1、Inventors and inventions,Unit 3,Section Warming up; Prereading, Reading & Comprehending,Unit 3,词汇过关 1音意记忆 (1)_(n)专利证书；专利权 (2)_(n)产品 (3)_(vi& vt)显示的差别；使有所不同；辨别 (4)_(n)粉末；火药 (5)_(vt)抓住；捉住；夺 (6)_(n)文件；档案；文件夹 (vt)提交；将归档 (7)_(adj)熟的；成熟的,patent product distinguishpowder seize fileripe,2形意记忆 (1)mercy (n)仁慈
2、；宽恕 _(adj)宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的 _(adv)仁慈地；宽厚地 (2)cube(n)立方体；立方 _(adj)立方的 (3)abrupt(adj)突然的；意外的 _(adv)突然地；唐突地,merciful mercifullycubicabruptly,(4)convenient(adj)便利的；方便的；就近的 _(n)便利；方便 _(adv)方便地 (5)cautious(adj)谨慎的；小心的 _(n)小心；谨慎 (6)expect(v)期望；预期 _(n)预料；期待；期望 (7)merry(adj)愉快的；高兴的 _(adv)高兴地；愉快地,convenience conven
3、ientlycautionexpectationmerrily,短语自查 1给打电话 _ 2偶尔；有时 _ 3开始；着手 _ 4把和区别开 _ 5apply for a patent _ 6in the countryside _ 7get rid of _ 8decide on _,call up now and then set about distinguish.from. 申请专利 在农村/乡下 除掉；摆脱 决定,经典句式 1Only after you have had that recognition _ _ _ that you are truly an inventor 只有得
4、到那种认可，你才可以说自己是一个真正的发明家。 2_ _ _ _ _ _ until a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everyone elses 你的产品要经过仔细审查，证明它确实是与众不同的，你才能获得专利。 答案：1can you say 2Nor will you receive a patent,语篇理解 Choose the best answers according to the text THE PROBLEM OF THE SNAKES 1Whats
5、the problem that the writer came across？ ASnakes came near her house now and then BSnakes seemed to have made their home near her house CHow to catch the snakes without harming them DHer mother felt upset,2Why did the writer not use powders to solve the problem？ ABecause it was an old thought patter
6、n to use powders BBecause that would harm or even kill the snakes CBecause that would damage something else near the house DBecause she wanted to invent something new,3The following are the three possible approaches that the writer thought of to catch the snakes EXCEPT _ Aremoving their habitat Batt
7、racting them into a trap using male or female perfume or food Cusing the natural enemies of snakes Dcooling the snakes,4Why did cooling the snakes make them less active？ ABecause they are small reptiles BBecause they are coldblooded and become sleepy when it is cold CBecause their body temperature c
8、hanges with the heat around them DBoth B and C 答案：14CBCD,1discovery n发现 The country became rich after the discovery of oil 在发现石油之后，这个国家变得很富有。,知识拓展 make an important discovery有重大发现 discover v发现 discover sbdoing sth发现某人正在做某事 discoverer n发现者,The researchers have made a number of important discoveries 研
9、究人员已做出许多重大发现。 John was frightened when he was discovered smoking in his dormitory 当约翰被发现在宿舍里抽烟的时候，他非常害怕。,比较网站 discover和inventHe discovered a hole in the wall 他在墙上发现了一个洞。 Edison invented many useful inventions 爱迪生发明了许多有用的发明。,活学活用 (1)完成句子 Im sure if you are careful，youll _ _ _ _ (有重大发现) _ _ _ _ _ _ _
10、(在发现他那迷路的孩子时)，he jumped with joy 答案：make an important discovery On the discovery of his lost child,(2)用discover和invent的正确形式完成下列句子 Columbus _ America，and he will always be remembered as the _ for his _ The first telephone was _ by Alexander Graham in 1876As the _ of it，he was famous for his _ 答案：disc
11、overed；discoverer；discovery invented；inventor；invention,2distinguish vi& vt显示的差别；使有所不同；辨别 The man distinguished himself by his wisdom 这个人因智慧而扬名。 Can you distinguish between those two objects？ 你能区分那两个物体吗？ Speeches distinguish man from animals 语言使人类区别于动物。,知识拓展 (1)distinguish between.and.区分/辨别和 disting
12、uish.from.使有别于；使具有区别于的特征 be distinguished for.因而出名 distinguish oneself (as.)(作为)表现突出 (2)distinguished adj卓越的；著名的；杰出的 distinguishable adj易分辨的；能区分的 (3)distinguish常用于否定句，且常与can或could连用；tell也可表示“辨认，辨别”，常与can或could连用，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。,活学活用 (1)完成句子 你应学会明辨是非。 You should learn to _ right _ wrong 这对孪生儿长得很像，没有人能分
