1、1英语代词的用法归纳代词的用法大家现在可能有些看不懂,因为有些还没有讲到,根据大家各自的水平来看,但人称代词、物主代词的这些用法一定要看懂,不要再犯像 Give he a book 这样的一些很基本的错误了。基础好的请绕过。一、定义与分类代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。代词根据其意思和用法可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词九类。综观历年高考情况,在这九类代词中,不定代词一直是高考英语的重点。二:人称代词,物主代词,反身代词用法概述这三种代词都有人称(一、二、三人称)的变化、数(单、复数)的变化,以及性(阴性、阳性、中性)的
2、变化。其中,人称代词除了这三种变化外,还有格(主格、宾格)的变化。物主代词又包括两种形式:形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。特别注意:形容词性物主代词 its 没有相应的名词性物主代词。这三种代词的形式变化表如下:人称 单复数 主 格 宾 格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词单 数 I me my mine myself第一人称 复 数 we us our ours ourselves单 数 you you your yours yourself第二人称 复 数 you you your yours yourselveshe him his his himselfshe her he
3、r hers herself单 数it it its 无 itself第三人称复 数 they them their theirs themselves三、人称代词的用法1) 定义:人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。它必须在人称( 第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称)、数(单数、复数)以及性(阴性、阳性、中性)三方面与被指代的名词一致。如:I am a student. Tom is a boy, and he is a student.Mary is very pretty, and she likes singing.The boys are students, and they are
4、 in the room.The dog is small. It is Toms.22) 人称代词的句法功能A) 人称代词有主格和宾语之分:主格用作主语,宾格用作宾语。B) 人称代词的主格形式在在句中作主语和表语。 如: I like music(主语). She is a teacher.(主语)She and I are good friends(主语 ).Neither she nor I am student.I saw the boys this morning.Are you sure it was they(表语 )?It might have been she.C) 人称代词
5、的宾格在句子作动词的宾语,或者介词的宾语。如:I saw him at the party(宾语).I havent seen them recently.(宾语)I bought a book for them.(作介词宾语 )=I bought them a book.(间接宾语)四、物主代词的用法1)定义:物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词在句中只用作定语,相当于一个形容词,不能单独使用;名词性物主代词则不能用作定语,相当于一个名词词组,可以单独使用,在句中用作主语、宾语、表语、和介词 of 连用。如:Here is my dog. Its name is To
6、m.(形容词性物主代词) My sister lost her bicycle.Is that coffee yours or hers? (名词性物主代词 )2) 名词性物主代词的句法功能 a. 作主语如: May I use your pen? Yours works better. b. 作宾语如:I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。c. 作介词宾语I am writing with your pen, not with mine.d. 作表语如:My life is yours. Its y
7、ours. Its yours. 我的生命属于你,属于你,属于你。3) 形容词性物主代词的用法A) 形容词性物主代词与形容词一起修饰名词时,其顺序是 :形容词性物主代词+形容词+名词。如:3my new bike我的新自行车her young son 她年幼的儿子B) 形容词性物主代词所修饰的名词可以是单数,也可以是复数。如:my pen我的钢笔his books他的书C) 形容词性物主代词不能单独使用,它后面必须跟名词,即在名词前作定语。如:这是我的钢笔.误This pen is my.正This is my pen.D) 当名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时,不能再用冠词 a, an 或 th
8、e 来修饰名词。如:那是我的自行车.误That is my a bike. / That is a my bike.正That is my bike.3)当名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时,不能再用指示代词 this, that, these 或 those 来修饰名词。如:他们的电脑在这儿。误Their those computers are here.(或 Those their computers are here.)正Their computers are here. 注意:A) 名词性物主代词后不能跟名词,或代词 one。它总是单独出现在句中。如:The umbrella is min
9、e.He likes my pen. He doesnt like hers. B) 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词 为避免重复使用名词,有时可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形式。 如:My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink. 为避免重复使用 bag,可写成 My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink. C) 名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的 -s 属格结构.如: Jac
10、ks cap 意为 The cap is Jacks. His cap 意为 The cap is his. D) 可以说 a friend of mine (ours, yours, hers, his, theirs),=one of my friends;但是不能说 a friend of me (us, you, her, him, them)。4E) 有时同一个结构用不用物主代词会导致含义的变化。如:Dont lose heart. 别灰心She lost her heart to Jim. 她爱上了吉姆。五、反身代词的用法1)定义:如人称代词一致,反身代词的人称和数以及性要和它所指
