1、四六级翻译词汇（一）：历史文化版画 engraving彩塑 painted sculpture瓷器 porcelain; china刺绣 embroidery宫灯/花灯 palace/festival lantern剪纸 papercutting景德镇瓷器 Jingdezhen porcelain木/石/竹刻 wood/stone/bamboo carving唐三彩 tri-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty中国水墨画 Chinese ink and wash painting陶器 pottery微雕 miniature engraving象牙
2、雕刻 ivory carving京剧脸谱 facial make-up in Peking Opera木刻版画 wood engraving木偶戏 puppet show独角戏 monodrama; one-man show皮影戏 shadow play; leather-silhouette show京剧 Peking Opera秦腔 Shaanxi Opera单口相声 monologue comic talk双口相声 witty dialogue口技 vocal imitation说书 monologue story-telling杂技 acrobatic performance叠罗汉 m
3、aking a human pyramid特技 stunt哑剧 dumb show; mime马戏 circus performance春节 the Spring Festival元宵 sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour秧歌 yangko年底大扫除 the year-end household cleaning灯谜 lantern riddle登高 hill climbing拜年 paying a New Year call鞭炮 firecracker年画 (traditional) New Year picture舞龙 dragon da
4、nce春联 Spring Festival couplets元宵节 the Lantern Festival植树节 Tree-Planting Day除夕 New Years Eve端午节 the Dragon Boat Festival龙灯舞 dragon lantern dance庙会 temple fair年夜饭 family reunion dinner on New Years Eve清明节 Tomb-Sweeping Day扫墓 pay respects to a dead person at his tomb赏月 admire the moon压岁钱 money given to
5、 children as a lunar New Year gift; gift money辞旧迎新 ring out the old year and ring in the new year中秋节 Mid-Autumn Day重阳节 the Double Ninth Festival十二生肖 Chinese Zodiac七夕节 Double Seventh Day粽子 traditional Chinese rice-pudding; zong zi中餐烹饪 Chinese cuisine粤菜 Cantonese cuisine淮扬菜 Huaiyang cuisine鲁菜 Shandong
6、 cuisine川菜 Sichuan cuisine佛教 Buddhism佛寺 Buddhist temple道教 Taoism道观 Taoist temple道士 Taoist priest儒教 Confucianism儒家文化 Confucian culture墨家 Mohism法家 Legalism孔庙 Confucian Temple孔子 Confucius春秋 The Spring and Autumn Annals史记 Historical Records诗经 The Book of Songs书经 The Book of History易经 The Book of Changes
7、礼记 The Book of Rites四书 The Four Books大学 The Great Learning中庸 The Doctrine of the Mean论语 The Analects of Confucius孟子 The Mencius山海经 The Classic of Mountains and Rivers本草纲目 Compendium of Materia Medica资治通鉴 History as a Mirror西厢记 The Romance of West Chamber西行漫记 Red Star Over China三国演义 The Romance of th
8、e Three Kingdoms水浒传 Water Margin聊斋志异 Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio红楼梦 A Dream of Red Mansions; The Story of the Stone西游记 Pilgrimage to the West; A Journey to the West武侠小说 martial arts novel言情小说 romantic fiction八股文 eight-part essay; stereotyped writing五言绝句 five-character quatrain七言律诗 seven-charact
9、er octave民间艺术 folk art高雅艺术 refined art戏剧艺术 theatrical art电影艺术 film art爱国主义精神 patriotism文化产业 cultural industry文化事业 cultural undertaking文化交流 cultural exchange文化冲突 cultural shock; cultural conflict乡村文化 rural culture民族文化 national culture表演艺术 performing art文化底蕴 cultural deposit华夏祖先 the Chinese ancestor同宗
10、同源 be of the same origin中国文学 Chinese literature中国武术 Chinese martial arts; Kung Fu中国书法 Chinese calligraphy火药 gunpowder印刷术 printing; art of printing造纸术 papermaking technology指南针 compass中国结 Chinese knot青铜器 bronze ware武术门派 style/school of martial arts习武健身 practice martial arts for fitness古代格斗术 ancient f
11、orm of combat武林高手 top martial artist气功 qigong无与伦比的文学创作 unmatched literary creation汉语的四声调 the four tones of Chinese工艺 workmanship; craftsmanship手工艺品 handicraft泥人 clay figurine苏绣 Suzhou embroidery寓言 fable神话 mythology传说 legend公历 the Gregorian calendar阴历 the Lunar calendar天干 Heavenly Stems篆刻 seal cuttin
12、g闰年 leap year二十四节气 24 solar terms传统节日 traditional holiday才子佳人 gifted scholar and beautiful lady中华文明 Chinese civilization中外学者 Chinese and overseas scholar寺庙 temple汉学家 sinologist考古学家 archaeologist人类学家 anthropologist历史学家 historian地理学家 geographer宿命论 determinism守岁 stay up late on New Years Eve桂花 sweet os
13、manthus中药 traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)文明摇篮 cradle of civilization明清两代 the Ming and Qing Dynasties江南 South of the Yangtze River水乡景色 riverside scenery上海大剧院 Shanghai Grand Theater样板戏 model opera霸王别姬 Farewell to My Concubine佛经 Buddhist scripture都江堰 Dujiang Weir孙子兵法 The Art of War三字经 Three-Characte
