1、Unit 1 Great scientists,基础知识自测,一、单词拼写 根据读音、词性和词义写出单词。 1. _ 5hAndl n. 柄；把手v. 处理 2. _ E5nauns vt. 宣告；通知 3. _ i5mi:djEtli adv. 立即；马上 4. _ kEn5klu:d vt. &vi. 结束；推断出 5. _ ri5pi:t vt. &vi. 重复；重做 6. _ kjuE n. 治愈；痊愈 vt. 痊愈 7._ iks5pEuz vt. 暴露；揭露 8. _ vju: n. 看法，见解；景色 9. _ E5diFEn n. 增加；加 10. _5bAkwEd adv.&
2、adj. 向后地,handle,announce,immediately,conclude,repeat,cure,expose,view,addition,backward,11._ strikt adj. 严格的，严密的 12. _ ri5dVekt vt. 拒绝 13. _ bleimv. 责备； 谴责 n.过失；责备 14. _ kEm5pli:t adj. 完成的 vt. 完成，结束 15. _ kEn5trEul vt.&n. 控制；支配 16. _ 5vaiErEs n. 病毒 17. _ E5tend v. 看护；照料；出席；参加 18. _ 5endVin n. 发动机；引擎
3、 19. _ di5fi:t vt. 击败；战胜 n.失败 20. _ in5strQkt vt. 通知；指示；教导,instruct,strict,reject,blame,complete,control,virus,attend,engine,defeat,二、单词运用 根据句子的结构和意义，在空格处填入一个恰当的单词或者用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Wilson_ Jason by about a meter and won the race at last. 2. Keep indoors and dont_ your skin to the sun, or youll ge
4、t sunburned. 3. The other day Henry lost_ of himself and hit his wife, but later he made an apology to her. 4. After thinking long hard about it, weve c_ that the right decision is to move to Chicago. 5. By a_ the parts of the sentence we can learn more about English grammar.,defeated,expose,control
5、,conclude,analysing,6. The c_ I like best in her is her modesty and kindness. 7. A_ in her papers, she didnt notice my coming. 8. The result of this examination will be_ (宣布) tomorrow. 9. Apart_ the construction mentioned above, you have also learned the following phrases. 10. Although he had tried
6、to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led_ the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system.,to,characteristic,Absorbed,announced,from,三、词语派生 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1. The news was so_ (inspire) that all of us were_ (inspire). 2. We must prevent the water from_ (pollut
7、e). 3. We should study hard and be ready to make greater _(contribute) to our country in the future. 4. He did not show any_ (enthusiastic) for our new plans. 5. The May 4th_ (move) of 1919 is very important in the history of China.,inspiring,inspired,being polluted,contributions,enthusiasm,Movement
8、,6. There was a large_ (attend) at the meeting. 7. There used to be a kind of what was called “literature of _(expose)” in the 1980s in China. 8. The arrival of canals was of great_ (valuable) to many industries. 9. He is very cautious about committing himself to anything while his brother is very_
9、(cautious). 10. He took a step backward in order to take three steps_ (backward).,attendance,exposure,value,incautious,forward,四、词语互译 将下列词组或短语译成中文或英语。 1. _ 蒸汽机 2. _ 提出 3. _ 得出结论 4. _ 也；另外 5. _ 将和连接起来 6. _ 除之外；此外 7. _ 对严格 8. _ 通向；导致 9. _ 有意义；说得通,steam engine,put forward,draw/ make a conclusion,in add
10、ition,link to,apart from,(be) strict with,lead to,make sense,10. point of view _ 11. cure sb. of a disease_ 12. attend (on) sb. _ 13. make up _ 14. the way _ 15. come to an end _ 16. take up _ 17. know about _ 18. look into _,态度；观点,治愈某人嫉病,看护/ 照料某人,和解；化妆/ 装；虚构（故事等）,道路；方法；程度,结束；完成,开始从事；占据,知道；了解,调查；研究,
11、五、词组运用 词组填空 根据句子提供的语境，从第四大题中选出一个适当的词组并用其适当的形式填空。 1. Several important plans_ at yesterdays meeting. 2. _, the children were taught how to play the piano. 3. Differences of opinion_ heated discussion. 4. Thank you very much for the information, Sir and Ill get one of our detectives to_ the matter.,we
