1、 Junny English studio June新高一衔接班第二课时 定语从句 【Atrributive Clause 】Part one导入先听一首歌season in the sunshine,这是为了纪念好友离世的歌曲，很温暖的曲调We had joy,we had fun,we had seasons in the sun,but the hills that we climbed were just seasons out of time. 我们曾一起欢乐，我们曾一起嬉戏，我们曾拥有的阳光中的四季，但是我们一起爬过的山已随四季流去。好，言归正传，今天我们讲定语从句，你们初中已经学
2、习过，但是我之前讲过高中的语法会比初中难度增加。为了配合大家的节奏，我由简单到复杂。什么是定语从句？刚那句歌词就是定语从句。再看：June 是 老师 June 是 英语 老师 June 是 漂亮幽默的英语 老师你们敢说不对？再看一句：这是一只狗-这是一只受伤的狗-这是一只左腿受伤的狗继续继续：这房子很漂亮 The house is very beautiful.Lily 买的房子很漂亮 The house which bought by Lily is very beautiful.Lily 去年在米易买的房子很漂亮 The house which bought by Lily last ye
3、ar in MY is very beautifulThe boy is Luhan The boy who is dacing is Luhan唱小芳，谁会？：村里有个姑娘叫小芳，长得好看又善良There is a beautiful and kind girl whose name is Xiao Fang in the village遥远的东方有一条龙，它的名字叫中国In the far East, thers is a dragon whose name is China.遥远的东方有一条河，它的名字叫黄河 ?Junny English studio June所以概念出来啦一 定语从句
4、及相关概念定语就是修饰限定名词或代词的词语定语从句（Attributive Clauses）就是复合句中具有修饰限定名词或者代词的句子，在整个句中做定语。被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出，关系词就是连接主句和从句的词语。我们去我们之前的句子中找先行词和关系词！再看看几个句子。走向复杂化Is there anything that you（主） dont understand（谓） about the problem?先行词 关系代词 (指代 anything） 定语从句（修饰 anything，意思为“关于这个问题，你不明白 的 东
5、西” ）Life is like a long race where we（主）compete with（谓）others （宾）to go beyond ourselves先行词 关系副词(指代“介词+a long race”） 定语从句（修饰 a long race，意思为“在这个长跑中，我们不断超越自己去竞争。 ”）Can you tell me the reason why you are late for school？先行词 关系副词所以发现如下规律1.先行词有两个特点: 名词、代词或者相关的短语，可以是人或者物】2.关系词的特点有：who, whom, that, which,
6、whose (关系代词） ， where, when, why （关系副词） ； “谍中谍，替代主句中的某个名词或代词，充当从句的成分（主、宾、定、状、补、表等）3.从句的特点：陈述语序，一般紧跟在所修饰的名词或者代词后面。二 关系代词指人 指物 在从句中成分作用Junny English studio Junewho yes 主语（做宾语可省略）whom yes 宾语（可省略）whose yes 定语=sb sth./sth sth.that yes yes 主语(做宾语可省)which yes 主语（做宾语可省）可省：The boy (whom/who/that) we saw yeste
7、rday was Johns brother.随手练习：用 that, who, which, whom 或 whose 填空，并指出它们在句中作何成分。例：I love the book which I bought yesterday. (宾语)1. The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. （ 主语 ） 2. The girl whom/that/who I met is Lucy. （ 宾语 ）3. A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.（ 定语 ） 4. I like the book
8、which/that you bought yesterday. （ 宾语 ）总结以后继续练习5， The ones_flatter me dont please me.6, Dontell anyone about the news _ oughtt to know it.7, I met a foreigner in the street yesterday_cound ask me question in Chinese.8, There are many young men _who are against him.总结Who/whom 用法 ：1， 在从句中，做主语，只能用 who2
9、， 做宾语，可以用 who,whom3， 有介词，只能用 whom:介词+whomWho/that 用法：一般通用，除了以下情况用 who：1， 先行词是 one, ones, anyone（3 ones）2， 先行词是 thoseJunny English studio June3， There be 开头的句子4， 一个复杂句子里面有两个定语从句，一个用了 that, 另外一个就用 who5， 先行词有较长的后置定语的时候，用 who三, 定语从句的类型That/which 的用法，一般是涉及到非限定性定语从句和限定性定语从句（一） 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定
10、语从句：先行词在意义上是不可缺少的定语，若去掉，所修饰主句的内容就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号 分开。 非限制性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。（二）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别1. 结构不同His friend who works in Fujian telephoned him last night.他在福建工作的朋友昨天来了电话。(限制性)限制性定语从句常紧接在先行词后，主.从句间没有逗号分开；His father , who works in Fujian ,
