1、1高考真题中出现的熟词生义普通高等学校招生全国统一考试说明中的词汇表是命题人的主要依据，而这个词汇表只提供了英语单词或短语的拼写形式，未有词性和词义。这就给命题人提供了广阔的活动空间，给他们减少了很多限制，但却给考生增加了几倍的难度。一词多义的现象普遍存在，一个单词在不同的语境中有不同的含义。学生对于一些熟悉单词的生僻含义，或者一些多义词在文章中的合适含义，往往较难把握，因此造成阅读困难甚至理解偏差。为帮助学生提高在语境中学习、理解词汇的能力，笔者特此整理了近几年全国卷出现一词多义（熟词生义）的词汇，供教师、学生们作教、学参考。1. pick up【真题原文】Dont forget to st
2、op by Pacific Science Centers Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. (2017 全国 I 卷阅读 A 篇)【词义解释】pick up 常用词义为“捡起， （用车）接人” 。本句中的 pick up 后接两个并列的宾语“a wonderful science activity”和“souvenir” 。 “pick up”与“a wonderful science activity”搭配时可理解为“to
3、join in, to participate（参加） ”；与“a wonderful souvenir”搭配时则意为“to buy sth. （挑选/购买） ”。【参考译文】不要忘记到太平洋科学中心商场停留一下，在这里你可以参加一个精彩的科学活动和选购一件精美的纪念品，以纪念你的到访。【小试牛刀】你可以花 200 美元就可以淘到一台二手笔记本电脑。You can _ a second-hand laptop for about $200.2. feed【真题原文】 Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body? (201
4、7 全国 I 卷阅读A 篇)【词义解释】feed 常见词义为“喂养，饲养” ，本句中的 feed 则理解为“to satisfy a need, desire, ect. and keep it strong(满足)”。【参考翻译】我们的展品可以使你的心灵充实，但你的身体呢？【小试牛刀】广泛地阅读是充实心灵的好途径。Extensive reading is a good way to_ .3. special【真题原文】Our caf offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal speci
5、als. (2017 全国 I 卷阅读 A 篇)【词义解释】special 常用作形容词，意为 “特别的”。在本句中，special 用作名词，意为“a dish that is not normally available or is made for a particular purpose（特色菜） ”。【参考译文】除了季节性的特色菜，我们的咖啡馆还供应菜式齐全的午餐和零食，任君选择。【小试牛刀】今天的特色菜写在布告板上。Todays _ are written on the board.4. work【真题原文】Trying to help injured, displaced or
6、sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful. (2017 全国 I 卷阅读 B 篇)【词义解释】work 常用意思为 “工作”，此句中的 work 理解为“to be effective or successful（有效；成功） ”。【参考译文】试图去帮助受伤的、流离失所的或者病弱的动物可能是令人心碎的；（能否）活下来是不确定的。但是，当成功活下来时，活着就是很美好的。2【小试牛刀】她关于部门重组的构想实际上永远都不会
7、实现。Her idea for reorganizing the department will _ in practice.5. carrier【真题原文】When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in acarrier for safety. (2017 全国 I 卷阅读 B 篇)【词义解释】carrier 常见意为“运输工具，运送者” ，此句中的 carrier 理解为“a temporary shelter or a rough nest（临时庇护处或简易的窝） ”。【参考译文】当我到
8、达时，我看到一只两三周大的猫头鹰。为安全起见，它已经被安置到一个临时庇护处了。【小试牛刀】有些鸟自己不筑巢，甚至连个简易窝都不建。相反，他们喜欢在其他鸟的巢里下蛋。Some birds dont build their own nests, even a rough _. Instead, they lay eggs in the nests of other birds.6. anchor【真题原文】My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree. (2017 全国 I 卷阅读B 篇)【词义解释】anchor 常见词义
9、为“n. 锚；v. 抛锚”。本句的 anchor 意为“to make something or someone stay in one position by fastening him, her, or it firmly（把固定） ”。【参考译文】我的下一步工作就是建一个鸟巢，并把它安放在一棵树上。【小试牛刀】我们用绳子把自己固定在岩石上。We _ ourselves to the rocks with a rope.7. rest【真题原文】Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup a
10、nd therest of the line runs up and out the side of the hole. (2017 全国 I 卷阅读 D 篇)【词义解释】rest 常用含义为“v. to creates the opportunity for sth. to happen（使能够，促使） ”。【参考译文】它（地铁）在地下延伸七公里，并使得人们在上下班时可以避开地面公路的严重的拥堵。【小试牛刀】这些密集的树木，使得没空间扩种更多的树木了。These crowed trees _no room for more trees.20. delicious【真题原文】This deli
11、cious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF. (2017 全国 III 卷阅读 A 篇)【词义解释】delicious 常用词义为“美味的”，此句中意为“pleasant or interesting（怡人的，有趣的，好玩的） ”。【参考译文】这条好玩的旅游线路穿越这座城市到达金银岛，在那里我们将在著名的 SF酒厂停留。【小试牛刀】我有一些有趣的小道消息和你分享。I have some _ gossip to tell you.
