1、美国文学赏析整理1一I heard the merry grasshopper then sing,The black-clad cricket bear a second part,They kept one tune, and played on the same string,Seeming to glory in their little art.Shall creatures abject thus their voices raise?And in their kind resound their makers praise,Whilst I, as mute, can warbl
2、e forth no higher lays?“Under the cooling shadow of a stately Elm,Close state I by a goodly Rivers side,Where gliding streams the Rocks did overwhelm;A lonely place with pleasures dignifid.I once that lovd the shady woods so well,Now thought the rivers did the trees excel,And if the sun would ever s
3、hine there would I dwell.“While musing thus with contemplation fed,And thousand fancies buzzing in my brain,The sweet tongud Philomel percht oer my head,And chanted forth a most melodious strain,Which rapt me so with wonder and delight,I judgd my hearing better than my sight.题目：the 9th of Contemplat
4、ions作者：Anne Bradstreet赏析：1. Rhyme royal: sevenline iambic petametre 七行五步抑扬格2. Rhyme: ababccc3. Theme: religion4. 象征：black-clad=death; abject=admitting defeat; maker= god5. A genuine expression of poetic feeling in the presence of nature. The poem offers the reader an insight into the mentality of th
5、e early Puritan pioneering in a new world. The poet heard the grasshopper and the cricket sing, and she searched for her own soul accordingly. 6. She saw sth metaphysical inhering in the physical, a mode of perception which was singularly Puritan二It was about this time I conceived the bold and arduo
6、us project of arriving at moral perfection. I wished to live without committing any fault at any time; I would conquer all that either natural inclination, custom, or company might lead me into. As I knew, or thought I knew, what was right and wrong, I did not see why I might not always do the one a
7、nd avoid the other. But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficulty than I had imagined. While my care was employed in guarding against one fault, I was often surprised by another; habit took the advantage of inattention; inclination was sometimes too strong for reason. I concluded, at l
8、ength, that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not sufficient to prevent our slipping and that the contrary habits must be broken, and good ones acquired and established, before we can have any dependence on a steady, uniform rectitude of conduct.
9、For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method.In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading, I found the catalog more or less numerous, as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name. Temperance, for example, was by some confined t
10、o eating and drinking, while by others it was extended to mean the moderating every other pleasure, appetite, inclination, or passion bodily or mental, even to our avarice and ambition, I proposed to myself, for the sake of clearness, to use rather more names, with fewer ideas annexed to each, than
11、a few names with more ideas; and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time occurred to me as necessary or desirable, and annexed to each a short precept, which fully expressed the extent I gave to its meaning.美国文学赏析整理2题目：Autobiography作者：Benjamin Franklin赏析：1. One of Benjamin F
12、ranklins literary successes. 1771-1788, incomplete when he died.2. Purpose: to make the experience of his own career, the conduct and habit of life which had led to success in his own case, a source of help and inspiration to others.3. The story of his struggles, errors, experiments with himself, ac
13、complishment.4. Wonderful frankness The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm, Mounts through all the spires of form.题目： Nature作者： Ralph Waldo Emerson赏析：1. Transcendentalism2. Prose: casual style (derived from his journals or lectures);Ch
14、aracterized by a series of short, declarative sentences, which are quite logically connected but will flower out into illustrative statements of truth and thoughts. Comparisons and metaphors to make the general ideas of his works clearly 美国文学赏析整理3expressed.Employ literary sources to make and enrich
15、his own points but never let them take the full reins of his discussion.五Hester Prynne 女主角Roger Chillingworth 女主角的丈夫Arthur Dimmesdale 牧师。女主角通奸的对象Pearl 女儿“On a field, sable, the letter A, gules”题目：The Scarlet Letter作者：Nathaniel Hawthorne赏析：1. A story of rebellion within an emotionally constricted Pur
16、itan society.2. Undisputed masterpiece of Hawthorne. Reveal Hawthornes superb craftsmanship3. Modern psychological insight; secret motivations in human behaviour; guilt not a real sinner; sinful just in the sinful eyes of the conventional Puritans.7. Chillingworth: physician, cold observer of life,
17、looking on mankind as the subject of experiment; lost in revenge; not true to himself/others/God; real villain of the story, true sinner.8. Dimmesdale: partner of Hesters sin; the concealment of the first sin led to the second sin; no longer true to God/others, but kept true to himself; intellectual
