1、高级口译笔记文化交流（Cultural Exchange） 一、词汇汉字的四声（平声、上声、仄声和去声） the four tones of Chinese characters, namely, the level tone, the rising tone, the falling-rising tone, and the falling tone笔画 stroke部首 radical偏旁 basic character component象形文字 pictograph 独角戏 monodrama/one-man play皮影戏 shadow play折子戏 opera highlight
2、s单口相声 monologue comic talk对口相声 comic cross talk说书 monologue story-telling传说 legend神话 mythology寓言 fable武术 martial art气功 controlled breathing exercise气功疗法 breathing technique therapy春联 spring couplet剪纸 paper-cut戏剧脸谱 theatrical mask草药的四气：寒、热、温、凉 four properties of medicinal herb: cold, hot, warm and co
3、ol草药的五味：酸、苦、甘、辛、咸 five tastes of medicinal herb: sour, bitter, sweet, hot and salty二十四节气 the twenty-four solar terms天干地支 the heavenly stems and earthly branches清明节 the Pure Brightness Day端午节 the Dragon Boat Festival中秋节 the Mid-Autumn Festival文化事业 cultural undertaking民族文化 national culture民间文化 folk cu
4、lture乡土文化 native/country culture跨文化交流 cross-cultural communication文化冲击 culture shock表演艺术 performing art舞台艺术 stage art流行艺术 popular/pop art高雅艺术 elegant/high art电影艺术 cinematographic art十四行诗 sonnet三幕六场剧 a three-act and six-scene play音乐舞台剧 musical 复活节 Easter万圣节 Halloween内容与形式的统一 unity of content and form
5、古为今用，洋为中用。 Make the past serve the present and the foreign serve China.中国是一个历史悠久、文化灿烂的多民族国家。China is a multinational country with a long history and splendid culture.文化交流不是让外国文化吞没自己的文化，而是为了丰富和充实本民族的文化。Cultural exchange is by no means a process of losing ones won culture to a foreign culture, but one
6、 of inriching a nations own culture.二、练习【难度指数】【难易程度】a piece of cake筷子起源于中国，现在许多亚洲国家都使用它。第一批筷子是骨头或玉制成的。在春秋时期出现了铜制和铁制的筷子。在古代，富人家用玉或金子制成筷子以显示其家庭的富有。许多帝王有银制的筷子来检查他们的食物是否被投了毒。友情提示：筷子：chopsticks玉：jade高级口译笔记旅游观光（Tourism） 一、词汇中国国家旅游局 China National Tourism Administration中国国际旅行社 China International Travel Se
7、rvice旅游管理局 tourist administration burear旅行社 travel service/agency旅游公司 tourism company春/秋游 spring/autumn outing假日旅行 vacation tour 目的地 destination自然景观 natural scenery/attraction人文景观 places of historic figures and cultural heritage名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers名胜古迹 scenic spots and historical s
8、ites佛教名山 famous Buddhist mountain五岳 five great mountains避暑山庄 mountain resort度假胜地 holiday resort避暑胜地 summer resort自然保护区 nature reserve国家公园 national park 旅游景点 tourist attraction古建筑群 ancient architectural complex园林建筑 garden architecture山水风光 scenery with mountains and rivers诱人景色 inviting views湖光山色 lands
9、cape of lakes and hills青山绿水 green hills and clear waters景色如画 picturesque views金石印章 metal and stone seals石刻碑文 stone inscriptions天下第一泉 the finest spring under heaven石舫 stone boat水榭 waterside house莲花池 lotus pond国画 traditional Chinese painting山水/水墨画 landscape/ink painting手工艺品 artifact; handicrafts陶器 ear
10、thenware 折扇 folding fan木/竹/贝雕 wood/bamboo/shell carving联合国教科文组织 UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 国民生产总值 GNP gross national product国内生产总值 GDP gross domestic product二、例句1.桂林山水甲天下，阳朔山水甲桂林。Guilin landscape tops those elsewhere, and Yangshuo landscape tops that of G
11、uilin.2.这座寺庙历史悠久，可追溯到初唐时期。The temple has a long history dating back to the early period of the Tang Dynasty.3.该城市有全国规模最大、最负盛名的园林。The city boasts the largest and the most famous garden in the country.三、练习上海市英语高级口译资格证书实考试题【难度指数】【难易程度】适中加拿大幅员辽阔，其面积仅次于俄罗斯。可是它只有 2600 万人，是联合王国人口的一半还不到。国土的三分之一覆盖着森林，还有大片的草原