11、 telephoned last night. 他父亲在福建工作，昨天来了电话。(非限制性) 非限制性定语从句与先行词之间常用逗号分开;As you know, I dont like drinking or smoking. 你知道，我不喜欢喝酒.抽烟。(非限制性)as 所引导的非限制性定语从句还可放在 主句之前2. 功能不同He asked me a question which was about my study at school. 他问了一个有关我在学校学习的问题。(如果去掉后面的定语从句， He asked me a question 句子的意思显然说不清question 的情况
12、。) 限制性定语从句：为先行词在意义上是不可缺少的定语，若去掉，所修饰主句的内容就不完整或失去意义This is my motorbike, which was sent to me by my uncle. 这是我的摩托车，它是我叔叔送的。显然去掉后面的定语从句对句子 This is my motorbike 的意思没有影响Junny English studio June非限制性定语从句将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。3. 先行词不同I know nothing that happened last night.昨晚所发生的事情，我一点也不知道。(修饰前面的代词 nothing)限制性定语从
13、句的先行词一般是名词或代词。He has made great progress, which made us happy. 他进步了，这使我们大家都很高兴。( 说明前面句子的整个内容 ) 非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词.代词.短语.甚至是 整个句子 。4. 关系词的使用不同This is the most interesting film (that ) Ive ever seen. (宾语可以省 )that, why 只能引导限制性定语从句，关系词有时可以省略。He told us the reason why he wanted to drop his math. 他告诉了我们他为什
14、么要放弃数学的原因。本句若改写为非限制性定语从句，应该是： He told us the reason, for which he wanted to drop his math.Anyway，that evening，which Ill tell you more about later，I ended up staying at Rachels place.其他的关系词可引导非限制性定语从句，且关系词不可以省略。5. 翻译时的表达性定语从句一般要译成两句话，即：把非限制性定语从句单独译成一句话放在主句之后，补充说明主句。如：The car which he drives was bough
15、t last year. 他开的那辆车是去年买的。He drives a new car, which was bought last year. 他开一辆新车，这车是去年买的。弄清楚限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句，我们继续关系代词使用区别可以看出 that 不能用在非限定性定语从句中，那么在限定性定语从句中 that 和 which 的区别：情 况 用法说明 例 句只用 that的情况1.先行词为 all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时1.He told me everything that he knows.Junn
16、y English studio June2.先行词被 all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few, very等修饰时3.先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4.先行词既指人又指物时5.先行词被 the only, the very 修饰时6.句中已经有 who 或 which 时，为了避免重复时7.先行词是 the way 时2.All the books that you offered has been given out.3.This is the best film that I have ever read.He was th
17、e second that gave me advice.4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.5.He is the only man that I want to see.6.Who is the man that is making a speech?7.I dont like the way (that)you speak to me.(注意：此处亦可用 in which)【Homework 课外作业】1. 选择题:( )1. I like music _ great lyrics. A. that ha
18、ve B. that has C. who have D. who has( )2. I love people _ friendly to others. A. who is B. which are C. that is D. who are( )3. This is the highest building _ Ive ever seen. A. which B. that C. what D. where( )4. The prize will go to the writer story shows the most imagination.A. that B. which C. w
19、hose D. what( )5. Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what B. whose C. which D. that( )6. The old temple roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.A. where B. which C. its D. whoseJunny English studio June( )7. She has a gift for creating an atmosphe
20、re for her students allows them to communicate freely with each other. A. which B. where C. what D. who2. 用定语从句合并句子:1. I met a boy. The boy can speak English.2. The building is our school. The building stands near the road3. We saw some people. Their houses were burned down in the fire. 3. The fish was not fresh. we bought the fish. 5. The girl is from America. I called her just now.4. 翻译句子:1. 在办公室工作的那个女孩是他姐姐。2. 他出生在一个离城市很远的村庄。3. 请把那本绿色封皮的书递给我。 4. 你在街上遇到的女孩是我女儿。