18、 arrogance suffer most in story.六Ahab / Pequod/Ishmael题目：Moby Dick作者：Herman Melville赏析：1. Ahab: captain of the whaling ship2. Pequod: name of the whaling ship3. Theme: the rebellious struggle of Captain Ahab against the overwhelming, mysterious vastness of the universe and its awesome sometimes merc
19、iless forces.4. Symbols The voyage= a search for truth;美国文学赏析整理4Moby Dick= nature (complex, unfathomable, malignant, beautiful), an ultimate mystery of universe.七Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary,Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore,While I nodded, nearl
20、y napping, suddenly there came a tapping,As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.Tis some visitor, I muttered, tapping at my chamber door -Only this, and nothing more.Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December,And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the flo
21、or.Eagerly I wished the morrow; - vainly I had sought to borrowFrom my books surcease of sorrow - sorrow for the lost Lenore -For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels named Lenore -Nameless here for evermore.And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtainThrilled me - filled me w
22、ith fantastic terrors never felt before;So that now, to still the beating of my heart, I stood repeatingTis some visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door -Some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door; -This it is, and nothing more,Presently my soul grew stronger; hesitating then no
23、 longer,Sir, said I, or Madam, truly your forgiveness I implore;But the fact is I was napping, and so gently you came rapping,And so faintly you came tapping, tapping at my chamber door,That I scarce was sure I heard you - here I opened wide the door; -Darkness there, and nothing more.Deep into that
24、 darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing,Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before;But the silence was unbroken, and the darkness gave no token,And the only word there spoken was the whispered word, Lenore!This I whispered, and an echo murmured back the word, Len
25、ore!Merely this and nothing more.Back into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,Soon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before.Surely, said I, surely that is something at my window lattice;Let me see then, what thereat is, and this mystery explore -Let my heart be still a mom
26、ent and this mystery explore; -Tis the wind and nothing more!美国文学赏析整理5Open here I flung the shutter, when, with many a flirt and flutter,In there stepped a stately raven of the saintly days of yore.Not the least obeisance made he; not a minute stopped or stayed he;But, with mien of lord or lady, per
27、ched above my chamber door -Perched upon a bust of Pallas just above my chamber door -Perched, and sat, and nothing more.Then this ebony bird beguiling my sad fancy into smiling,By the grave and stern decorum of the countenance it wore,Though thy crest be shorn and shaven, thou, I said, art sure no
28、craven.Ghastly grim and ancient raven wandering from the nightly shore -Tell me what thy lordly name is on the Nights Plutonian shore!Quoth the raven, Nevermore.Much I marvelled this ungainly fowl to hear discourse so plainly,Though its answer little meaning - little relevancy bore;For we cannot hel
29、p agreeing that no living human beingEver yet was blessed with seeing bird above his chamber door -Bird or beast above the sculptured bust above his chamber door,With such name as Nevermore.But the raven, sitting lonely on the placid bust, spoke only,That one word, as if his soul in that one word he
30、 did outpour.Nothing further then he uttered - not a feather then he fluttered -Till I scarcely more than muttered Other friends have flown before -On the morrow he will leave me, as my hopes have flown before.Then the bird said, Nevermore.Startled at the stillness broken by reply so aptly spoken,Do
31、ubtless, said I, what it utters is its only stock and store,Caught from some unhappy master whom unmerciful disasterFollowed fast and followed faster till his songs one burden bore -Till the dirges of his hope that melancholy burden boreOf “Never-nevermore.“But the raven still beguiling all my sad s
32、oul into smiling,Straight I wheeled a cushioned seat in front of bird and bust and door;Then, upon the velvet sinking, I betook myself to linkingFancy unto fancy, thinking what this ominous bird of yore -What this grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt, and ominous bird of yoreMeant in croaking Nevermore.Th
33、is I sat engaged in guessing, but no syllable expressing美国文学赏析整理6To the fowl whose fiery eyes now burned into my bosoms core;This and more I sat divining, with my head at ease recliningOn the cushions velvet lining that the lamp-light gloated oer,But whose velvet violet lining with the lamp-light gl