12、，无数的湖泊和河流。其气候差异甚大。除了温哥华以外，冬天异常寒冷。加拿大的夏天总的来说天气暖和，特别是内陆地区，因此你只需要轻薄的衣服。温哥华 Vancouver高级口译笔记人物访谈(Interview) VOCABLULARY采访人 interviewer被采访人 interviewee 常驻记者 resident correspondent特派记者 staff correspondent驻外国记者 foreign correspondent现场报道 on-the-spot report; live report新闻发布会 news briefing记者招待会 press/news conf
13、erence消息灵通人士 well-informed source权威人士/来源 authoritative source可靠消息 reliable news新闻/通讯稿 news release头条新闻 top/headline news标题新闻 headline news内幕新闻 inside story花边新闻 box news时事 current news杂闻 sidelights专题报道 special report专栏作家 columnist特约撰稿人 staff writer自由撰稿人 free-lancer无可奉告 no comment记者证 press card通讯社 new
14、s agency新华社 Xinhua News Agency路透社（英）Reuters News Agency美联社（美） Associated Press塔斯社（俄）TASS; Telegraphic Agency of Soviet Union每日电讯报（英） The Daily Telegraph纽约时报 The New York Times华尔街时报 The Wall Street Journal华盛顿邮报 The Washington Post高级口译笔记信息时代（The Information Age） 第一部分 词汇新兴产业 emerging industry朝阳产业 sunri
15、se industry网络产业 Internet industry 虚拟现实 virtual reality虚拟商店 virtual store兼容性计算机平台 compatible computing platform微型浏览器 microbrowser宽带技术 broadband technology拨号上网调制解调器 dial-up modem交互式多媒体 interactive multimedia交互式电子书籍 interactive e-book界面 interface无线掌上导航器 wireless palm pilot蜂窝通信 cellular communications家用
16、电器 household electrical appliances局域网 Intranet网站 website网民 netizen网吧 cybercafe网络世界 cyber world 网上贸易 cyberbusiness网上交易 networked transaction上市 be listed on the stock market市值 stock value税后利润 after-tax profit中国证监会 China Securities Regulatory Commision纳斯达克 NASDAQ National Association of Securities Deal
17、ers Automated QuotationsADSL: Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line，不对称数字订阅线路Delphi：读音delfai，特尔斐，古希腊城市名，被古希腊人当成世界的中心，因有阿波罗神殿而出名。在电脑英语中指美国宝兰(Borland)公司的一种可视化、面向对象、事件驱动的电脑编程语言。DLL：Dynamic Link Library, 动态链接库DNS: Domain Name System，域名系统FTP: File Transfer Protocol，文件传输协议Ghost: General Hardware Oriented Sys
18、tem Transfer，全面硬件导向系统转移HTML: HyperText Markup Language，超文本标记语言HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol，超文本传输协议IP: Internet Protocol，网际协议ISDN: Integrated Service Digital Network，综合服务数字网络ISP: Internet Service Provider，因特网服务提供商Java：由美国太阳(Sun)公司推出的新型面向对象程序设计语言。Java 集面向对象、平台无关性、稳固性、安全性、多线程等诸多特性于一体，增加了异常处理、网络编程等
19、方面的功能，特别适合于 Internet 应用的开发，是实现“一个世界，一个网络”构想的关键。用 Java 编写的各类软件能真正做到“Write Once,Run anywhere(一次写成，到处运行)”，也就是说，相同的软件可在不同计算机上运行，无论是 PC 机、苹果机、UNIX 计算机、还是顶置盒、PDA(个人数据助理)乃至智能元器件无一例外。LAN: Local Area Network，局域网MIDI：Musical Instrument Digital Interface,乐器数字接口MPEG：是 Motion Picture Experts Group 的，运动图像专家组MSN:
20、Microsoft Network，微软网络OCR：Optical Character Recognition, 光学字符识别OEM：Original Equipment Manufacturer, 原始设备制造商RAM：Random Access Memory，随机存储器，即人们常说的“内存”。ROM：ReadOnly Memory，只读存储器。第二部分 例句据中国因特网信息中心的统计数据，中国的公共网络已覆盖 365 个城市，上网电脑达 520万台，经常上网者达 1,260 万人以上，网址有 32,000 个。According to statistics from China Inter
21、net Network Information Center, the public network covers 365 cities, and the number of on-line computers reached 5.2 million, with 12.6 million regular Internet users and 23,000 web sites.今天的因特网具有强大的通信功能，它可以提供电子邮件、即时信息和聊天室等多种通信方式。Todays Internet is a powerful way to communicate, including e-mail, i
22、nstant messaging and chatroom services.关注未来因特网的最佳方法是了解今日的因特网存在着什么问题。The best way of looking at the Internet of the future is to ask what is wrong with todays.今天，商务和通信二十四小时不停地进行着。在有线电视的新闻节目中所报道的事件不是在几点钟发生，而是在一个小时或 30 分钟前发生。当地时间已不再是一个有意义的时间标志。Today, commerce and communications never cease but go aroun
