1、- 1 -专题 04 Earthquakes【高频单词】1burst ( vi.) 爆裂；爆发 ( n.) 突然破裂；爆发burst (过去式/过去分词)2event ( n.) 事件；大事3nation ( n.) 国家；民族；国民national ( adj.) 国家的；民族的；全国的nationality ( n.) 国籍4dirt ( n.) 污垢；泥土dirty ( adj.) 肮脏的5ruin ( n.) 废墟；毁灭 ( vt.) 毁灭；使破产6suffering ( n.) 苦难；痛苦suffer ( v.) 遭受(苦难等) 7extreme ( adj.) 极度的extreme
2、ly ( adv.) 极度地 8injure ( vt.) 损害；伤害injury ( n.) 伤害；损害injured ( adj.) 受伤的9destroy ( vt.) 破坏；毁坏；消灭destruction ( n.) 破坏；摧毁10track ( n.) 轨道；足迹；痕迹11useless ( adj.) 无用的；无效的；无益的useful (反义词) ( adj.) 有用的；有益的12shock ( vt. & vi.) (使)震惊；震动 ( n.) 休克；打击；震惊shocking ( adj.) 令人震惊的shocked ( adj.) 震惊的13rescue ( n. & v
3、t.) 援救；营救14trap ( vt.) 使陷入困境 ( n.) 陷阱；困境trapped (过去式/过去分词)15electricity ( n.) 电；电流；电学electric ( adj.) 用电的；带电的electrical ( adj.) 与电有关的；电学的16disaster ( n.) 灾难；灾祸17bury ( vt.) 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏18shelter ( n.) 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处 19damage ( n. & vt.) 损失；损害20frighten ( vt.) 使惊吓；吓唬frightened ( adj.) 受惊的；受恐吓的frightening ( a
4、dj.) 令人恐惧的 - 2 -21congratulation ( n.) 祝贺；(复数)贺词congratulate ( vt.) 祝贺 22judge ( n.) 裁判员；法官 ( vt.& vi.) 断定；判断；判决_judgement ( n.) 判断力；识别力23express ( vt.) 表示；表达 ( n.) 快车；速递( n.) expression 表达；表情24survivor ( n.) 幸存者；生还者；残存物survive ( vt. & vi.) 幸存；存活下来survival ( n.) 生存；存活；幸存【重点短语】1think_little_of 轻视；认为没
5、价值 2as_if 仿佛；好像3dig_out 掘出；发现4raise_money 集资；筹款；募捐5right_away 立刻；马上6at_an_end 结束；终结7in_ruins 严重受损；破败不堪8a_(great)_number_of 许多；大量的9in_the_open_air 在户外10give_a_speech 做演讲 11cut_across 抄近路穿过；走近路12be_buried_in 埋头于【热点句型】1too. to. “太而不能”In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too_nervous_to_
6、eat (紧张得不吃食)(教材 P26)2looking for. 是现在分词短语作伴随状语Mice ran out of the fields looking_for_places_to_hide (找地方藏身)(教材 P26)3It seems/seemed as if.“看起来好像”It_seemed_as_if (看起来好像)the world was at an end！(教材 P26)4leave宾语宾语补足语Thousands of families were killed and many children were_left_without_parents (成了孤儿)(教材
7、 P26)- 3 -5everywhere 用作连词，引导让步状语从句Everywhere_they_looked (人们无论朝哪看)nearly everything was destroyed.(教材P26)6all.not 表示部分否定All_hope_was_not (并不是所有的希望)lost.(教材 P26)高频考点一、单词冲关例 1、burst vi. (burst, burst)爆裂；爆发 n突然破裂；爆发In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.(P26)在市内，有些建筑物的水管爆裂开来。
8、【归纳拓展】burst out 突然迸发；爆发burst out doing sth.burst into n. 突然起来burst into tears/laughterbursst out crying/laughing 突然大哭/大笑起来burst out cheeringburst into cheers 突然欢呼起来burst in/into 闯进；突然破门而入burst with anger/grief/joy 勃然大怒/悲痛欲绝/乐不可支a burst of 一阵【名师点睛】burst into 与 burst out 都有“突然进入某种状态或突然发生某种情况”的意思，但burs
9、t into 后面接名词，burst out 后面接动名词。【语境助记】Hearing this, the whole class burst_out laughing and my deskmates face turned red.听到这，全班同学大笑起来，我同桌的脸变红了。He burst_into_the_room without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.他没敲门就闯进房间，这使我非常生气。- 4 -At the news that my dad would be back from London this week
10、, I felt as if my heart would burst_with_joy.听到这个星期爸爸要从伦敦回来的消息，我觉得心花怒放。例 2、ruin n毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；废墟；遗迹 vt.(使)毁坏；毁灭；成为废墟；使破产In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.(P26)在可怕的 15 秒内，一座大城市就成为了一片废墟。【归纳拓展】(1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟come/go/fall to ruin 毁灭；灭亡；崩溃bring.to ruin 使毁灭；使没落；使破产(2)ruin oneself 毁