13、辨得出哪个是哪个。 The twins are so alike that no one _ one _ the other 答案：(1)distinguish between；and can distinguish；from,(2)用适当介词填空 Hangzhou is distinguished_its beautiful scenery 答案：for 句意：杭州因其美景而著称。for表示原因。,3merciful adj宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的 They asked her to be merciful to the prisoners 他们要求她对犯人慈悲为怀。 知识拓展 (1)merc
14、ifully adv仁慈地；宽厚地；幸运地 (2)mercy n仁慈；宽恕；怜悯 ask/beg/plead for mercy 请求/乞求/祈求宽恕 show no mercy to 对丝毫不讲仁慈/毫不怜悯 have mercy on 怜悯 at the mercy of 任凭的摆布 without mercy 无情地,He is a kind boss，who treats the workers mercifully 他是一位好心的老板，对待工人很仁慈。 We showed no mercy to the traitor 我们毫不怜悯那个叛徒。 They were lost at th
15、e sea，at the mercy of the wind and weather 他们在海上迷了路，任凭风和天气的摆布。,活学活用 选词填空mercy/merciful/mercifully (1)The _ king saved the young officers from death (2)Mr Smith has _ on the poor boy and always helps him (3)Deaths from the disease are _ rare 答案：(1)merciful (2)mercy (3)mercifully,4product n产品；产物；产量 Th
16、ey came here in search of new markets for their products 他们来此为他们的产品寻找新市场。 知识拓展 produce vt生产；制造 n(集合用法)农产品 producer n生产者 production n生产；产量；总产量 productive adj多产的；富有成效的 The factory produces 1,000 cars a week 这家工厂每星期生产一千辆轿车。 fresh produce新鲜的农产品,比较网站 product，production和produce,活学活用 用produce的恰当形式填空 (1)他们可
17、以帮你比较两个不同的产品。 They can help you to compare two different _ (2)这些树生产橡胶。 These trees _ rubber (3)他是好几个电视节目的制作人。 He is the _ of several TV shows,(4)如果我们不能卖出更多的货物，就必须降低产量。 If we cant sell more goods，well have to cut back on the _ (5)这本论述教育的书是他的最新作品。 This book on educations is his latest _ (6)这个会议成效不太大。
18、It wasnt a very _ meeting 答案：(1)products (2)produce (3)producer (4)production (5)production (6)productive,5convenient adj便利的；方便的；就近的 It is not convenient for me to ring him up 我现在不便于给他打电话。 Please come at six if its convenient for you 你方便的话，请在六点钟来。 The digital camera is simple and convenient to use 这
19、台数码相机使用起来简单方便。,知识拓展 (1)be convenient for对是方便的 It is convenient for sbto do sth某人方便做某事 (2)convenienceU方便；便利 C便利的设施 for convenience为了方便起见 at ones convenience在方便的时候,(3)conveniently adv方便地 It is convenient for me to get to the railway station 我到火车站很便利。 注意：convenient通常不以人作主语，常用结构为“sthbe convenient for sb
20、”及“Its convenient (for sb) to do sth”。,活学活用 (1)完成句子 _ _ _ _ _ _ (如果你方便的话)，Ill go to see you at 6 pm Come to my office_ _ _(你方便时) 答案：If it is convenient to you at your convenience,(2)选词填空(convenient/convenience) (山东高考)Would it be _ for you to pick me up at four oclock and take me to the airport？ 答案：c
21、onvenient 句意：你是否方便在4点钟来接我，然后送我去机场？convenient“便利的；方便的”，常用结构为it is/was convenient for sbto do sth“某人方便做某事”，符合题意。convenience n“方便；便利”。,6expectation nC，U预料；期待；期望 Its our expectation that you will do well 我们期待你干得出色。 She looked at me with expectation 她满怀期待地看着我。,知识拓展 (1)against all expectation(s) 出乎预料 cont
22、rary to expectation(s) 出乎预料 come/live up to ones expectations 不负所望 beyond expectation 料想不到 in expectation of 期待，指望，预料,(2)expect vt期望；盼望 后可跟名词或代词、不定式、复合宾语、从句等 常用搭配：expect sth/(sb) to do sth/that.期望；盼望 Against all expectations，Mike finished high school with top grades 出乎所有人的预料，迈克中学毕业时成绩优异。 He succeede
23、d beyond our expectations 我们没有料想到，他成功了。 I expect him to come 我盼望他来。,活学活用 (1)完成句子 Like some of my classmates，I cannot_ _ _ _ _ _(达到我老师的预期) I came across my university professor in the supermarket near my house，which was_ _ _(出乎我的预料) 答案：live up to my teachers expectations beyond my expectations,(2)用恰当