23、d the clock. On cable-TV news shows, events did not happen at which hour, but an hour or 30 minutes ago. Local time is no longer the meaning marker of events.高级口译笔记饮食文化（Catering Culture） VOCABLULARY烹调术 cookery色、香、味 color, aroma and taste佐料 seasoning刀功 slicing technique清炒 plain-frying煸 stir-frying爆 q
24、uick-frying炸 deep-frying煎 pan-frying焙 roasting清蒸 steaming氽 quick-boiling熏 smoking腌 salting食谱 recipe回锅肉 twice-cooked pork slices in brown sauce炸猪排 fried pork chop 北京烤鸭 roast Beijing duck什锦炒蔬 stir-fried mixed vegetables酸辣汤 hot and sour soup鸡茸蘑菇汤 cream of mushroom with chicken主食 staple food馒头 steamed b
25、read米饭 steamed rice扬州炒饭 Yangchow fried rice冷面 cold noodle炒米粉 fried ground rice noodles炸酱面 noodles with fried brown sauce paste油条 fried twisted stick锅贴 pan-fried dumping花卷 steamed twisted roll小笼包子 steamed meat dumpling粽子 rice dumpling wrapped in reed leaves黑啤 dark beer黄酒/花雕酒 yellow rice wine烈酒 spitit
26、s/ strong liquor白干 white liquor佐餐酒 table wine（酒）加冰块的 on the rocks（酒）不加冰块的 straight up小啜 sip矿泉水 mineral water红茶 black tea清咖啡 black coffee全脂/脱脂奶 whole/skim milk酸奶 yoghurt粟子 chestnut马蹄梨 water chestnut莲子 lotus seed藕 lotus root猕猴桃 kiwi fruit山楂 haw枣 Chinese date餐前开胃点心 appretizer主菜 main course附菜 side dish餐
27、后甜食 dessert什锦色拉 mixed fruit salad with ham什锦水果圣代 mixed fruit sundae民族风味餐 ethnic food小吃 snack冷盘 cold dish点心 pastry餐桌圆转盘 Lazy SusanPRACTICETranslate the following passage into English评判中餐烹调的优劣可依据中餐的三大要素，即“色、香、味”。“色”作为“色、香、味”三要素中的首要标准，充分体现在宴会菜肴的装盘、摆放和图案上。最能显示色彩的是首先上桌的好道煞费苦心而精心制作的冷盘。“香”不仅是指鼻子对食物的直接感受，它还
28、包括所选原料的新鲜成度以及佐料的合理搭配。“味”则体现了恰到好处的调味艺术，当然它也包括食物的质地，以及切菜的刀功。色、香、味这三大要素的高品质，只有通过选料、调料、适时烹调、把握火候、装盘上桌这些微妙步骤的细心协调，才能取得。高级口译笔记谚语口译（Interpreting Proverbs） 三、形异意合的谚语，这类谚语常常会被望“形”生“意”，造成误译。 1. A bad conscience is a snake in ones heart.做贼心虚。2. Accidents will happen.天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福。3. A clear conscience is a sur
29、e card.为人不做亏心事，半夜不怕鬼敲门。4. A hedge between keeps friendship green.君子之交淡如水。5. All your swans are geese.事与愿违。6. As you make the bed, so you must lie in it.自食其果。7. A watched pot never boils.心急吃不了热豆腐。8. Count ones chickens before they are hatched.盲目乐观。9. Danger is next neighbor to security.塞翁失马，安知非福？10.
30、Do in Rome as Romans do.入乡随俗。11. Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.顺其自然。12. Everybodys business is nobodys business.三个和尚无水吃。13. Justice has long arms.天网恢恢，疏而不漏。14. He knows most who speaks least./Still water runs deep.大智若愚。15. Late fruit keeps well.大器晚成。16. Many kiss the baby by the na
31、me of the nurses sake.醉翁之意不在酒。17. Misfortune might be a blessing in disguises.祸兮福所倚，福兮祸所伏。18. Names are debts.树大招风。19. Nothing venture, nothing have.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。20. Rest breeds rust.生命在于运动。21. Rome was not built in a day.冰冻三尺非一日之寒。22. Save your breath to cool your porridge.各人自扫门前雪，莫管他人瓦上霜。23. Short pl
32、easure, long lament.一失足成千古恨。24. Stick together through thick and thin.患难与共。25. Take things as they come.既来之则安之。26. The pot calls the kettle black.五十步笑一百步。27. The shepherd would rather lose the wool than the sheep.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。28. Things done cannot be undone.木已成舟。/覆水难收。29. True blue will never stain.
