1、Lesson 01 A Puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮 Listen to the tape then answer the question below. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。Where must the puma have come from? Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, the
2、y were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar. The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackb
3、erries sawa large catonly five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty mil
4、es away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. Several people complained ofcat-like noisesat night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma
5、up a tree. The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several week
6、s, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside. New words and expressions 生词和短语puma(title)/pju:m+/n. 美洲狮corner(1. 9)/kaccumulate(1. 4); obliged to(1. 5); claimed(1. 6); extraordinarily similar(1. 6); immediately(1. 8)
7、; convinced(1. 15).Composition 作文Describe the occasion when the woman picking blackberries saw the puma. Expand the following into a paragraph of about 150 words. Mrs. Stone had spent the whole morningIt was nearly lunch time, so she decidedShe was justwhen she heard a noise inThen she saw an animal
8、 whichShe knew it was not a cat because The animal suddenlyand she thought it was going toShe dropped her basket andHearing the sound, the animalafter which, Mrs. Stoneand they(86 words)Letter writing 书信写作On a full page, show the exact position of each of the following:The address and date;the begin
9、ning of the letter;the Introduction;the Purpose;the Conclusion;the letter-ending;the signature;the postscript. Supply all necessary full stops and commas. Key structures 关键句型Simple, Compound and Complex Statements. 简单句、并列句和复合句（ IKS 73） （参见第 2册第 73 课关键句型）Exercise 练习Underline all the joining words in
10、the passage. Note carefully how simple statements have been joined to make compound or complex statements. Special difficulties 难点过去曾有一种传统的规定，认为英文句子不允许以介词结尾。现在，这种所谓的禁忌早以破除。在现代英语中，除正体书面语体外，以介词结尾的句子很多，在口语中更为常见。Where had it come from? (1. 14)Instead of saying:It is better to say:About whom are you talk
11、ing?Who(m)are you talking about?That is the film about which I told you.That is the film I told you about. (Compare ISD 28) （对比第 2 册第 28 课难点）Exercises 练习A Complete these sentences by adding a suitable word to the end of each one:1 What are you looking _ ? 2 Where is your mother going _ ? 3 Whom has
12、the letter been sent _ ? 4 This is the house I was born _ . 5 What does your decision depend _ ? B Write these sentences again changing the position of the words in italics. Where possible, omit the words whom or which. 1 He is the man about whom we have heard so much. 2 The shelf on which you put t
13、hose books has collapsed. 3 From whom did you receive a letter? 4 This is the road by which we came. 5 Where is the pencil with which you were playing? Multiple choice questions 多项选择题Choose the correct answers to the following questions. Comprehension 理解1 Experts eventually decided to investigate _
14、. abecause they did not believe that pumas existed in Englandbbecause they wanted a puma for the London Zoocwhen a woman saw a puma in a small villagedbecause peoples descriptions of the puma had a lot in common2 What particular piece of evidence persuaded the experts that a puma had been seen in th
15、e village? aThe puma had not attacked the woman. bThe woman had described the animal she had seen asa large cat. cA puma had come very close to a human being. dThe puma had behaved like a cat. 3 What was the problem the experts were unable to solve? aHow the puma had managed to cover such great dist
16、ances within a day. bHow the puma had escaped from a zoo. cWhom the puma had belonged to. dHow the numa had climbed a tree. Structure 结构4 The accumulating evidence made the experts _ the animal was a puma. (lines 4-6)ato thinkbthinkingcthinkdthought5 People said _ the puma. (lines 5-6)ato have seenb
17、to seecthey sawdthey had seen6 _ , it immediately ran away. (lines 8-9)aObserving herbOn being observedcHaving been observeddOn her being observed7 Pumas never attack a human being except _ cornered. (line 9)athey arebbeingcthat they aredwhen they are8 The experts were now fully convinced that the a
18、nimal _ a puma. (lines 13-14)amust bebshould have beenccan only bedcould only have beenVocabulary 词汇9 The woman sawa large cat _ five yards away from her. (lines 7-8)aat leastbfour orcno more thandwithin10 A puma will not attack a human being unless it feels itself to be _ . (line 9)ain a cornerbin