24、形式填空 How many students，do you think，will be present at the meeting？ I expect there_ (be)20 students at the meeting 答案：to be 考查expect to do sth的用法。句意：“你认为将有多少学生出席会议？”“我预料将会有20个学生。”因为expect后要求用不定式作宾语，不能用现在分词，又因为there be表示“有”，可以用于不定式结构形式there to be，故答案为to be。,7seize vt抓住；捉住；夺；攻占 I decided to seize the
25、opportunity to make success 我决定抓住这个机会来获得成功。 I cant quite seize your meaning 我不太理解你的意思。 The enemy seized the town after a violent attack 敌人猛攻后占领了这个城镇。,知识拓展 be seized with an illness 害病 seize sbby the arm 抓住某人的胳膊 seize the chance/opportunity 抓住机会 seize.by surprise 突袭 seize on/upon 抓住，利用(借口等) He seized
26、 Mary by the arm when she wanted to leave 当玛丽想离开时他一把抓住了她的胳膊。 Tom seized on the excuse to get out of the practice 汤姆利用这个借口逃避了练习。,比较网站 seize/snatch/catch/grasp/grab,Suddenly his father seized him by the wrist and rushed out 突然他父亲抓住他的手腕冲出去了。 The thieves will snatch your last bob if you give them half a
27、 chance 一有机会，小偷便会抢走你的最后一个铜板。,Yesterday he caught a bird 昨天他抓住一只鸟。 He grasped the idea and did his work smoothly 他抓住了要领，做起工作来很顺手。 He grabbed the money and left 他抓了钱就走了。,活学活用 完成句子 (1)His father asked him_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _(抓住每次机会多赚一些钱) (2)The little boy_ _ _ _ _(抓住我的胳膊)and asked me for help 答案：(1)to seize
28、 every chance/opportunity to make/earn more money (2)seized me by the arm,1call up给打电话；使回忆起；召集，召集入伍 Ill call you up this evening if possible 可能的话今晚我给你打电话。,名师点津 call up当表示“打电话”时，call upring upringcall She can still call up scenes of childhood 她仍能想起儿时的情景。 I was called up three months after the war bro
29、ke out 战争爆发3个月后，我被征召入伍。,知识拓展 call back回电话 call for需要；要求；接(人或物) call in召来，叫来 call on sb激起；要求 call on sbto do sth号召某人做某事 call off取消 I will call for you at 8 oclock at the school gate 我8点钟在学校门口来接你。,活学活用 用call的相关短语填空 (1)I_ _ _(给他打电话) many times today，but I couldnt get through (2)Human Rights Groups are_
30、 _(要求)the social and economic reform (3)Last weekend he _ _ (拜访) the village where he was brought up (4)They have _ _(取消) their engagement (婚约) 答案：(1)called him up (2)calling for (3)called at (4)called off,2set about (doing sth) 开始(做)；着手(干某事) A team of volunteers set about the work with determinatio
31、n 一组志愿者决心着手做这项工作。 She set about answering letters as soon as she arrived at the office 她一到办公室就开始写回信。,知识拓展 set out 出发；启程 set out to do sth开始做某事 set off 出发；动身；开始(旅行、赛跑等) set aside 留出；拨出；对不予考虑；(为某目的)节省或保留(钱或时间),set down 停下；让下车；记下；写下 set up 设置；创立；开办 set out forset off forleave for 出发到某地去 set back 阻碍某事物发
32、展；把(钟表指针)往回拨 set sthoff 使(炸弹、地雷等)爆炸 set sthup 摆放或竖起某物；创(体育)记录,注意：set about中about为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。 The bomb could be set off by the slightest touch 最轻微的碰撞都可能引爆这颗炸弹。 Lets set aside my personal feelings for now 目前咱们就不要顾及我的个人感情了。 He set out to break the record for the channel swim 他决心打破游过海峡的记录。,活学活用 (1)用
33、适当的介副词填空 We try to set _ a bit of money every week The company has set _ a new branch in London Gathering up the thread of his story，he set _ writing He has achieved what he set _ to do three years ago 答案：aside up about out,(2)用恰当的set短语填空 (真题改编安徽)Traditionally，college students hold a graduation cere
34、mony to encourage themselves before they _ on their life journey 答案：set off 本题考查动词短语辨析。句意：传统上，大学生在开始他们的人生旅程前举办一个毕业典礼来激励他们自己。set off“出发，开始”，符合句意。,3in case以防万一；假使 In case you need something，please dont hesitate to let me know 如果你需要什么东西，请不要犹豫地对我说。 It may rain； youd better take an umbrella (just) in cas
35、e (it does) 可能下雨，你最好带把伞，以防万一。 Ill cook plenty of potatoes just in case they decide to stay for dinner 我打算多煮些马铃薯，以防他们决定留下来吃饭。,知识拓展 in case of 假如；如果发生(后接名词或代词) in this case 如果这样的话 in that case 如果那样的话 in any case 无论如何 in no case 决不(位于句首，句子应使用倒装语序),注意：in case表示“万一”，可单独使用，也可引导从句(有时用虚拟语气)。 in case后跟表示将来的从