33、真金不怕火炼。30. You cannot make a crab walk straight.江山易移，本性难改。高级口译笔记谚语口译(Interpreting Proverbs) 二、形似意合的谚语 1. A new broom sweeps clean.新官上任三把火。2. All roads lead to Rome./ All rivers run into the sea.殊途同归。3. As a man sows, so he shall reap.种瓜得瓜，和豆得豆。4. A sparrow cannot understand the ambition of a swan.燕雀
34、安知鸿鹄之志。5. A straight foot is not afraid of a crooked shoe.身正不怕影儿斜。6. A word spoken is past recalling.一言既出，驷马难追。7. Beat the dog before the lion.杀鸡儆猴。8 Better an open enemy than a false friend.明枪易躲，暗箭难防。9. Diamond cut diamond.强中更有强中手。10. Do one thing under cover of another.明修栈道，暗度陈仓。11. Dogs bite in e
35、very country.天下乌鸦一般黑。12. Every potter praises his pot.王婆卖瓜，自卖自夸。13. Fine feathers make fine birds.佛要金装，人要衣装。14. Gifts blind the eyes.拿了手短，吃了嘴软。15. Good wine needs no bush.酒香不怕巷子深。16. Have a card up ones sleeve.胸有成竹。17. He cries wine and sells vinegar.挂羊头，卖狗肉。18. He takes a spear to kill a fly.杀鸡用牛刀。
36、19. In for a penny, in for a pound.一不做，二不休。20. It is better to be the head of a dog/lizard than the tail of a lion.宁为鸡首，不为牛后。21. It is better to die than to live when life is a disgrace./ Better die with honor than live with shame.宁可玉碎，不为瓦全。22. Judge not a book by its cover.人不可貌相，海不可斗量。23. Kill two
37、birds with one stone.一箭双雕。/一石二鸟。24. Let sleeping dogs lie.勿打草惊蛇。25. Love me, love my dog.爱屋及屋。26. Much will have more.得陇望蜀。/得寸进尺。27. Once bit, twice shy.一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。28. Peace on the forehead and war in the mind.口蜜腹剑。29. Put the cart before the horse.本未倒置。30. Speak of the devil( and he will appear).说
38、曹操，曹操到。31. Teach fish to swim.班门弄斧。32. The pupil outdoes the master.青出于蓝而胜于蓝。33. The same knife cuts bread and fingers.水能载舟，亦能覆舟。34. The sauce is better than the fish.喧宾夺主。35. There are plenty of fish in the sea.天涯何处无芳草。36. There is no smoke without fire.无风不起浪。高级口译笔记谚语口译（Interpreting Proverbs） 谚语作为一
39、种以简单通俗的语言来表达深刻道理的语句，常为人们所引用。千百年来各国之间或多或少的文化交流，往往会使一个民族的谚语跨越疆界，广为流传于其它民族。许多谚语流传甚广，早已为我们所熟知。因此，谚语的口译并非是一道不可逾越的障碍。谚语的口译大致可分为三种类型，一种是“形同意合”的口译，第二种是“形似意合”的口译，第三种是“形异意合”的口译。 一、“形同意合”的谚语A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。All shall be well, Jack shall have Jill.有情人终成成眷属。A man should not bite th
40、e hand that feeds him.不要恩将仇报。Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.情人眼里出西施。Business is business.公事公办。Facts speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。Fish in troubled waters. 浑水摸鱼。Friends must part.聚散离合总有时。/天下无不散之宴席。Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。Health is better than wea
41、lth.家有万贯财，不如一身健。Hedges have eyes, walls have ears.隔篱有眼，隔墙有耳。In time of peace prepare for war.居安当思危。Like father, like son.有其父，必有其子。Man proposes, God disposes.谋事在人，成事在天。Misfortunes never come alone.祸不单行。Money cant buy time.寸金难买寸光阴。More haste, less speed.欲速则不达。Out of office, out of danger.无官一身轻。Out of