14、r Scripture旗袍 cheongsam; chi-pao中山装 Chinese tunic suit唐装 Traditional Chinese garment; Tang suit风水 geomancy胡同 alley; hutong神农本草经 Shen Nongs Herbal Classic针灸 acupuncture推拿 medical massage切脉 feel the pulse旧石器时代 the Paleolithic Period母系氏族社会 matriarchal clan society封建(制度) 的 feudal秦朝 the Qin Dynasty汉朝 the
15、 Han Dynasty唐朝 the Tang Dynasty宋朝 the Song Dynasty元朝 the Yuan Dynasty明朝 the Ming Dynasty清朝 the Qing Dynasty秦始皇 the First Qin Emperor皇太后 empress dowager春秋时期 the Spring and Autumn Period四六级翻译词汇（二）：社会发展人工智能 artificial intelligence生物技术 biotechnology克隆 clone基因突变 genetic mutation基因工程 genetic engineering转基
16、因食品 genetically modified food (GM food)小康社会 a well-off society综合国力 the overall national strength扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project温饱工程 Decent-Life Project安居工程 Economy Housing Project生态农业 environment-friendly agriculture铁饭碗 a secure job外出打工人员 migrant worker基层监督 grass-roots supervision价格听证会 public price hearin
17、g家政服务 household management service假账 false accounting智力密集型企业 intelligence-intensive enterprise三角债 chain debt素质教育 education for all-round development; quality-oriented education社会治安情况 public security situation改革开放政策 the reform and opening-up policy一国两制 One Country, Two Systems人大代表 NPC representative法
18、制观念 awareness of law公务员 civil servant和谐并存 harmonious coexistence西部大开发 Development of the West Regions可持续性发展 sustainable development虚拟现实 virtual reality网民 netizen (net citizen)电脑犯罪 computer crime应试教育 exam-oriented education学生减负 reduce study load综合治理 comprehensive treatment下海 go into business文化适应 accu
19、lturation信息港 information port摇钱树 the Money Tree职业培训 job training人才交流 talent exchange职业文盲 functional illiterate智力引进 recruit/introduce talents早恋 puppy love舆论导向 direction of public opinion人口老龄化 aging of population人口出生率 birth rate全国人口普查 nationwide census人口激增 population explosion预期寿命 life expectancy社会公益活
20、动 public welfare activity活动中心 recreational center道德标准 ethical standard尊老爱幼 respect the old and cherish the young退休金 pension敬老院 home for the aged老年大学 university for the aged养老金 old-age pension社会保险 social insurance人寿保险 life insurance多元文化论 multiculturalism社会保障 social security搬迁户 a relocated unit or hou
21、sehold信息革命 information revolution信息高速公路 information superhighway办公自动化 Office Automation (OA)信息高地 information highland教育界 educational circles/world教育投入 input in education九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education高考 university/college entrance examination高校扩招 the college expansion plan初等教育 elementary educa
22、tion教育事业 educational cause高等教育 higher education高等学府 institution of higher education综合性大学 comprehensive university文科院校 college of (liberal) arts必修课 required/compulsory course选修课 elective/optional course教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus启发式教学 heuristic teaching填鸭式教学 cramming method of teaching学前教育 presch
23、ool education校园数字化 campus digitalization城市化 urbanization基础设施 infrastructure第三产业 tertiary industry商业化 commercialization水短缺 water shortage环境污染 environmental pollution过度工业化 over-industrialization过度拥挤 overcrowding财富分配 wealth distribution社会动荡 social instability能源和资源消耗 a drain on energy and resources快节奏生活
24、 a rapid pace of life社区服务 community service挪用公款 embezzlement充电(知识更新) update ones knowledge社会福利 social welfare废物处理 waste disposal消费方式 pattern of consumption恶性循环 vicious cycle资源配置 resource allocation城市规划 urban planning房地产 real estate温室效应 greenhouse effect全民健身运动 nationwide fitness campaign网络造谣 fabricat
25、e rumors online网络出版 online publishing社会事业 social undertaking每人，人均 per capita小康社会 moderately prosperous society宏观调控 macro-economic control社会主义新农村 new socialist countryside依法 pursuant to the law生产力过剩 surplus production capacity节能 energy conservation以房养老 house-for-pension scheme社区护理 community care公务员 c