11、代的名词或代词一致。2)反身代词的句法功能反身代词可用作宾语、同位语、表语等。用作同位语时,主要用于加强被修饰词的语气,可紧放在被修饰名词后或句末。如:He himself was a doctor. (同位语)=He was a doctor himself.She is too young to look after herself. (宾语)I dont blame you, I blame myself(宾语).He cut himself when he was cooking.(宾语)That poor boy was myself.(表语)那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。注意:反身代词
12、用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神所处的状态。如:Ill be myself again in no time. 我一会儿就会好的。He doesnt feel himself today.Im not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。 六、相互代词的用法英语的相互代词只有 each other 和 one another,它们在句中通常只用作宾语。Students should help one another. 学生应该互相帮助。We have known each other for many years. 我们
13、认识许多年了。注意:相互代词可以有所有格形式(each others, one anothers)。如:They often stay in one anothers house. 他们常常在彼此的家里住。另外,有人认为 each other 用于两者,one another 用于三者,但在现代英语中它们常可换用(即均可用于两者或三者)。七、指示代词的用法1)指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式,既可作限定词又可做代词,例如:单数 复数限定词:This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.代 词:Thi
14、s is Mary. Those are my teachers.52)指示代词的句法功能指示代词主要有四个,即 this, that, these 和 those。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。This is my book.(主语)I want that.(宾语)My book is that.(表语)I like that dress.(定语)注意:为避免重复,可用 that 可以 指代可数单数或特指不可数名词, those 只能代替可数名词复数。如:The playground of this school is bigger than that of that school
15、.(that=the playground)My seat is next to that of the mayor. 我的座位在市长座位旁边。These boys are from Shanghai,and those are from Beijing. 这些男孩来自于上海,那些男孩来自于北京。八、疑问代词的用法1. 疑问代词即指 who, whom, whose, which, what 等用于引出特殊疑问句的代词。它们在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。如:What did she say? 她怎么说?Which are our seats? 哪些是我们的座位?What are you
16、 worrying about? 你为什么事烦恼?2. what 与 which 的用法区别:当选择的范围较明确时,用 which;当选择的范围不明确时,用 what。如:Which color do you like, red, black or white? 红色、黑色和白色,你喜欢哪种?What color is your car? 你的汽车是什么颜色的? 九、不定代词的用法1)定义:不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。2)种类英语中不定代词有:some(something,somebody,someone,somewhere),any(anything,anybody,an
17、yone,anywhere), no(nothing,nobody,no one), every(everything,everybody ,everyone ,everywhere ),all, each,both ,much ,many,(a)little,(a)few,other(s),another,none, one,either, neither 等。3)不定代词的句法功能1)作主语,例:Both( of us) are right(我们)两人都对。6Either(of the answers ) is correct两个回答不论哪一个都对。Neither(of the answe
18、rs) is correct两个回答哪一个都不对。Is everybody here?大家都到了吗?2)作宾语,例:There is room for all of us我们所有的人全坐得下。He gave two to each(of them)他给(他们)每人两个。I like none of the books这些书我全不喜欢。If you have any, give us some有的话,给我们一点。3)作表语,例:Thats nothing没什么。Is that all you want to know?你想知道的就是这些吗?Thanks, its too much for me谢
19、谢,太多了。Im not somebody,I m nobody我不是重要人物,我是个无名小卒Thats really something那真是一大收获。4)作定语,例:You may take either road两条路你走哪条都行。Every room is clean and tidy每一个房间都很整洁。Everybodys business is nobodys business人人都管等于没人管。(谚)不定代词是英语所有代词中最重要的一类,也是英语考试中最常考的一类,复习时应注意以下几点:1. some 和 any 的比较不定代词 some,any 都是“一些”的意思,都可和可数名
20、词或不可数名词连用。 some 一般用于肯定句中;而 any 则用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中.例:Tom has some picturebooks汤姆有几本图画书。7I have waited some time我已等了一会儿了。Have you any questions?你有问题吗?There arent any pictures on the wall墙上没有图片注意:在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中,通常要用 some 而不用 any。如:Will you lend me some money? 可以借些钱给我吗?Why dont you bring some flowers?