11、掉自己；自取灭亡ruin ones health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途【语境助记】When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in_ruins.当他们第二天回到洛克威时，他们发现他们的街区已成为一片废墟。A large number of churches fell_into_ruin after the revolution.革命过后，许多教堂都毁了。A village once so attractive was brought_to_ruin.一个曾经那
12、么美好的村庄被毁掉了。If youre addicted to computer games, youll ruin_yourself.如果你沉溺于玩电脑游戏，你会毁了自己。The bad weather has ruined_all_my_pleasure for the holiday.糟糕的天气毁掉了我度假的好心情。例 3、injure vt.损害；伤害Twothirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.(P26)他们中有三分之二在地震中伤亡。【归纳拓展】(1)injured adj. 受伤的- 5 -the inju
13、red 受伤的人(集合概念)(2)injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害do sb. an injury/do an injury to sb. 伤害某人【语境助记】Luckily she was_not_badly_injured and was sent to the nearest hospital.幸运的是她受伤不严重，并且被送到了最近的医院。A terrible accident happened at the crossing and an ambulance rushed the_injured to the hospital.在十字路口发生了可怕的交通事故，救护车把伤者火速送到了医
14、院。Dont lift that toolboxyoull do_yourself_an_injury!别搬那只工具箱，你会伤着你自己的！What the newspaper reported did_a_great_injury_to_her_fame.报纸上所报道的严重损害了她的名誉。用 injure, wound, hurt, harm 的正确形式填空aHe claimed that working too hard was harming his health.bHe died of a single gunshot wound to the left side of his head
15、.cWhat he said hurt me deeply.dOne of the players injured his knee and had to be carried off.例 4、shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 n休克；打击；震惊Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were shocked.(P26)井里充满了沙子而不是水。人们都震惊了。【归纳拓展】(1)in (a state of) shock 震惊地a great shock 极大的震惊be a shock to sb. 对某人来说是个打击com
16、e as a shock 让某人大吃一惊(2)shocked adj. 感到惊讶的be shocked at/by sth. 对感到震惊(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的【名师点睛】- 6 -shock 意为“令人震惊的人或事”时为可数名词，其前通常与不定冠词 a 连用。即：抽象名词具体化。【语境助记】I was_shocked_to_hear that he had resigned.听到他辞职的消息，我深感意外。We were all shocked_at the news of his death.听到他的死讯，我们都感到震惊。He isnt seriously injured
17、 but he is in_(a_state_of)_ shock.他伤得不重，但惊魂未定。The news of my promotion came as_a_shock.我获晋升的消息着实让我一惊。The news that the two popular stars took drugs together illegally was_a_shock_to their fans.这两位当红明星一起非法吸毒的消息对他们的影迷们是一个打击。So scientists have come up with a_shocking_idea.因此专家们想出了一个令人震惊的主意。Now, electri
18、c_shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.现在，电击训练和药物治疗正帮助挽救这些大鸟。例 5、bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；使专心；使沉浸；隐藏The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. (P26)救援部队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。【归纳拓展】(1)be buried in 埋头于；专心于be buried in thought 沉思(2)bury
19、oneself in ones work/studies. 埋头工作；专心学习bury ones face in ones hands 双手掩面【名师点睛】表“专心于某事”的短语常见的还有：be devoted to， be absorbed in， be - 7 -addicted to， be lost in， focus on， concentrate on 等。【语境助记】She buried_her_face_in_her_hands and wept when she heard the bad news.当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。Ever since he moved t
20、here, he has_buried_himself_in his research work.Ever since he moved there, he has_been_buried_in his research work.自从搬到那里以后，他一直专注于研究工作。Buried_in/Burying_himself_in his study, he didnt know it was raining hard outside.他埋头学习，不知道外面正下大雨。She sat there, buried_in_thought.她坐在那儿，陷入了沉思。He stood on the sidew