34、oating oer,She shall press, ah, nevermore!Then, methought, the air grew denser, perfumed from an unseen censerSwung by Seraphim whose foot-falls tinkled on the tufted floor.Wretch, I cried, thy God hath lent thee - by these angels he has sent theeRespite - respite and nepenthe from thy memories of L
35、enore!Quaff, oh quaff this kind nepenthe, and forget this lost Lenore!Quoth the raven, Nevermore.Prophet! said I, thing of evil! - prophet still, if bird or devil! -Whether tempter sent, or whether tempest tossed thee here ashore,Desolate yet all undaunted, on this desert land enchanted -On this hom
36、e by horror haunted - tell me truly, I implore -Is there - is there balm in Gilead? - tell me - tell me, I implore!Quoth the raven, Nevermore.Prophet! said I, thing of evil! - prophet still, if bird or devil!By that Heaven that bends above us - by that God we both adore -Tell this soul with sorrow l
37、aden if, within the distant Aidenn,It shall clasp a sainted maiden whom the angels named Lenore -Clasp a rare and radiant maiden, whom the angels named Lenore?Quoth the raven, Nevermore.Be that word our sign of parting, bird or fiend! I shrieked upstarting -Get thee back into the tempest and the Nig
38、hts Plutonian shore!Leave no black plume as a token of that lie thy soul hath spoken!Leave my loneliness unbroken! - quit the bust above my door!Take thy beak from out my heart, and take thy form from off my door!Quoth the raven, Nevermore.And the raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is si
39、ttingOn the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door;And his eyes have all the seeming of a demons that is dreaming,And the lamp-light oer him streaming throws his shadow on the floor;And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floorShall be lifted - nevermore!题目：The Raven作者：E
40、dgar Allan Poe赏析：美国文学赏析整理71. Alliteration; onomatopoeia; internal rhyme; assonance2. Symbols:Raven= self-turtore; one of the most profound impulses of human natureMidnight the sorrow for the loss of Lenore; the isolation of the manHelen, thy beauty is to meLike those Nicean barks of yore,That gently
41、, oer a perfumd sea,The weary, way-worn wanderer boreTo his own native shore.On desperate seas long wont to roam,Thy hyacinth hair, thy classic face,Thy Naiad airs have brough me homeTo the beauty of fair Greece,And the grandeur of old Rome.Lo! In that little window-nicheHow statue-like I see thee s
42、tand!The folded scroll within thy hand-A Psyche from the regions whichAre Holy Land!题目：To Helen作者：Edgar Allan Poe赏析：1. Theme: celebrate the nurturing power of womenHelens beauty is soothing and provide safety 3. Represent beauty, melancholy. Though heart desired, inaccessible.4. Allusion, assonance,
43、 consonance, repetition5. Ababb/ababa/abbab6. Naiad= goddess; Psyche= goddess of the soul八Tell me not, in mournful numbers,Life is but an empty dream!For the soul is dead that slumbers,And things are not what they seem.Life is reallife is earnestAnd the grave is not its goal:Dust thou art, to dust r
44、eturnest,Was not spoken of the soul.题目：A Psalm of Like作者：Henry Wadsworth Longfellow赏析：Optimism九ONES-SELF I singa simple, separate Person; Yet utter the word Democratic, the word En-masse. Of Physiology from top to toe I sing; Not physiognomy alone, nor brain alone, is worthy for the museI say the Fo
45、rm complete is worthier far; The Female equally with the male I sing. Of Life immense in passion, pulse, and power, Cheerfulfor freest action formd, under the laws divine, 美国文学赏析整理8The Modern Man I sing题目： Ones Self I Sing作者：Walt Whitman赏析：en masse, democratic, individualism, humanity, political equ
46、ality of male and female十To make a prairie it takes a clover and a bee,One clover, and a bee,And revery.The revery alone will do,If bees are few题目： To Make a Prairie 作者：Emily Dickinson赏析：Without any physical objects at all, the mind of one advanced in the art of revery can produce any object that mi
47、nd desires.十一The Fog comes,On Little cat feetIt sits lookingOver harbour and cityOn silent haunches,And then moves on题目：Fog作者：Carl Sandburg赏析：1. Chicago Poems, 第 56 首。2. Imagery: cat Petals on a wet, black bough.题目：In a Station of the Metro作者：Ezra Pound赏析：1. Imagism2. Petal= beautiful faces in the c
48、rowd waiting for the trainBough=subway station十三Some say the world will end in fire,Some say in ice.From what Ive tasted of fire.I hold with those favour fire.But if it had to perish twice,I think I know enough of hateTo say that for destruction iceIs also great and would suffice.题目：Fire and Ice作者：R
49、obert Frost赏析：1. Fire= human desiresIce= hatred between people2. Desires are more dangerous than hatred. But he admits that hatred is also very destructive.Whose woods these are I think I know.His house is in the village though;He will not see me stopping hereTo watch his woods fill up with snow.My little horse must think it queerTo stop without a farmhouse nearBetween the woods and frozen lakeThe darkest evening of the year.He gives his harness bells a shakeTo ask if there is some mistake.美国文学
