. A.the Childrens Day B.the Childrens Day C.Childrens Day D.Childrens Day8._people went out to see what had happened.A.Thousands
15、 of B.Three thousand ofC.Thousand of D.Three thousands 9.We have been in the school for_. A.three and a half month B.three and a half monthsC.three month and a half D.three months and half 10._English is_ useful language. A.A, an B./, a C.The, an D. A, /11.John was given _ orange bag for his birthda
16、y but _ bag was lost just now. A.an,a B.a,the C.the,a D.an,the12.Theres _ old tree near _ house. A.a,an B.an,the C.a,the D.the,a13.There is _ 800-metre-long road behind _ hospital.A.an,an B.a,a C.an,the D.a,the 四.代词人称代词: 主格: 单数 I 、you 、he 、she 、it 复数 we 、you 、they宾格: 单数 me 、you 、him 、her 、it 复数 us 、
17、you 、them物主代词: 形容词性 my 、your 、his 、her 、its 、our 、your 、their名词性 mine 、 yours 、his 、hers 、its 、ours 、yours 、theirs反身代词: myself 、yourself 、himself 、herself 、itself 、ourselves 、yourselves 、themselves1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语，相当于一个形容词，名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语，相当于一个名词。 2.注意名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系,是单数还是复数。 如：These books a
18、rent ours. Ours are new. (这里 ours=our books)This is not our room. Ours is over there. (这里 ours=our room) 3.“of+名词性物主代词“表示所属 如：a sister of his 他的一个妹妹 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友 4.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为：“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”。如：You, she and I all enjoy the music. 5.关于反身代词，同学们须掌握其固定结构：enjoy oneself=have a good time (过得
19、很愉快) by oneself=alone (单独、独自)help oneself to (随便吃/喝 些.) learn sth. by oneself =teach oneself sth. (自学) 练习题 1.-Whose trousers are these? -_, I think. A.They B.Their C.Theirs D.Them 2. Nobody taught_English. He taught_. A.him, himself B.his, himself C.him, by himself D.his, his（二） 修饰可数名词 many few 表否定意
20、义 a few 表肯定意义 修饰不数名词 much little 表否定意义 a little 表肯定意义 few 和 little 与 quite 或 only 连用时，常加不定冠词 a.如:There are quite a few new books in the library.=用 little, a little, few, a few 填空:1.I often stay at home because I have _ friends here. 2.Jim,dont go and get some water. There is _ water in the glass.3.T
21、hough he learned French only _ weeks. He can speak very well. 4.Lily had _ bread because she was hungry yesterday. （三）不定代词: something, anything, nothing.当形容词修饰这三个不定代词时，常后置。 如：something newTheres _ in todays newspaper. 中考题 A.important anything B.important something C.anything important D.something im
22、portant (四)另外，还要注意代词 some, every, all, both, either, another1.some（一些，某） 一般用于肯定句中 注：some 有时也可用于表示请求的疑问句中。any（任何） 多用于疑问句和否定句 Will you give me some water? Would you like some meat? May I ask some questions? Could I have some apples? 2.every单数名词 “每一个” 强调共性，作定语,形式上为单数。each “每一个 ” 强调个性，作定语、主语、宾语和同位语，常与 o
23、f 连用。 如 : Each student was asked to try again. Each of them has a nice skirt.Every child likes playing games. 3.all “(全部)都” 表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时，一般放在连系、助动词之后，行为动词之前。none “没有”表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介词 of如： We are all from Canada. = All of us are from Canada.None of us is/are afraid of dogs.（单、复数均可） 4.both “（两者）都
24、” ,作主语时，看作复数；作定语时，后跟名词复数。 either “两者中任何一个” ,作主语时，谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时，后跟名词单数。neither “(两者) 都不”,含有否定意义，用法同 either。 如：They both swim well. Both of them swim well. There are trees on both sides of the street. = There are trees on either side of the street. Neither of us is going to Beijing next week. Neither