26、ivil servant取得突破 make breakthroughs义务教育 compulsory education杂费 miscellaneous fees寄宿制学校 boarding school远程教育 distance education中等职业学校 secondary vocational school最低生活保障 basic cost of living allowances自治区 autonomous region网上银行 online banking跨行转账 inter-bank transfer手机银行 mobile banking解放思想 free ones mind与
27、时俱进 keep pace with the times因地制宜 tailor measures to local conditions扣分处罚 point penalty社会和谐 social harmony特别行政区 special administrative region扩大内需 expand domestic demand传染病 communicable/infectious disease前沿 cutting edge民办学校 non-publicly funded school社会保障 social security试点项目 pilot project反腐 combat corr
28、uption填补漏洞 plug up loopholes武警 armed police社会主义市场经济 socialist market economy科学发展观 Scientific Outlook on Development社会主义和谐社会 harmonious socialist society中国特色社会主义 socialism with Chinese characteristics行政审批 administrative examination and approval“十二五”规划 the Twelfth Five-Year Plan人工智能 artificial intelli
29、gence生物技术 biotechnology克隆 clone试管婴儿 test-tube baby基因突变 genetic mutation基因工程 genetic engineering转基因食品 genetically modified food3D/三维电影 three-dimensional movie三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project希望工程 Project Hope民族精神 national spirit小康水平 comparatively well-off level多极世界 multipolar world一个中国原则 the one-China pr
30、inciple综合国力 the overall national strength共同愿望 common desire/aspiration不结盟 non-alignment单边主义 unilateralism多边主义 multilateralism无土栽培 soilless culture生态农业 environmental-friendly agriculture农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labor force关系户 closely-related unit低洼地区 low-lying area淹没农田 inundate cultivated land终身职业 lifel
31、ong career铁饭碗 a secure job外出打工人员 migrant worker基层监督 grass-roots supervision基础税率 base tariff level婚纱摄影 wedding photography机器阅卷 machine scoring豆腐渣工程 jerry-built project价格听证会 public price hearing家政服务 household management service加强舆论监督 enhance the supervision by the public opinion扩大中等收入者比重 raise the pro
32、portion of the middle-income group借调 temporarily transfer假账 false accounting智力密集型企业 intelligence-intensive enterprise下岗职工 laid-off worker素质教育 education for all-round development; quality-oriented education形象小姐/先生 image representative of a product or a brand社会治安情况 public security situation改革开放 reform
33、 and opening-up一国两制 One Country, Two Systems和谐并存 harmonious coexistence三个代表 Three Represents人大代表 deputy to the NPC人大常委会 Standing Committee of the NPC法制观念 awareness of law法治国家 a country under the rule of law官僚主义作风 the bureaucratic style of work计算机辅助教学 computer-assisted instruction虚拟现实 virtual reality
34、电脑犯罪 computer crime网上购物 online shopping应试教育 exam-oriented education学生减负 reduce study load下海 go into business; plunge into the commercial sea舆论导向 direction of public opinion提供各种便民服务 provide various convenient services新秀 up-and-coming youngster文化适应 acculturation信息港 information port综合治理 comprehensive t
35、reatment以人为本 people oriented; people foremost易拉罐 pop-top can虚拟网 virtual net职业培训 job training人才交流 talent exchange人才战 competition for talented people职业文盲 functional illiterate智力引进 recruit/introduce talent智商 intelligence quotient (IQ)患难夫妻 couple who go through thick and thin together招生就业指导办公室 enrollmen
36、t and vocation guidance office人口老龄化 aging of population人口出生率 birth rate全国人口普查 nationwide census人口激增 population explosion预期寿命 life expectancy社会公益活动 public welfare activities尊老爱幼 respect the old and cherish the young教育事业 educational cause道德标准 ethical standards娱乐中心 recreation center搬迁户 a relocated unit
37、 or household敬老院 home for the aged老年大学 university for the aged养老金 old-age pension社会保险 social insurance人寿保险 life insurance多元文化论 multiculturalism社会保障 social security老弱病残 the aged, the weak, the sick, and the disabled大龄青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial age核心家庭 nuclear family直系家庭 stem family大