12、re put forward,In addition,led to,look into,翻译填空 根据汉语意思，从上述短语中选出一个恰当的词组完成句子。 5. 在经过了长期的繁荣之后， 这个家族最终走向灭亡。 After a long period of prosperity, the family _. 6. 除了沉溺于电脑游戏， 他似乎无事可做。 _ his being addicted to the computer games, he seems to have nothing to do. 7. 这段不知所云的文章读起来很费劲。 The paragraph which doesnt_
13、 is hard to read.,came to an end,Apart from,make sense,句子翻译 从上述短语中选出一个恰当的短语翻译下列句子。 8.你在国外时，是哪些好心人在照料你呀？ _? 9.他擅长编故事。 _. 10.五十岁时，他开始从事一门新的职业，对于这个职业他一直梦寐以求。 _.,He began to take up a new career at the age of fifty, which he had been dreaming of.,Which kind people were attending (on) you whenyou were ab
14、road?,He is good at making up stories.,六、语法填空 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个恰当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 John Snow was 31_ well-known doctor in London in 32_ 19th century. He wanted to find the cause of cholera in order to control 33_. In 1854 when a cholera broke out, he began to gather information. H
15、e marked on a map where all the 34_ (die) people had lived 35_ he found that many people 36_ had drunk the dirty water from the water pump died. So he decided that the 37_ (pollute) water carried cholera. He suggested that the source of all water supply 38_ examined and new methods 39_ dealing with
16、polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was 40_ (defeat).,a,the,it,dead,and,who/ that,polluted,(should) be,of,defeated,Expressions & phrases know about lift up steam engine physical characteristic put forward 6. infectious disease 7. in scientific research 8. setting out a new scientific id
17、ea,9. draw a conclusion 10. analyse the results 11. a well-known doctor 12. ordinary people 13. expose ()to sth. 14. the most deadly disease 15. terrified people 16. become interested in sth./doing sth 17. absorb sth. into 18. gather the information 19. determine to do sth.,20. a valuable clue 21. t
18、he water pump 22. be to blame 23. link to (be linked to) 24. have it delivered (have sth. done) 25. die of 26. announce with certainty,27. polluted water 28. prevent sb. from doing sth. 29. deal with 30. solve the problem 31. apart from 32.be strict with 33. make sense,Language points for Warming up
19、,1. explain explain sb. Sth. explain sth. to sb . 2. characteristic n./adj. Some genetic s are not obvious. The two groups of children have quite different s. Forgetfulness is often of aged people.,(T),(F),特有的,典型的,pass sth from “从处传来，传下“pass by 路过，经过pass down 把传下来pass on 传递，传授,1.The tradition is _ t
20、heir ancestors. 2. This spirit should be passed _ from generation to generation. 3. Pass the letter _ to the person next to you . 4. So many people pass _ and never notice the change.,passed from,down,on,by,3.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?是谁发明了把电带给大城市中的每个人的办
21、法? the way of doing sth.= the way to do “做的方法” She showed us the way of cleaning it.= She showed us the way to clean it.她给我们示范清洗它的办法. the way引导的定语从句的引导词有三种, 可以用that;可以用in which;还可以省略.,I dont like the way _ you speak to your father. 我不喜欢你跟你父亲讲话的方式. 与way相关的短语: by the wayby way of lose ones wayno way f
22、eel ones way on ones way to in this way=by this means=with this method,(that/ in which),用这种方法,顺便说,通 过的方法,迷路,(俚语) 没门,别想,摸黑走,谨慎从事,在去的路上,4.Who put forward a theory about black holes?谁提出了黑洞的理论? put forward (1) to offer (an idea, suggestion etc.) for consideration 提出(建议等) (2)推荐某人或自己任职位;提名 我能否提名你当我们的班长?,M
23、ay I put your name forward as our monitor?,The match has been put forward to 1:30.,比赛已经提前到一点半举行。,put away 抛弃;舍弃 put down 写下来;记入名单; put on 穿上;戴上;增加 put off 耽误;延期 put out 熄灭(灯);扑灭 (火) put up 建立;建造 put up with 忍受 You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please _ the books when youve finished