25、 answer is right. 5. another +单数名词 , “另一个 ”one the other “一个，另一个 ” the other +复数名词 = the others “其他的人或物” （指确定范围内剩下的全部） others “别人”(五)疑问代词 5 个“wh”, 即 who, whose, whom, what, which这里，which 是同学们不易掌握的内容，其实，同学们只须记住，对作定语的内容提问，常用 which. 例如: I like the red shirt. _ _ do you like ?初三英语中考总复习资料初三英语中考总复习资料重要的短语
26、、句型和惯用法（一）1. get on/off(the bus) 上/下车 get up 起床 get ready for 为 .作准备get oneself dressed 自己穿衣服get well (better) 身体好 get in 进入，收集get sb.sth.=get sth.for sb. 为某人买某物get on well with sb/sth. 与某人相处很好，.进展顺利2. have an accident 出事故 have a good time =enjoy oneself 玩得很高兴have a cold wet day 天气又冷又湿 have a cough
27、咳嗽 have a drink(of). 喝一杯.have a talk 听报告have lunch 吃午饭 have.for lunch 午饭吃.have a meeting 开会have no idea 不知道have a rest 休息一下3. make a mistake 犯错误mistake A for B 把 A 错认为 Btake sth. by mistake 错拿某物4. make friends with 与.交朋友make faces 做鬼脸make a fire 生火 make an excuse 找籍口make a.sound 发.音 make tea 沏茶make
28、room for. 为.找出空间make it 如期赴约make a team 组成一个队eg.Lets make it half past one. 注意：时间前不用介词 at 5. turn sth. on/off 打开/关掉. turn sth. up/down 把. 音量开大/小注意：当 sth 是代词时，常放中间6. try sth. on 试穿（衣、鞋、帽） 注意：当 sth 为 it 或 them, 常放中间 try out 试验、尝试try ones best to do sth. 尽力干某事=do ones best to do sth. 7. send sb. away 开
29、除、解雇某人 send for sb. 派人去请某人send up 发射 8. hear from sb 收到. 的来信 hear of 听说 9. hurry off 匆匆离去，赶快去 hurry up 赶快 10. get to +名词 get +副词(不用 to) reach+名词 /副词 arrive in/at +大 /小地点 （后接副词，不用 at/in） eg. get to Shanghai、reach Shanghai 、arrive in Shanghai 到达上海eg. reach home、get home、arrive home 到家 11. teach sb. En
30、glish 教某人英语 teach oneself=learn sth.by oneself 自学 12.到 .末为止 by the end of +过去时间 （用于过去完成时）by the end of +将来时间 （用于一般将来时）at the end of+地点 在.尽头 in the end= at last 最后，终于 13. hundreds of 成百上千 thousands of 成千上万的 millions of 成百万的 14. be pleased to do sth 很高兴地干某事 be pleased with sth. 为某事而高兴 15. be used for
31、被用来 be used as 被当作 be used by 被. 所使用16. so far 到目前为止，用于现在完成时 17. on a Tuesday morning 一个星期二的早上on the morning of June 15th.1998 在 1998 年 6 月 15 日早上 18. keep sb.doing sth. 让某人一直干某事 keep doing sth. 继续做某事keep on doing sth. 持续不断地做某事 19. much too+形容词副词原级 实在太.too much+不可数名词 相当多的. eg. Its _ expensive. I can
32、t buy it.Theres _ rain this year. 20. thanks to.由于，多亏thanks to ones help=because of ones help 由于某人的帮忙 thanks for ones help 谢谢某人的帮助21. be far away froma place/sb 远离某地22. wear out 穿坏、穿旧、用尽 常用于被动语态。其 P.P 为 wornsell out 售完 卖完23. two-month holiday=two months holiday 二个月的假期24. fall asleep 入睡（进入状态）get to s
33、leep 入睡（还没睡着）25. stop sb.from doing sth. 阻止某人干某事 eg. She stopped the child from listening. stop doing sth. 停止干某事，不再干某事 stop to do sth. 停止下来干另一件事。 26. hardly any +n. 几乎没有. 27. quite a/an+形容词名词 一个相当.eg. Two months is quite a long time.a very 形容词+ 名词 eg. English is a very useful language.28. be afraid
34、of+名词 害怕. be afraid to+动词 担心、害怕. be afraid that+从句 恐怕.29. so+形容词 so strong so beautiful such+形容词+名词 (复数或不可数)such beautiful pictures such nice smell such + a/an+形容词+名词（单数）such an interesting story30. feel like doing 想干某事 31. be made/grown/produced三个词的被动语态都可解释为“生产”归类: 机器一类make(制造)盐.糖 .丝绸 produce (经机器加
35、工生产 ) 农作物、水果grow (人工种出来的) 32. finish doing sth. 做完某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于干某事go on doing sth. 继续干某事be always doing 老是干某事33. hope to do sth. 希望干某事 .hope that.希望某人干某事 ,不可用hope sb.to do sth.34. in surprise 惊奇地（作状语） be surprised at sb. 对某人的举动感到诧异be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶 35. no space(room) to sta