21、为什么不带些花来呢?2. 指两者和三者的不定代词。有些不定代词用于指两者( 如 both, either, neither),有的不定代词用于指三者(如 all, any, none, every),具体使用时要根据一定的上下文正确选用。如:He is blind in both eyes. 他双目失明。Were they all college students? 他们都是大学生吗?Both are right.= Both of the answers are right.这两个答案都对.Either(of them)is OK. (他们两个中)任何一个都行. Neither of the
22、 boys knows my brother 那两个男孩都不认识我弟弟。注:each 可用于两者、三者或三者以上,而 every 只用于三者或三者以上,因此用于两者时只能用 each,不能用 every。如:There are trees on each side of the road. 路的两边都有树。3. (a) few 与 (a) little。few 和 a few 后接复数名词,而 little 和 a little 后接不可数名词。其中不带不定冠词的 few 和 little 表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调“少”,含有否定意义;而带有不定冠词的 a few 和 a little 则
23、表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有,强调“有”,含有肯定意义。如:He knew few of them. 他们中间他认识的人很少。He sold only a few of the papers. 他只卖出了几份报纸。He knew little about it. 他对此知道得很少。There is still a little left. 还剩一点点。4. all, every, each 的用法。从强调重点上看:all 强调整体地考虑总体,every 强调考虑总体中的所有成员(与 all 很接近),each 则强调逐个逐个地考虑总体;从用法上看:all 和 each既可单独使用,也可后接名词,还
24、可后接 of 短语;而 every 后必须接名词,既不能单独使用也不能后接 of 短语;从含义上看,each 指两者或两者以上的“每个”,every 指三者或三者以上“每个”,因此指两者时只能用 each如:All was destroyed in the big fire大火中一切都毁了。All are present=Everyone is present.大家都出席了。There is room for all of us我们所有的人全坐得下。Each of us has a book.8注:1)在表示“每个”、“全体”意思时,every 的意思与 all 很接近。但一般情况下every
25、 和单数名词搭配,all 和复数名词搭配,例:Every child enjoys Christmas每个孩子都喜欢过圣诞节。All children enjoy Christmas所有的孩子都喜欢过圣诞节。2)Each 也是“每一个”的意思,但与 every 不同,each 用于指两个或两个以上的人或物,着重于个别概念,例:Two men came into the room Each carried an umbrella两个人走进房间,每人拿着一把伞。Each/Every book on this desk is worth reading这桌子上每一本书都值得读。5. other, t
26、he other, another, others 的用法。指单数时,若泛指用 another,若特指用 the other;指复数时,若泛指用 other(后接复数名词)或 others(其后不接名词) ,若特指用 the other (后接复数名词)或 the others(其后不接名词) 。如:Show me some others. 再拿一些给我看。Show me another. 另拿一个给我看。We should think of others. 我们应该多为别人着想。Where are the other students? 其他同学在哪里?注:another 后一般要单数可数名
27、词,但若其后的名词有数词或 few 修饰,则也可接复数名词。如:Ive got another five minutes. 我还有 5 分钟。6. no one, nobody, none 的用法。no one 与 nobody 用法相似,均只用于指人不用于指物,且其后不能接 of 短语,用作主语时谓语单数;而 none 既可用于指人也可用于指物,其后通常接 of 短语,用作主语时,若指不可数名词,谓语只能用单数,若指复数名词,则谓语可用单数(较正式)也可用复数(用于非正式文体) 。如:No one Nobody has read it. 没有人读过它。None of this milk ca
28、n be used. 这牛奶一点都不能用了。None of the films is are worth seeing. 没有一部电影值得看。7. 复合不定代词的用法。复合不定代词主要包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等,它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语,但不能用作定语。其中 something, someone 等和 anything, anyone等的区别与 some 和 any 的区别一样,前者一般用于肯定句,后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句。使用时应请注意以下几点:(1) 受定语修饰时,定语应置于其后。如:Tell us something interesting. 给我们讲点有趣的事。There was nobody tired. 没有一个人很累。9(2) 指人的复合不定代词若用作主语,其谓语动词一般用单数,相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数 he, him, his (不一定指男性) 。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they, them, their。如:If anybody anyone comes, ask him them to wait. 要是有人来,让他等着。