12、21. monitor / pack【真题原文】The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. (2017 全国 III 卷阅读 C 篇)【词义解释】monitor 常见的词义为 “n. 班长”，此句中意为“to watch and check a situation carefully for a period of time in order to discover something about it（v. 监控，监视） ”。pack 常用词义
13、为“n. 包，包装，v. 打包装”，此句中意为 “a group of animals that live and/or hunt together（n. 一群动物） ”。【参考译文】美国鱼类和野生动物服务处认真监控和管理黄石公园的狼群。【小试牛刀】中央情报局正在对他的电话进行监听。The CIA _ his phone calls.一群 野狗正在扑向一只兔子。A _ of wild dogs were rushing at a rabbit.22. about【真题原文】For many older people, particularly those living alone or in
14、the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out andabout without having to rely on others. (2017 全国 III 卷阅读 D 篇)【词义解释】about 常用词义为“大约，关于” ，此句中意为“in many different directions（四处，到处） ”。【参考译文】对于许多老年人来说，特别是那些独居或住在乡间的老年人，驾车（外出）对于他们保持独立生活是非常重要的，这也给了他们
15、出行而不用依赖他人的自由。【小试牛刀】我跑了一上午到处找你。Ive been running _ all morning trying to find you.23. address【真题原文】The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems. (2017 全国 III 卷阅读 A 篇)【词义解释】address 常用词义为 “地址
16、”，此句中意为“to deal with a matter or problem（处理）”。6【参考译文】DriveLAB 正在帮助我们搞明白老年驾驶员的关键点和困难所在，以及我们如何使用科技去解决这些问题。【小试牛刀】这个男孩的学费问题尚未得到解决。The boys problem of school fee hasnt _.24. constant / fine【真题原文】For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we fo
17、und that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at aconstant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of gettingfined. (2017 全国 III 卷阅读 D 篇)【词义解释】 constant ，熟悉的词义为 “经常的；连续不断的”，本句的 constant 意为“staying the same, or not getting less or more（恒久不变的；稳定的） ”。 fine 熟悉的词义为“adj. 好的，
18、健康的，晴朗的”，此句中意为“to charge someone an amount of money as a punishment for not obeying a rule or law（v. 罚款） ”。【参考译文】例如，我们大多数人都会希望老年人总是比其他每一个人都开得慢一点，但是我们惊讶地发现，在限速 30 公里时速路段，他们吃力地保持平稳的速度，同时他们更可能会超过限制速度而有被罚款的风险。【小试牛刀】冰箱在恒温下保存食物。The fridge keeps food _.他因为有威胁恐吓行为而被罚 100 英镑。He _ 100 for using threatening be
19、haviour.25. life【真题原文】She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. (2017 全国 III 卷语法填空)【词义解释】life 常用词义为“生命，生活”，此句中意为“energy or enthusiasm（活力，热情）”。【参考译文】她看起来和其他女生没有两样，又年轻又充满活力。【小试牛刀】这个城市本身充满活力，个性十足。The town itself was _ and character.26. offer【真题原文】My dad thinks I should take the
20、 offer now (2017 全国 III 卷语法填空)【词义解释】offer 常用词义为“提供，提出”，此句中意为“invitation（邀请） ”。【参考译文】我父亲认为现在我应该接受这个邀请。【小试牛刀】莎拉，打算专心学习，拒绝了出演节目的邀请。Sarah, who wants to concentrate on her studies, refused the _ to star at shows.27. kick off【真题原文】It lasted for more than a year and kicked off the civil-rights movement. (2
21、016 全国I 卷阅读 A 篇)【词义解释】kick off 常见的意思为“踢开，踢掉”，在本句中的意思为“ If a meeting, event, or a football game kicks off, it starts (会议，活动) 开始”。【参考翻译】这项运动持续了一年多，并拉开了美国民权运动的序幕。【小试牛刀】据说比赛中午开始。It is said that the match will at noon.28.land7【真题原文】Her simple act landed Parks in prison.(2016 全国 I 卷阅读 A 篇)【词义解释】land 常见的意思