19、a trap cat an angledunder cover11 A business man on a fishing trip is probably someone who _ . (line 13)asells fishbfishes for pleasurecnets fishdearns his living as a fisherman12 A private collector is a man who collects _ . (lines 15-16)afor his own benefit bon his owncin privatedunknown to the pu
20、blicNew words and expression 生词和短语学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用 学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里puma n.美洲狮spot v.看出, 发现 = see, pick out, recognize, catch sight of 强调结果, 辨别出, 看见, 识别, 发现 - A tall man is easy to spot in the crowd. - He has good eye for spotting mistakes. 同意词： - find：强调发现的结果 / find out：查出事实真相 -
21、 discover：做出重大发现 / notice ：注意到 - observe：观察 / watch ：观察活动中的人或画面 Spot n.斑点 - There is a white spot on the shirt. on the spot 有两个含义： 1 立刻, 马上（at once, immediately） - Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot. 2 at the place of the action 在现场 - Wherever she is needed, she is quickly
22、on the spot.Evidence n.证据（不可数名词） Evident adj .明显的, 显然的 / evidently adv.明显地, 显然 Evidence = proof (n.证据) - When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence. in evidence 显而易见的 - He was in evidence at the party.Accumulate v.积累, 积聚（强调积累的过程） - As the evidence accumulates, experts from the zo
23、o felt obliged to investigate. Gather vt.聚集, 把某人召集在某处 - The teacher gathered his students in the class Collect vt.搜集, 采集 - Do you collect stamps? Yes, I collect stamps as my hobby. （n.业余爱好） Assemble v.集合, 集会 / 装配 - A large number of people assemble on the square. Hoard vt.大量的储存 （- hoard up = store u
24、p 储藏） - The squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter （ squirrel n.松鼠） （nut n.坚果） amass vt.积聚（主要用于诗歌和文学作品） - The clouds amassed above the hills Oblige v.使感到必须 feel obliged to do sth 感觉有必要做某事 - I feel obliged to say no to his demand （n.要求, 需要） be obliged to do sth 被迫做某事 - They were obliged to sell
25、their car to pay their debts off. （ debt n.债务）hunt v.n.追猎, 寻找 （hunt for ） - The experts from London zoo began to hunt (v.) for a puma. - The hunt (n.) for the puma proved the difficult. （prove vt.证明, 证实） search 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物 - The police were searching the forest for the missing boy. run after 强调追赶
26、, 追求 - look, a dog is running after a cat - what are you run after in your life seek = pursue v.追寻(理想) chase v.追赶 （- They are chasing a thief / They are running after a thief ）blackberry n.黑莓 / berry n.浆果 human being 人类corner v.使走投无路 , 使陷入困境 作为动词, 经常使用被动语态 - The thief was cornered at last - The prob
27、lem cornered me. corner n.角落 - at the corner of the street - in the corner of the room - on the corner of the deskTrail n.一串, 一系列 trail vt. 跟踪, 追踪 （= follow） - The police trailed the criminal to the place where he was hiding （criminal n.罪犯）Print n.印痕Cling v.粘 （clung, clung, clinging） - She is always
28、 clinging to her mother. - He clung to the hope that he would succeed. 他怀有成功的希望 stick v.粘住 （- stick the envelop）n.信封 stick to 坚持 （- stick to the plan / stick to ones promise）n.许诺 sticky adj.粘的 （- sticky fingers）convince v.使信服 1convince sb of sth- I convince him of my honesty. （n.诚实, 正直） 我使他相信我的诚实。 2
29、 be convinced that - I am convinced that she is honest girl. （adj.诚实的, 正直的）somehowadv.不知怎么搞地, 不知什么原因 = by some means, in some way, for some reason unknown - Ill get the book back somehow. 无论如何我要把这本书取回来。 - I got lost somehow 不知怎么搞地, 我迷失了。 Somewhat adv.稍微, 有点, 有些 （= a little ） - The price is somewhat
30、higher than I expect. （ high adj.高的）disturb v.令人不安 disturbing adj.令人不安的 / disturbed adj.感到不安的 surprising adj.令人惊讶的 / surprised adj.感到惊讶的 exciting adj.令人激动的 / excited adj.感到激动的wild adj.野性的 , 野生的 investigate v.调查, 研究 description n.描写, 描述 extraordinarily adv.特别地，非常地，格外 similar adj .相似的, 类似的 attack vt.攻
31、击 difficult adj .困难的, 艰难的 difficulty n.困难, 难点 rabbit n.兔, 野兔 paw n.手掌, 手爪 fur n.毛皮, 毛, 软毛 bush n.矮树丛 fully adv.充分地, 完全地 collector n.收藏家, 征收者Text 课文 at large 逃遁的, 没有被控制的 - The thief is still at large at large 详细地（= in detail）n.细节, 详情 - I need talk to you at large at large 总体来讲（= as a whole ） - The st
32、udents at large are hungry for English.（hungry adj.饥饿的, 渴望的）Where must the puma have come from? Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. 在英文的表达方式中，首先呈现给读者的是结果（和中文不同） 英文擅长用长句，中文擅长用短句。 - Pandas are large cat-like animals which are found in Asia. （panda n.熊猫）cat-like 猫一样的 , 偷偷摸摸的 /