42、sight, out of mind./Far from eye, far from heart.眼不见为净。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。The style is the man.文如其人。Time and tide wait for no man.时不我待。/岁月无情。The remembrance of the past is the teacher of the future.前事不忘后事之师。/前车之覆，后车之鉴。To teach is to learn.教学相长。The tongue cuts the throat.祸从口出。/言多必失。高级口译笔记同
43、声传译(Undertaking Simultaneous Interpretation) 同声传译，又称同步口译，是译员在不打断讲话者演讲的情况下，不停地将其讲话内容传译给听众的一种口译方式。同声传译的最大优点在于效率高，可以保证讲话才作连贯发言，不影响或中断讲话者的思路，有利于听众对发言全文的通篇理解。 一、在同声传译活动中对译员的要求1、同声传译要求译员有良好的听觉解意能力。同声传译是一种即听即译的活动，听入与译出之间只保持几秒钟的时间距离，译员在口头传译几秒钟前听到的信息的同时，还必须耳听及解译新的信息。因此这种听觉解意能力非同一般意义的耳听会意能力，它指的是一种译员在有自我干扰的环境下
44、及时听解信息的能力。但是译员的听解并非完全是一种被动的行为，译中可以从大会的主题、发言者的立场、发言论题或论点的背景知识等示意因素，使自己的听译建筑在“上下文”的基础上，进而变被动听译为主动听译。2、同声传译要求译员具备在听解的同时有迅速组织句子进行连贯流畅表达的能力。也许有人会认为，汉语是我们的母语，因此英译汉的困难在于能否及时听懂英语内容，不在于如何有汉语来组句和表达。这完全是对口译工作的一种误解。组句表达，无论是以外语还是以母语进行，都是一门学问，一种才能，尤其是在需要顾及听的内容的情况下。二、同声传译的一些基本方法和技巧1、意译同声传译即听即译的特点，迫使译员不得不“一心二用”，使译员
45、在翻译过程中难以做到“形”“意”两全。此外，译员在同步传译时迫于时间压力，也无法对目标语的表达形式斟词酌句一番。在“形”“意”难以两全的情况下，译员应采用意译的方法，以简洁的语言迅速将来源语所包含的概念和命题传达给听众。2、顺译顺译是指一种顺着来源语的词序，按部就班地选择目标语的对应词进行传译的方法。这里所讲的顺译仅限于顺结构、顺词序的传译，不包括词词对应的顺译。汉语和英语的基本句子结构均为“主动宾”结构，限定词（如数词和所有格代词）和形容词一般也都出现在名词前面，这为英汉顺译或汉英顺译提供了必要的条件。3、截句截句是指译员在同声传译过程中及时、适时截断来源语的长句，并按照目标语的表达习惯，将
46、所听到的信息分解成短句，或重组成联句，然后传译过去。词语置前例：中国政府将一如既往地支持联合国主持正义、维护和平、促进全球繁荣的行动。The Chinese government will as always support the UN efforts to uphold justice, maintain peace and promote global prosperity.词语后置或暂存例：联合国维和部队应该驻扎在那一地区，一直到所有各方签署了和约为止。我们的这一立场已得到公认。Our position is widely received that the UN peace-keep
47、ing force will stay in that region until a peaceful agreement has been signed by all concerned parties.添词例：我很高兴地向各位通报，中美就知识产权问题签署了一项谅解备忘录，从而避免了一场可能出现的贸易战。I feel very pleased to report to you that China and the United States signed a Memorandum of Understanding in terms of protecting intellectual pro
48、perty rights, an act that has averted a potential trade war.减词例：中国同其周边国家的关系比以往任何时期都好，这种十分珍贵的睦邻友好关系无论对中国人民还是这些国家的人们来说，都极为有益。Chinas relations with its neighboring countries are better than ever before, a situation that best represents the interests of the Chinese people and the peoples of other countr
49、ies concerned.重复例：多年来，中国经济的持续增长发挥了越来越重要的作用，这种作用在于促进了亚太地区乃至全球经济的健康发展。Over the years, Chinas sustained economic growth has played an increasing more important role in boosting the healthy economic development in the Asian-Pacific region and the world as a whole.同声传译的才能不是一种可望而不可及的天赋才能。常言说得好，“工夫不负有心人”。只要我们细心钻研同传知识和技巧，积极参与同传强化训练，水到自然渠成。高级口译笔记商务谈判(Business Negotiation) 第一部分 基本词汇询价 make an inquiry报价 quotation报/发盘 offer底盘 floor offer实/虚盘 firm/non-firm offer开/收盘 opening/closing price现/期货价 spot/forward price还盘 counter-offer回佣 return commission到岸价 C.I.F.（即 Cost