38、家庭 extended family破裂的家庭 broken family家庭规模 family size孝(道) filial piety/duty孝顺 show filial obedience孝子/孝女 dutiful son/daughter独生子女 the only child媒人 matchmaker统筹兼顾 make overall plans and take all factors into consideration退耕还林还牧 convert the land for forestry and pasture未婚子女 unmarried children学生处 stude
39、nts affairs division在职博士生 on-the-job doctor青少年犯罪 juvenile delinquency教育界 educational circles/world教育投入 input in education九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education团队精神 team spirit高考 university/college entrance examination高校扩招 the college expansion plan大学城 college/university town初等教育 elementary education理
40、工科大学 college/university of science and engineering政治思想教育 political and ideological education大学社区 college community高等教育 higher education高等学府 institution of higher education综合性大学 comprehensive university师范学院 normal college文科院校 colleges of (liberal) arts考研 take the Postgraduate Entrance Examination高分低能
41、 high scores and low abilities四六级翻译词汇（三）：中国经济出租车起步价 flag-down fare法定准备金率 required reserve ratio网购 online shopping虚拟经济 fictitious economy反盗版 anti-piracy知识产权 intellectual property rights出口退税 tax rebates人民币升值 RMB appreciation信贷紧缩 credit crunch最优惠贷款利率 prime lending rate经济适用房 economically affordable hous
42、e大宗交易系统 block trading system暴利税 windfall profits tax从紧的货币政策 tight monetary policy宽松的货币政策 easy monetary policy审慎的财政政策 prudent fiscal policy股权收购 stake purchase房屋中介 letting agent地产经纪人 estate broker直销 direct selling传销 pyramid selling吃回扣 to take/receive/get kickback洗钱 money laundering透支 overdraft货币升值 rev
43、aluation起征点 cutoff point养老保险 endowment insurance逃税 tax evasion首次公开募股 initial public offering出口补贴 export subsidy资产负债表 balance sheet库存量 inventory反倾销 antidumping赤字 shortfall资本净值 net worth牛市 bull market法律风险 legal risk风险管理 risk management信用风险 credit risk第一产业(农业) primary industry第二产业(工业) secondary industr
44、y第三产业(服务业) tertiary industry国内生产总值 gross domestic product (GDP)(商品和劳务币值总和，不包括海外收入支出) 扩大内需 expand domestic demand分期付款 payment by installments计划经济 planned economy中国人民银行(中央银行) Peoples Bank of China (Central Bank)四大国有商业银行 four major state-owned commercial banks居民储蓄存款 residents bank savings deposit泡沫经济 b
45、ubble economy经济过热 overheating of economy通货膨胀 inflation实体经济 the real economy经济规律 laws of economics市场调节 market regulation优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources市场风险 market risk国有企业 state-owned enterprises (SOEs)私营企业 private businesses中小企业 small and medium-sized enterprises电话会议 conference call空头支票 dish
46、onored cheque折旧 depreciation多元化 diversification倾销 dumping电子商务 E-commerce网上零售商 E-retailer新兴市场 emerging market汇率 exchange rate上市，公开上市 going public合营企业，合资企业 joint venture贷款人 lender营销 marketing中长期贷款 medium and long term loans道德风险 moral hazard机会成本 opportunity cost专利 patent贸易赤字，贸易逆差 trade deficit贸易盈余，贸易顺差
47、 trade surplus世界银行 World Bank世界贸易组织 World Trade Organization(WTO)宏观调控 macroeconomic regulation社会主义新农村 new socialist countryside生产力过剩 surplus production capacity节能 energy conservation公务员 civil servant远程教育 distance education最低生活保障 basic cost of living allowance稳健的财政政策 prudent fiscal policy所得税 income t
48、ax高附加值 high value-added社会主义市场经济 socialist market economy科学发展观 Scientific Outlook on Development社会主义和谐社会 harmonious socialist society生活标准 standard of living购买力 purchasing power； buying power停滞 stagnation平均收益 average revenue商品 commodity商品市场 commodity market竞争性市场 competitive market消费者偏好 consumer prefer
49、ence折扣 discount劳动分工 division of labor经济效率 economic efficiency规模经济 economy of scale企业家精神 entrepreneurship过度供给 excess supply; oversupply支出 expenditure要素市场 factor market出租车起步价 flag down fare暴利税 windfall tax实体经济 real economy虚拟经济 fictitious/virtual economy人民币升值 appreciation of the RMB住房保障制度 housing security system成品油 refined oil原油价飙升 crude oil prices surge原油储备 crude oil stockpile油价机制 oil price mechanism经济特区 special economic zone软着陆 soft landing结构改革 structural reform城镇化 urbanization上座率 seat occupancy rate浮动票价 floating prices网络交易平台 e-trade plat