24、with them. A. put on B. put down C. put back D. put off,conclude: v. 作结论，断定 The jury concluded that he was guilty.陪审团认定他有罪。 to conclude: 总而言之，总之 To conclude, I want to thank you for your help. conclusion: n. 结论,得出结论,arrive at draw come to,a conclusion,defeat v./ n. 1.He defeated the champion in thre
25、e sets. 2.His words completely defeated me. 3.The Party faces defeat in the election.,击败，战胜,使困惑,win / beat /defeat win “赢得，获胜” ，后接奖品，奖金，名誉，财产beat “击败，战胜” ，后接竞争队伍或者对手，敌人defeat “击败，战胜” ，后接竞争队伍或者对手，敌人，（此用法同beat）; 疾病等,Language points for Reading 1,1.Mary _ the first place in the competition. 2. Our scho
26、ol _ their school at football. 3. I _John at chess yesterday.,won,beat / defeated,beat / defeated,1. John Snow was a famous doctor in London-so expert, indeed, that be attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.,约翰.斯诺曾经是一位著名的医生-他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫.,expert 专家；高手；权威。 an agricultural expert
27、农业专家 an expert with the computer 电脑高手,expert 也可以作形容词，“熟练的；老练的；经验（或知识）丰富的” an expert rider 熟练的骑手 an expert opinion 内行的意见,(2)to take good care of (a sick person, for example)照看,照料.如:,医生照看病人.,The doctor attended (on / upon) the patients.,(3)to be present at 出席,到场. 如: attend school 上学 attend a lecture 听
28、讲座 attend church 去教堂 attend (at) a wedding 出席婚礼,attend v. (1)to take care; give attention 注意,留意. 如:,Well attend to the solution of that problem later.,attend to 1.处理，办理 我有许多事情要处理。2. 照顾，照料 先生，有人接待你吗？ Are you being attended to ? If you go out, Ill attend to the baby. 3. 专心，注意 If you dont attend to the
29、 teacher,youll never learn anything. attendance n. 照顾，出席,I have some important things to attend to.,2.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.,exposed to cholera 在句子中是过去分词用作后置定语,表示被动.意为 “患霍乱的”.如:,The book written by LuXun is very popular. 鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的.,
30、昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯先生.,The man seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith.,发散思维： exposed adj. 暴露的，暴露于风雨中的，无掩蔽的 exposedness n. 暴露，显露,开放思维: expose to 使易受，使受 expose sth to the light of day把某事暴露于光天化日之下expose a fraud揭穿骗局,Miles of sand are exposed at low tide.2.The people of some Asian countries were exposed to t
31、he tsunami in 2004. 3. He exposed the crime to the police. 4. He exposed the plan to the newspsper.,to uncover,to make suffer,to make known,3.This was the deadly disease of its day. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) deadly adj. (1).dangerous; likely to cause death 危险的;致命的 a deadly disease / weapon (2)
32、.highly effective against sth. or someone 强有力的;致命的 a deadly remark 击中要害的评论,(3). aiming to kill or destroy意在杀死的;不共戴天的: a deadly enemy 不共戴天的敌人 adv. (1). Very极度;非常;十分: deadly serious 十分认真 (2). like death 死一般地:deadly pale 死一般苍白,4.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbrea
33、k.,every time 在这里是连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次，每当”,e.g. Every time I meet him, I always think of the things happened between us.,每次见到他，我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。,注意: immediately, the moment, directly, instantly 等与 every time一样，都可以用作连词引导时间状语从句，意为 “一就”。如： I will give the letter to him immediately I see him. 我一见到他就把这封信给他。I
34、came directly I got your letter. 我一接到你的信就来了。,5.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals .,absorbinto 吸收 如：,e.g. The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.,这家大公司逐渐将这些小的公司吞并了。,absorb v. (1)吸收（液体）；,Water absor