22、为“陆地；着陆” ，在本句中为动词，意为“ to cause someone to be in a difficult situation 使（某人）陷入困境” 。搭配：land sb. in prison/trouble/hospital/court(使某人入狱/陷入困境/住院/ 卷入官司) 。【参考翻译】她简单的举动致使帕尔克斯入狱。【小试牛刀】康妮要是上班老迟到，她会给自己惹上大麻烦的。Connies going to if she keeps arriving late for work.29.raise【真题原文】We now realize how important family
23、 is and how important it is to be near them, especially when youre raising children.(2016 全国 I 卷阅读 B 篇)【词义解释】raise 常见的意思为“举起，升起，提高”，在本句中意为“to look after your children and help them grow 抚养，养育 ”。【参考翻译】我们现在意识到家庭是那么重要，有父母在身旁是那么重要，尤其是在你养育孩子的时候。【小试牛刀】斯坦的父亲去世了，留下他母亲独自抚养三个儿子。Stans dad died, leaving his mot
24、her to three sons alone.30.harvest【真题原文】In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor (捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most. (2016 全国 I 卷阅读 C 篇)【词义解释】harvest 常见的意思是“收获；收割”，在本句中的意思为“to take cells or other body parts from someone for medica
25、l use 采集” 。【参考翻译】总共，自干细胞从捐献者身上采集到它们被移植入病人体内，我们最多有 72个小时。【小试牛刀】意外现场采集的捐献器官被迅速送往医院。The donor organ at the accident scene and rushed to a hospital.31.drop【真题原文】So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: “In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient please, please, you
26、ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed (改道) me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled. (2016 全国 I 卷阅读 C 篇)【词义解释】drop 常见的意思是 “落下，( 使)下降”，在本句中的意思为“to sto
27、p doing or discussing sth.; to not continue with sth.停止；终止；放弃” 。【参考翻译】她直接放弃/停止了所有的事情。【小试牛刀】我 14 岁后就没再学德语。I German (= stopped studying it) when I was 14.32.still【真题原文】They told her to stay still until the emergency personnel arrived, but she thought the car was going to explore. (2016 全国 I 卷完形填空)【词义解
28、释】still 常作为副词，意为“ 仍然，依旧”，在本句中 still 为形容词，意思为“ staying in the same position; not moving 静止的；不动的，安静的”。sit/stand/stay still 意为“坐着站着静着不动” 。【参考翻译】 他们告诉她待在那里不要动，等紧急救援人员到来，但是她认为这辆车快要爆炸了。8【小试牛刀】小孩子很难长时间坐着不动。Children find it difficult to for very long.33.call【真题原文】One thing is certain Larry went above and be
29、yond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! (2016 全国 I 卷完形填空)【词义解释】call 既可作为名词，也可作为动词，意为“打电话，呼叫”，在本句中 call 为名词，意思为“ request/demand 请求，要求”。【参考翻译】 有一件事是确定无疑的，那就是拉里靠近正在燃烧的车辆(救火) 的做法远超越他的职责要求。【小试牛刀】每天放学后这位老师都帮助学生复习功课，尽管这不属于他的职责要求。The teacher helped students after school every day,
30、even though it was .34.switch【真题原文】The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, the other is with mum she never suspects.(2016 全国 I 卷语法填空)【词义解释】switch 常见的意思为“开关，转换” ，在本句中 switch 为动词，意思为“ replace one thing with another, or exchange things 交换; 调换”