21、alk with his hands buried_in the pockets of his dark overcoat.他站在人行道上，双手插在深色外套的口袋里。例 6、judge n. 裁判员；法官；评判员 v. 判定；判断；判决Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.(P30)有 5 个裁判员听了你的演讲，他们都说它是今年最棒的演讲。【归纳拓展】(1)judging from/by. 根据来判断(2)judgesb./st
22、h.by/on. 以来判断judgesb./sth.(to be) n./adj. 判断为judge it adj.to do sth. 认为做某事是(3)judgement n. 判断；审判；判断力make a judgement about 对做判断【名师点睛】judging from/by.置于句首作状语。其中 v.ing 形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。类似用法的词或短语还有：generally speaking“一般来说” ；frankly speaking“坦白地说” ；considering.“考虑到” 。- 8 -【语境助记】“You cant judge a book by
23、_ its cover， ” as the old saying goes.正如谚语所说， “勿以貌取人。 ”We judge him to_be the best candidate.We judge that he is the best candidate.我们认为他是最佳人选。Judging_from her last letter, they are having a wonderful time.从她的上封来信看，他们过得非常愉快。He refused to make_a_judgement_about the situation.他拒绝对形势作出评价。高频考点二、短语冲关例 1、
24、at an end 结束；终结It seemed as if the world was at an end！仿佛到了世界末日！【归纳拓展】(1)at the end of 在尽头/末端(指时间或空间)in the end 最后；终于by the end of 到末为止(常与完成时态连用)come to an end 结束be at an end 结束put/bring sth. to an end 结束make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出(2)end up 结束；告终end in 以结束(3)end up with 以结束end up doing sth.最后做某
25、事；终止做某事(4)ending n. 结局；结尾endless adj. 无止境的；连续的【语境助记】The meeting was nearly at_an_end when I got to the meeting room.- 9 -当我到达会议室时，会议快要结束了。Then came the final awards ceremony at_the_end_of the year.然后年底最后的颁奖仪式随之而来。Many families struggled to make_ends_meet in economic crisis.经济危机时很多家庭努力使收支平衡。His life
26、returned to normal after the war came_to_an_end.战争结束后他的生活恢复了正常。Policemen were called out to put_an_end_to the disorder in the streets.警察被召来平息街头的骚乱。a.By the end of this week, I will_have_finished most of the work.到本周末为止，我将会完成大部分工作。bHis newly written novel had_been_translated into English by the end o
27、f last month.上个月末，他刚写的小说已被翻译成了英语。I ended_up_doing all the work myself.结果所有的活儿都是我一个人干的。例 2、a (great) number of 许多；大量的Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.(P27)那么多的人丧生是因为地震发生在人们睡觉的时候。【归纳拓展】Error!可数名词复数Error!不可数名词Error!可数名词复数或不可数名词【名师点睛】(1)a large/great
28、 number of “许多的；大量的” ，后面跟可数名词复数形式。number之前可加某些表示数量大小的形容词。a number of 加复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。(2)a great many 后修饰可数名词时，通常不加 of，但名词前有定冠词 the 或形容词性物主代词修饰时要加上 of。- 10 -(3)large quantities of pl. n/ n.作主语，谓语动词用复数；a large quantity of pl. n. /n.作主语，谓语动词用单数；large amounts of n作主语，谓语动词用复数。(4)Error!可数名词单数谓语(单数形式)【
29、语境助记】A large number of people have_applied for the job.许多人申请了这工作。The number of homeless people has_increased dramatically.无家可归者的人数急剧增加了。With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are_being_washed away.由于越来越多的森林被砍伐，大量的土壤正被冲走。A great deal of money has_been_spent on the new hospital.
30、在这家新医院上面已经花费了大量金钱。Now a_number_of college graduates are seeking to get a highpaid job. But the_number_of posts available for them is often not enough.如今很多大学毕业生努力想找一份待遇好的工作，但可得到的岗位的数量却经常不足。高频考点三、句型冲关例 1、In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too_nervous_to_eat. (P26)在农场里，鸡群甚至连猪都紧张得不吃食了
31、。【归纳拓展】too.to. 本意“太而不能” ，表示否定意义，而在下列情况中表示肯定意义：only/just/but too.to. “非常去做”too 前的 only/just/but 不仅没有否定意义，反而加重了 too 的肯定语气too 后面的形容词为表示心情或描绘性形容词的时候，如：happy, pleased, willing, thankful, delighted, anxious, eager, kind, good 等，表示肯定意义。too.to. 中的 too 前面有 never/cant 等时，此结构为双重否定表示肯定。cant. too/enough.意为“越越好；再也不为过” 。
