1、1专题 04 Earthquakes 【考纲解读】1. 学习并理解“中国唐山地震的不眠之夜”“地震后重建的新唐山”“美国旧金山1906 年地震”。2. 了解地震的有关知识，学习在地震或突遇的灾难中如何自救、救人。【高频单词】1burst ( vi.) 爆裂；爆发 ( n.) 突然破裂；爆发burst (过去式/过去分词)2event ( n.) 事件；大事3nation ( n.) 国家；民族；国民national ( adj.) 国家的；民族的；全国的nationality ( n.) 国籍4dirt ( n.) 污垢；泥土dirty ( adj.) 肮脏的5ruin ( n.) 废墟；毁灭
2、 ( vt.) 毁灭；使破产6suffering ( n.) 苦难；痛苦suffer ( v.) 遭受(苦难等) 7extreme ( adj.) 极度的extremely ( adv.) 极度地 8injure ( vt.) 损害；伤害injury ( n.) 伤害；损害injured ( adj.) 受伤的9destroy ( vt.) 破坏；毁坏；消灭destruction ( n.) 破坏；摧毁10track ( n.) 轨道；足迹；痕迹211useless ( adj.) 无用的；无效的；无益的useful (反义词) ( adj.) 有用的；有益的12shock ( vt. the
3、 literacy（识字） rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professi
4、onal writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon（名人堂） of English
5、 literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona 22Lisa.How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victori
6、an age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. Its partly true that Dickens style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. Its partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But its also that he rewrote th
7、e culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a singular writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible and important for our own cultureto understand how he made himself a la
8、sting one.21. Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?A. They were difficult to understand.B. They were popular among the rich.C. They were seen as nearly worthless.D. They were written mostly by women.22. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress_
9、.A. his reputation in FranceB. his interest in modern artC. his success in publicationD. his importance in literature23. What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A. To remember a great writer.B. To introduce an English novel.C. To encourage studies on culture.D. To promote values of the Victo
10、rian age.【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A【解析】本文写于 Charles Dickens 诞辰 200 周年前夕，介绍了 Charles Dickens 在23英国小说方面的重要贡献和深远影响。22. 推理判断题。根据第二段 Dickens greatness is unchallenged.和列举的Charles Dickens 小说的影响可知，把他和 Mona Lisa 相比是为了说明 Charles Dickens在英国小说方面的重要性和 Mona Lisa 在绘画方面的重要性是一样的，故选 D。23. 写作意图题。根据文中对 Charles Dickens 及其作品
11、在英国小说史上重要性的描写，和文章最后 But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible and important for our own cultureto understand how he made himself a lasting one.可知本文是写于 Charles Dickens 诞辰 200 周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。故选 A。BSteven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit mak
12、es sense when you consider that hes an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Steins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags. Americans us
13、e more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台) . The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag maker
14、s are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.Among the bag makers argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers 24to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport.
15、And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground todayThe industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag
16、 use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.Environmentalists dont dispute（质疑） these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too an
17、d want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.24. What has Steven Stein been hired to do?A. Help increase grocery sales.B. Recycle the waste material.C. Stop things falling off trucks.D. Argue for the use of plastic bags.25. What does the word “headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Bans on
18、plastic bags.B. Effects of city development.C. Headaches caused by garbage.D. Plastic bags hung in trees.26. What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?A. They are quite expensive.B. Replacing them can be difficult.C. They are less strong than plastic bags.D. Producing t
19、hem requires more energy.27. What is the best title for the text?A. Plastic, Paper or NeitherB. Industry, Pollution and EnvironmentC. Recycle or Throw Away25D. Garbage Collection and Waste Control【答案】24. D 25. A 26. D 27. A【解析】文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况，塑料袋造成了环境问题，尽管纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。25. 词
20、义猜测题。上文介绍在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁用，看到这种现状，塑料袋生产商雇用 Steven Stein 等科学家是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害。headwinds“逆风” ，此处指塑料袋被禁用的现状，即 Bans on plastic bags，故选 A。26. 细节理解题。根据第四段 However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.可知塑料袋生产商认为生产耐用且能重复使用的袋子需要更多的能量，故选 D。27. 标题归纳题。文章讲述了使用塑料袋造成的环境问题，纸袋容易回收，
21、但生产和运输需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比，Plastic, Paper or Neither 既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，最适合作为标题。故选 A。CAs cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line（装配线） on September 27, 19
22、08. Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger.
23、 For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be Americangoing forward at high speed to find 26new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest pu
24、blic works project in history.In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrialThe cars that drove the American
25、 Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.The problems of excessive（过度的）energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the wor
26、st, but hopes for the best.Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”28.