31、。【参考翻译】 (熊猫)保育队每隔几天就把他和他的双胞胎姐姐进行交换，这样当一只熊猫宝宝被人工饲养的时候，另外一只则由熊猫妈妈照顾她从未怀疑过。【小试牛刀】要是把我的杯子跟她的换了,你认为她看得出来吗？Do you think shell notice if I my glass with hers?35.live【真题原文】Were bringing you an evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands. (2016 全国 I 卷阅读理解 A 篇)【词义解释】live 作为动词，常见的意思为“居住，活着”，作为
32、形容词时，常见的意思为“活的”，在本句中 live 为形容词，意思为“ (of a performance 表演) given or made when people are watching, not recorded 现场演出的” 。【参考翻译】我们将会带上你去参加一个晚会，那有来自当地最棒的乐团的现场演出的摇滚乐和流行音乐表演。【小试牛刀】现场演奏的乐队在聚会上总是很吸引人的。A band is always a good draw at a party.36.book【真题原文】Book early to get a table. (2016 全国卷阅读理解 A 篇)Admission
33、 is at normal charges and you dont need to book.(2015 全国 I 卷阅读理解 A 篇)【词义解释】 book 常用作名词，意为“书”，book 在本句中为动词，意思为“to arrange to have a hotel room or a ticket etc. or use it at a particular time 订，预订（旅馆房间、票等） ”。【参考翻译】( 你需要)提前预定才能订上座位。入场费按正常收费，你不需要预定。【小试牛刀】劳丽透露她昨晚已为自己预订了返家的机票。Laurie revealed she herself a
34、 flight home last night.37.shoot【真题原文】In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海滩), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival.(2016 全国卷阅读理解 D 篇)9【词义解释】 shoot 常见的意思为 “射击”，在本句中 shoot 的意思为“to make a film/movie or photograph of somethin
35、g 拍摄；摄影”。【参考翻译】事实上，这些照片是在 1914 年到 1916 年之间被拍摄出来的，其中的大部分照片都经历了一次毁灭性的海难，而这些拍摄者没有合情理的生还的可能。【小试牛刀】这部电影是在印度南部实地拍摄的。 The film on location in Southern India.38.respectapproach【真题原文】It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach th
36、e gardening process.(2016 全国卷阅读七选五)【词义解释】 respect 既可作为名词，也可用作动词，常见的意思为 “尊重，尊敬”，在本句中为 with respect to 固定搭配，意为“concerning 关于；就而言”；approach 常见的意思为“接近，靠近” ，在本句中 approach 意为“to begin to deal with a situation or problem in a particular way or with a particular attitude(以某种方式或态度)对付，处理” 。【参考翻译】它始于窥探自己的内心，弄明
37、白就自然世界而言你是谁，并且你要知道如何处理园艺工作流程。【小试牛刀】 这将会引起很多有关环境污染方面的问题。Its going to raise a lot of problems atmosphere pollution. 处理这个问题也许可以用一种不同的方式。It might be possible to the problem in a different way.39.matter【真题原文】Its our experience of the garden that mattershow being in those gardens made us feel. (2016 全国卷阅读
38、七选五)【词义解释】 matter 常见作为名词，意为“问题，事情”，在本句中为 matter 为动词，意为“to be important or have an important effect on sb. / sth. 事关紧要；要紧；有重大影响”。【参考翻译】我们对于花园的体验才是最重要的在花园里会使我们产生怎样的感觉。【小试牛刀】你幸福就行了，这才是最重要的。As long as youre happy, thats all that . 40.figure【真题原文】Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figur
39、ed it all out. (2016 全国卷完形填空)Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation. (2016 全国卷阅读理解 B 篇)Your house may have an effect on your figure.(2015 全国卷阅读理解 B 篇)【词义解释】figure 常见作为名词，意为“数字；画像；图表 ”，在第一个例句中为 figure out 固定搭配，意为“to finally und
40、erstand something or someone, or find the solution to a problem after a lot of thought 弄懂；弄明白；想出”；在第二和第三个例句中，figure 意为“the shape of a body 体形，身材”。【参考翻译】坐回到车里，在直奔去机场的路上，我终于想明白了。韦尔蒂坐在沙发上，身材纤瘦，穿着朴素的灰白色衣服，很高兴地解释着。你的房子或许会对你的体形产生影响。【小试牛刀】我弄不明白他为什么要那么做。10I cant why he did it.如果不多加注意，你就会失去女孩般的苗条身段。Youll los