36、nd in 没有站的地方、空间 36. be angry with sb. 生某人的气agree with sb. 同意某人的观点 with ones help 在某人的帮助下 选择题： 1.They arrived _ London_ a cold winter night.A.at, in B.in, on C.at, on D.in, at 2.Its rather cold today.Youd better _ more clothes before you go out.A.put on B.wear C.to put on D.to wear 3.You must be very
37、 tired. Why not _ a rest?A.stop taking B.stop to take C.to stop taking D.to stop to take4._, Ive caught up with my classmates in my English studies.A.Under his help B.With his help C.Under the help of him D.With the help of him5.Mother told me _ in the sun. A.not read B.dont read C.read not D.not to
38、 read6.Watching TV _ is bad for your eyes. A.much too B.many too C.too much D.too many 7.Those foreign visitors _ our city the day before yesterday.A.arrived B.reached C.reached to D.got in8.She asked me to help her _ her Chinese. A.at B.with C.for D.on9.Look _ the words in the dictionary when you d
39、ont know _ they mean.A.up, what B.up, that C.for, that D.for, what 10.One after another, three of them _.A.fell asleep B.got to asleep C.went to asleep D.were sleeping完成句子： 1.你想不想喝杯桔子汁？ Do you _ _drinking a glass of orange? 2.小杨毕业离校以来，我们从未收到他的来信。We have never _ _ Xiao Yang since he _ school for the
40、last time. 3.人们兴建绿色长城是为了阻止风将土刮走。People started to build the Great Green Wall _ _ it could stop the wind from _ the earth away.4.魏华把你错当成他的兄弟，是吗？Wei Hua _ you _ his brother,didnt she? 重要的短语、句型和惯用法（二）1.There be 结构a.这是英语中常见的一种结构，表示“某地有某物”其含义为 “存在有”。eg.There are twenty girls in our class.have 也解释为“ 有”但是与
41、 there be 有区别，它的含义是“所有，属有” ，其主语为某人。eg.I have a nice watch. b.There be 结构中的 be 动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致。 c.There is a river near our school.否：There is not a river near our school.问：Is there a river near our school.回答：Yes, there is. No, there isnt.划How many rivers are there near our school? Whats near our schoo
42、l? d.there be 结构的一般将来时，同学们较难掌握，其正确形式为：there is going to be e.反意疑问句的构成：There is no water in the glass, is there?There is going to _ a football match this afternoon. A.have B.watch C.be D.playThey were sure that they were going to _ a rest. A.be B.have C.be on D.on2.so,neither 引导的倒装句,为了避免和前一句话的内容重复，英语
43、中习惯用 so,neither 引导的倒装句。 a.So+be(助动词，情态动词)+主语。表示某人也是如此。eg.Mike has bought some foreign stamps. So has Bob.=Bob has bought some,too. b.Neither+be(助动词，情态动词 )主语，表示某人也不。eg.Mother has never been to Japan. Neither has Father.=Father has never been to Japan, either.c.So主语be(助动词，情态动词)。表示果真如此( 赞同), 请同学们与 a.区别
44、。eg.A:Mike is right in the classroom. B:So he is.=He is really in the class room. 3.Its+时间+since 动词过去式。自从.起已有.时间了。Its two weeks since we met last.(自从我们上次见面已有两个星期了 )How long is it since we left Beijing?(自从我们离开北京已有多久了4.祈使句+and (那么).eg.Go straight on and youll see a school.=If you go straight on, youll
45、 see a school. 5.祈使句+or. 否则.eg.Work hard, or you will fall behind the other students. =If you dont work hard, youll fall behind the other6. The+比较级.，the+比较级. 越.越.eg. The more, the better. 越多越好。The harder you work on it, the better youll be at it.(你越用功，你就越好。)7.How do you like the film? =What do you t
46、hink of the film? (你认为这部电影怎样？)8.What.do with.?怎样对付.?怎样处理.?虽然中文为怎样，我们绝不可照字面翻译为 how. eg.A:What have you done with the library book? B:Ive just returned it to the library.9.I dont know what to do.我不知道该怎么办？ I dont know how to do. 10.What.be like?.是什么样的？ eg. Whats the weather like? 天气如何？Whats your school like? 你们学校是什么样的？11.What.for?为何目的？为什么？eg.What do you want a science lab for?=Why do you want a science lab?12.one of +最高级复数 最.之一 eg.Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers.13.find it +形容词+to do eg.I find it useful to learn English well. (我发觉学好英语是很有用的)find +宾语 +名词 eg.I f