33、 dog-like 狗一样的 / life-like 栩栩如生的When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. 一般来讲定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词的后面，但为了保持句子平衡，也可以把 谓语动词放到从句之前 1 定语从句只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰 - 定语从句的引导词： - 指人：主语 who；宾语 who, whom；定语 whose - 指物：that （也可以
34、指人）/ which - 时间状语：when / 地点状语：where / 原因状语：why 2 同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的内容 - 同位语从句的引导词： - 名词(做主语、宾语等 )：关系词用 that 而不是 which - 时间：when；地点：where - 定语从句中没有 what 这个关系词，但 what 可以引导同位语从句 - An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in another way. - I have no idea what has happened to him。they were not t
35、aken seriously （they 指代 reports ） take sth seriously = deal with sth seriously 认真地对待某事 - I always take your suggestions seriously. take sth lightly 草率地对待某事（lightly adv.轻率地） - Dont take the hot potato lightly （ hot potato n.棘手的问题）However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt
36、 obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar. However adv.然而(起转折作用) As 连词：随着, 当.之时 过去分词做定语： - the descriptions given by people - the story told by the sailor (n.海员, 水手, 船员) - a book written by Luxun claim to have done st
37、h 声称曾经做过某事 - He claimed to have been the manager of the large shop.The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw a large cat only five yards away from her. Where a woman picking定语从句 - I still remember the school where I studied English.It immediately ran away
38、when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered.Confirm = be sure = be certain (confirm vt.确定) Unless it is cornered = if it is not cornered (unless conj.如果不 , 除非) - He will accept the job unless the salary is too low.The search proved difficult
39、, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening. search = huntWherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. 把某物留在后面：leave behind - Wherever he went, the wound left behind him a trail of blo
40、od. （n.血）Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. 英文表达方式习惯用被动语态, 突出客观事实。而中文则善于运用动作的执行者。 puma fur was found clinging to bushes. （被动） - clinging to bushes 是现在分词短语做宾补Several people complained of “cat-like noises at night and a businessman on a fishing trip s
41、aw the puma up a tree. complain of/about sth 抱怨某事 on+名词：强调动作正在进行 - on the rise 在上升 / on the increase 在增加 - on the watch 在观看 / on the match 在比赛中 - on the fishing trip 在钓鱼的途中 / on holiday 在度假The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it comefrom? Fully （adv.充分地, 完全地
42、）= completely = entirelyAs no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. sth be in the possession of sb = sth be in sbs possession 某物归某人所有(主语是物) - The beautiful car is in my possession.=
43、 The beautiful car is in the possession of me. Sb be in possession of sth 某人拥有某物(主语是人) - I am in possession of the beautiful car. （in possession of 做表语） - The person in possession of the big house is excited. （in possession of 做定语） take possession of 拥有The hunt went on for several weeks, but the pum
44、a was not caught. Went on = lasted （last vi.继续, 持续）It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside. It is disturbing to think that. 一想到 就心理不安- It is disturbing to think that I fail my examination in the quiet countryside 在宁静的山村Special difficulties 难点
45、Exercises A 1. at/for 2. to 3. to 4. in 5. on Exercises B 1. He is the man we have heard about so much. 2. The shelf you put those books on has collapsed. （vi. 倒塌 , 崩溃, 瓦解） 3.Whom did you receive a letter from? 特殊疑问句中 whom 不能省略（本句） 。 定语从句中 Which 以及指代人的做宾语的 Whom, 在非正式用法当中可以省略。 省略时，介词不能前置到关系代词 Whom, W
46、hich 前，只能用于非固定的动词短语后面。 固定的动词短语 look for：寻找 （去掉 for 后 look 没有寻找的意思，所以介词 for 不能前置） 非固定的动词短语 look at：注视 live in：居住 （去掉 in 后 live 仍有居住的意思，所以介词 in 可以前置） This is the old house in which he lived. = This is the old house he lived in. 4.This is the road we came by? 5.Where is the pencil you were playing with
47、?Multiple choice questions 多项选择1 正确答案：D in common adv.共有 （替换了 similar）2 正确答案：B A ）只是一个具体的特定的事列，阅读理解题的时候要把握中心大意 B ） large cat persuade v.说服, 劝说3 答案正确：C 做理解题时要紧扣主题、紧扣中心大意 文章最后一句话总结了大意句型结构题和词汇题是每课的关键 4 答案正确：C Make 的用法： make somebody do （在主动语态中不定式的符号 to 应该省略） be made to do （被动语态中不定式的符号 to 必须补充完整） - They
48、 made her wait for hours.5 答案正确： D A ）把 say 改成 claim 就对了 （- People claimed to have seen the puma.） D ）清楚的道明了动作发生的先后关系6 正确答案：B 原句中的 when 引导的时间状语从句表示：.就 （ as soon as） 被动：On being observed, it immediately ran away. 主动：On observing her, it immediately ran away. On seeing me, he waved to me.7 正确答案：D except 可以和名词 /名词性从句进行搭配（也可是 when/if 引导的从句形式） unless = if.not = except on the condition that when = if - except when they are cornered. = except if they are cornered. - Whenever you come, you are