41、e your girlish if you dont watch out.41.season【真题原文】The season runs June through August, with additional performances in March and September.(2016 全国卷阅读理解 A 篇)First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices(调味). (2016 全国卷阅读理解七选五)【词义解释】season 常见作为名词，意为“季节”，在第一个例句中 season 为名词，意为“ a period whe
42、n a set of programmes, plays or musical events are broadcast or performed （一组节目、戏剧或音乐活动的）播出期，上演期；演出季”；在第二个例句中 season 为动词，意为“If you season food with salt, pepper, or spices, you add them to it in order to improve its flavour.给调味;加味于” 。【参考翻译】上演期从六月到八月，在三月和九月有额外表演。首先，将鱼清理干净，并用相应的调料将其调味。【小试牛刀】下周 ,这部剧将在伦
43、敦开始第二轮演出。The play opens for a second in London next week. 我认为在把食物端上餐桌前应该先调味。I believe in food before putting it on the table.42.review【真题原文】Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication e-mails, Web posts andreviews, face-to-face conversations found that it tended to be more positive than negati
44、ve(消极的), but that didnt necessarily mean people preferred positive news. (2016 全国卷阅读理解 D 篇)【词义解释】review 常见作为动词，意为“回顾，反思” ，在本句中 review 为名词，意为“a report in a newspaper, magazine, or programme that gives an opinion about a new book, film, etc评论”。【参考翻译】研究者们分析了口碑传播方式电子邮件、帖子、评论及面对面的交谈发现它更倾向于积极而不是消极，但这并不一定意
45、味着人们更喜欢积极的消息。【小试牛刀】德里克为报纸写影剧书评。Derek writes for the newspapers.43.serve【真题原文】Then, its ready to serve. (2016 全国卷阅读理解七选五)【词义解释】serve 常见作为动词，意为 “招待（顾客等）,服务”，在本句中 serve 意为“offer (food, drinks, a meal, ect.) for eating and drinking 提供、端上( 饭菜，食物） ”。【参考翻译】然后，现在准备上菜了。【小试牛刀】我们开饭吧。谁来上菜呢？Lets start the meal.
46、Who is going to ?44. last【真题原文】 Im sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept assistance from. (2016 全国 III卷完形填空) Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at 30 minutes. (2015 全国卷阅11读理解 B 篇)【词义解释】last 为形容词，常见的意思是“最后的”。在第一个句子中 last 的意思是“You can use last to indicat
47、e that something is extremely undesirable or unlikely.最不想要的；最不可能的”；在第二个句子中 last 为动词，意为“to continue for a particular length of time 持续”。【参考翻译】我确定我是这个世界上他最不想接受帮助的人。开始记录（用餐）时间吧，尽量让正餐的时间持续至少三十分钟。【小试牛刀】他是 最不可能 干这种事情的人。He would be the person who would do such a thing.炎热的天气在六月份持续了整整一个月。The hot weather for
48、the whole month of June.45.talk【真题原文】Our monthly talks start at 19:30 on the first Thursday of each month except August.(2015 全国卷阅读理解 A 篇)【词义解释】 talk 常见作为动词，意为“谈话，交谈”，在本句中为 talk 为名词，意为“a speech given to a group of people to teach or tell them about a particular subject 演讲；讲座”。【参考翻译】我们每月一次的讲座在每月的第一个星期四的晚上七点半举办，八月除外。【小试牛刀】他就他的美国之行举办了一个讲座。He about/on his visit to America.46.well【真题原文】Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering. Malcolm