35、bs oxygen.,(2) The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher could give him. (3) The book absorbed his attention. (4) The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city.,理解,接受,吸引(注意力, 兴趣等),使并入,吞并,be ed in 被吸引；专心于；全神贯注于某事 如:,He is absorbed in his book. The little girl was absorbed i
36、n reading a tale.,suggest 经常有“建议”的意思，但在这个句子里的意思是“暗示间接表明”；。如： The disorganized meeting suggested bad preparation. 混乱的会场表明准备工作很差。,suggest 还有 “建议”的意思，在后文中有体现“To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined” 为防止这种情况再度发生，。,I suggested that h
37、e should give up smoking. 我建议他戒烟。 The chairman suggested the meeting be put off until next week. 主席建议会议延迟到下周举行。,suggest 后面还可以接-ing形式或名词。如： She suggested a picnic at the weekend. 她提议周末去野餐。 Kane suggested leaving early for the airport. 凯恩提议早些发去机场。,他发现在两条街道上霍乱流行的特别厉害，在十天之内就死去了五百多人。,5.In two particular
38、streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people had died in 10 days.,severe adj. (1)unsparing or harsh, as in treatment of others; strict 严厉的；苛刻的；严格的. 如: The severe trainer has gone abroad. You can breathe freely again.(2)causing sharp discomfort or distress; extremely violent
39、or intense; very serious. 剧痛的，剧烈的，严重的，难熬的 如: a severe attack of toothache.,要求苛严的教官已经出国.你可以完全放心。,牙痛的剧烈发作。,这张地图提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。,6. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.,valuable (1)adj. worth of a lot of money 值钱的，贵重的 如： The watch is valuable. 这表很值钱。 a valuable diamond. 贵重的
40、钻石。,(2) adj. having great usefulness or value 如: valuable information(3)n. (常用复数形式)sth that worth a lot of money. 如: Cathy kept her valuables in a safe.,重大的消息,凯西把她的贵重物品藏在保险箱里.,7. It seemed that the water was to blame.看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮水了。,be+动词不定式，可以表示该做或不该做的事情，相当于must, should, ought to 等。 如：,No one is to
41、 leave this building without the permission of the police. 没有警察的允许谁也不准离开这栋楼。 You are not to drop litter in the park. 公园里不允许乱丢纸屑。,受到责备，主动表被动,8.Next,John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. 其次，约翰.斯诺调查了这两条街的水源。,look into 往.里面看；to investigate 检查；了解。 如： Well look into this mat
42、ter together. 我们将一起调查这个问题。,开放思维： look on 观看，面向，旁观，看待 look out 面朝，留神，照料 look over 从上面看，察看，检查 look around 环顾，观光，察看 look through 看穿，审核，浏览，温习 look up and down 仔细打量，到处寻找 look after 寻求，照顾，关心,linkto. 把与连接；联系 如： Fingerprints linked the suspect to the crime. 指纹证实了嫌疑犯的犯罪事实。 be linked to 连接 如： The two towns ar
43、e linked by a railway.,9. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街爆发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中又发现了有力证据,10.With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.,ann
44、ounce v. to make known publicly 如： The captain announced that the plane was going to land.,有了这个证据，约翰.斯诺就能够肯定的宣布，这种被污染的水携带病毒。,机长宣布飞机就要着陆了。,Language points for Reading II,Language points:,revolution & revolutionarye.g. Mao Zedong is the great leader of the Chinese Revolution. Sun Zhongsan is a great r
45、evolutionary leader.,lead to,引起；造成；导致。,This will probably lead to trouble in the future. 这很可能将导致日后的麻烦。 This let to his conclusion that she was guilty. 这使他得出了她有罪的结论。,Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 只有你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。only if 只有；只要。当以only引导的短语或状语从句放于句首时，为了加强语气，句子需要倒装。1) Only if a teacher page permission is a student allowed to enter the room.2) Only by shouting and waving his hands could he be noticed.,