36、句，用一般现在时表将来，但可用should，might等情态动词。 There are spare batteries there，in case you need them 那里面有备用电池，万一你需要时能用上。 in no case “决不”，置于句首时，句子采用部分倒装语序。 In no case will I turn against my motherland 我决不会背叛我的祖国。,活学活用 用恰当连词填空 (1)(真题改编四川)Ill be out for some time_(万一)anything important happens，call me up immediatel
37、y 答案：In case 本题考查连词。句意：我要出去一段时间。万一任何重要的事情发生，立刻给我打电话。in case万一，引导条件状语从句。由语境可知，此处表示“万一”，要用in case引导条件状语从句。 (2)Please remind me of the meeting again tomorrow _ I forget 答案：in case,1The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me，but there only seemed to be powders designe
38、d to kill snakes 我所做的第一件事就是看有没有什么产品可能帮助我，但是，看来只有一种毒死蛇的药粉。,(1)本句为but连接的两个并列分句，其结构如下：,(2)there seem to be是there be句型的变体，表示“似乎有”。与there可以连用的谓语动词还有：be going to，appear to，used to，be likely to，happen to等。 There seem to be fewer tourists around this year 今年来访的旅游者似乎少了。 There are going to be two English part
39、ies next week 下周有两场英语晚会。 There used to be a bridge across the river 过去河上有座桥。 There happened to be some money in my pocket 我的口袋里碰巧有一些钱。,知识拓展 there be句型中的be有时还可以换成其他表示“有，存在”的词，如live，stand，lie，remain等。 There stands a manmade hill near the lake 在湖边有一座假山。 There remained in the village only women and chil
40、dren 村子里只剩下妇女和儿童。,活学活用 补全句子 (1)_ _ _ _ an apple tree in front of the house 过去房子前面有棵苹果树。 (2)_ _ _ _ a policeman on the corner，so I asked him the way 恰好拐角处有一位警察，我就向他问路了。,(3)_ _ _ _ _ in the small house 在这个小房子里住着一位老人。 答案：(1)There used to be (2)There happened to be (3)There lived an old man,2Prepared wi
41、th some research findings，I decided on three possible approaches 经过一番研究以后，我决定采用三种可能的方法。 prepared with some research findings为过去分词短语作状语，相当于谓语动词为被动的状语从句，该动作和主句的主语之间存在着逻辑动宾关系。过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，过去分词与主语之间是动宾关系，即被动关系。,Although built thirty years ago，the house looks very beautiful 尽管这座房子是30年前被建造的，它看起来
42、依然很漂亮。 Given more time，he can do it better 如果给予他更多的时间，他能把它做得更好。,知识拓展 过去分词短语作时间状语，可转换为when，while或after等引导的状语从句。 作条件状语，可转换为if，once或unless等引导的状语从句。 作原因状语，可转换为as，since或because等引导的状语从句。 作让步状语，可转换为although，though或even if等引导的状语从句。 作方式状语，如有连词as if，就转换为as if引导的方式状语从句；若无连词，则转换为并列结构。 作伴随状语，一般转换为并列结构。,Seen from
43、 the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful When it is seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful 从山顶上看，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。 Encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder As he is encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder 由于受到所取得成绩的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。 He began to cry as
44、 if bitten by a snake He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake 他大叫起来，好像被蛇咬了。,活学活用 用恰当形式填空 (1)_ (open)in 1955，Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the original fun park 答案：Opened 考查非谓语动词。句意：很多人认为1955年开业的加利福尼亚迪斯尼乐园非常有趣。open“开业”，与Disneyland之间存在着被动关系，故填opened。,(2)_(see)from the top of t
45、he tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees 答案：Seen 考查非谓语动词。句意：从塔顶上看过去，这座山南面的山脚下是一片林海。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。和逻辑主语之间是主动关系，非谓语动词要用现在分词形式；和逻辑主语之间是被动关系，非谓语动词要用过去分词形式。句子的主语是the south foot of the mountain，和see之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。,3Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly，which freezes when cooled 在碗的内壁和外壁都抹上果冻，这些果冻冷却后会冻结。 when cooled的构成为：连词过去分词，相当于when引导的状语从句：when it is cooled。这属于状语从句的省略现象，省略了从句的主语it和系动词is。 注意：如果连词引导的状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it，且包含be动词，则可以省略从句的主语或it和be动词，形成“连词分词/形容词”结构，原从句为主动结构时，分词为现在分词；原从句为被动结构时，分词为过去分词。,