27、Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?A. To explain Americans love for travelling by car.B. To show the influence of cars on American culture.C. To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.D. To praise the effectiveness of Americas road system.29. What has the use of cars in America led
28、 to?A. Decline of economy. B. Environmental problems.C. A shortage of oil supply. D. A farm-based society.30. What is Friedmans attitude towards Americas future?A. Ambiguous. B. Doubtful. C. Hopeful. D. Tolera【答案】28. B 29. B 30. C【解析】文章讲述了汽车在美国经济和文化上的重要作用，也指出了汽车带来的环境问题。2729. 细节理解题。根据第四段 The cars tha
29、t drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.可知，美国汽车的迅速发展，导致全球生态灾难，也就是造成环境问题。故选 B。30. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的 He fears the worst, but hopes for the best. 和最后一段中的 Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）is a chance to keep American strength.可见 Friedman 虽然对未来担心，但抱有最好的希望，
30、他指出了发展绿色积极的想法。可见 Friedman 对未来是充满希望的，故选 C。4. 【2017北京卷】完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Hannah Taylor is a schoolgirl from Manitoba, Canada. One day, when she was five years old, she was walking with her mother in downtown Winnipeg. They saw a man 36 o
31、ut of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. Hannah was very 37 .She couldnt understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food. Hannah started to think about how she could 38 ,but,of course, there
32、is not a lot one five-year-old can do to solve(解决)the problem of homelessness. Later ,when Hannah attended school, she saw another homeless person. It was a woman, 39 an old shopping trolley（购物车）which was piled with 40 . It seemed that everything the woman owned was in them. This made Hannah very 28
33、sad, and even more 41 to do something. She had been talking to her mother about the lives of homeless people 42 they first saw the homeless man. Her mother told her that if she did something to change the problem that made her sad, she wouldn t 43 as bad.Hannah began to speak out about the homelessn
34、ess in Manitoba and then in other provinces. She hoped to 44 her message of hope and awareness. She started the Ladybug Foudation ,an organization aiming at getting rid of homelessness. She began to 45 “Big Bosses” lunches, where she would try to persuade local business leaders to 46 to the cause. S
35、he also organized a fundraising(募捐)drive in “Ladybug Jars” to collect everyones spare change during “Make Change” month. More recently, the foundation began another 47 called National Red Scarf Daya day when people donate $20 and wear red scarves in support of Canadas 48 and homeless.There is an eme
36、rgency shelter in Winnipeg called “Hannahs Place”, something that Hannah is very 49 of. Hannahs Place is divided into several areas, providing shelter for people when it is so cold that 50 outdoors can mean death. In the more than five years since Hannah began her activities, she has received a lot
37、of 51 .For example, she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the 52 of young people to change the world. But 53 all this, Hannah still has the 54 life of a Winnipeg schoolgirl, except that she pays regular visits to homeless people.Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a
38、 55 in the world. You can,too!36. A. jumping B. eating C. crying D. waving37. A. annoyed B. nervous C. ashamed D. upset38. A. behave B. manage C. help D. work2939. A. pushing B. carrying C. buying D. holding40. A. goods B. bottles C. foods D. bags41. A. excited B. determined C. energetic D. grateful
39、42. A. since B. unless C. although D. as43. A. sound B. get C. feel D. look44. A. exchange B. leave C. keep D. spread45. A. sell B. deliver C. host D. pack46. A. contribute B. lead C. apply D. agree47. A. campaign B. trip C. procedure D. trial48. A. elderly B. hungry C. lonely D. sick49. A. aware B.
40、 afraid C. proud D. sure50 A. going B. sleeping C. traveling D. playing51. A. praises B. invitations C. replies D. appointments52. A. needs B. interests C. dreams D. efforts 3053. A. for B. through C. besides D. along54. A. healthy B. public C. normal D. tough55. A. choice B. profit C. judgement D.
41、difference【解析】本文讲述 Hannah Taylor 通过自己的努力来建立公益组织筹集资金帮助那些无家可归忍饥挨饿的人。36.考查动词。A. jumping 跳 B. eating 吃 C. crying 哭 D. waving 挥手。他们看见一个人从垃圾桶里捡东西吃，根据后文的 hungry 可知答案为 B。39.考查动词。A. pushing 推 B. carrying 拿 C. buying 买 D. holding 握。购物车肯定是推着的，根据逻辑常识可推出，故选 A。40.考查名词。A. goods 货物 B. bottles 瓶子 C. foods 食物 D. bags 包。因为是流浪者，所以随身的东西肯定都是用包装好的，故车上堆满了包，里面装满了东西，选D。41.考查形容词。A. excited 激动的 B. determined 下决心的，坚定的 C. energetic 精力充沛的 D. grateful 感激的。Hannah 很难过，所以她更加下定决心一定要把这件事做好，故选 B。
