1、Module 3 Music,Grammar 1,Adverbial clause of time,状语从句,状语从句在句中起状语作用，修饰主句的谓语动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。 状语从句按用途可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句和方式状语从句。,when, while与as引导的时间状语从句,1. when可指一段时间，也可指某个具体时间，所以when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间动词。它所引导从句的动作可以与主句的动作同时发生、先于或者后于发生。如：,When she finished h
2、er homework, she went to the supermarket with her friend. When he got to the station, the train had already left. When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.,注意：主句为将来时的时间状语从句，常用when来引导，时间状语从句用现在时表示将来时。如： When the president comes here for a visit next month, Ill give the welc
3、ome speech.,2. while只能表示持续性的动作或状态，不能表示暂时性或短暂性的动作。所以while往往与延续性动词连用，不与瞬间动词连用，且谓语动作通常与主句的谓语动作同时发生。如： While Im running, Im thinking about all sorts of things about my future. While my mom was cooking in the kitchen, I was watching the latest movie in my room.,3. as表示“随着；一边，一边”。当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句动作的时间概念淡化，
4、而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用 as。 as所表示的动作具有延续的含义，一般同延续性动词连用，通常是和主句的谓语动作同时发生，不可以在主句的谓语动词的之前或者之后。如： As he grew older, he began to go deaf.,4. when, while与as可通用的情况 when, while与as都表示主、从句的动作或状态同时发生，当从句中的谓语动词为持续性动词时，这三者可以互相通用。如： When / While / As the teacher was discussing the topic with us, the headmaster came
5、 in.,after, before与by引导的时间状语从句,after所引导的从句通常发生在主句的动作之前，如果主句用过去时，那么从句的句子动作就要用过去完成时，以便体现动作发生的先后。before引导的从句的动作通常发生在主句动作之后，如果从句是过去时，主句一般要用过去完成时。如：,After we had finished the work, we went home. Thousands of teenagers had already got there before the superstar arrived.,2. “by +时间名词”意思是“到时为止，在时之前”。例如， by
6、the time引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词如果用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时； by the time引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词如果用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。例如：,By the time you came back, I had finished this book. By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work.,1. _ it was performed in America, there was an audience of 100,000 people. 2. _ h
7、e was very young, Mozart had a lot of musical talent. 3. _ he was still a teenager, he was a big star. 4. _ he grew older, he began to go deaf.,When,When,While,As,Recall the sentences from Reading and Vocabulary and then fill in the blanks.,Match the two parts of each sentence.,When Mozart was very
8、young, By the time he was a teenager, While he was in Vienna, As Beethoven grew older,he found it more difficult to compose good music. he learnt to play the harpsichord. he performed for the Empress. he was performing concerts all over Europe.,Grammar 2,The past perfect tense,过去完成时,1. 过去完成时表示过去某一时间
9、或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。它表示动作发生的时间为“过去的过去”。例如：,After they had become stars in their own country, the Beatles toured the United States. By the end of last month, we had learned twelve English songs.,2. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间之前已经开始并一直持续到那时的动作或状态。如： We hadnt seen each other since I left my hometown.,注意： 1. 过去完成时由“助动词h
10、ad + 过去分词”构成。过去完成时常与by, for, before, since等介词短语或由after, before, since, when, by the time等引导的时间状语从句连用。如： By the end of last year, we had learned seven hundred English words. They hadnt finished their work when I arrived at the office.,2. 过去完成时表示动作发生在“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只表示动作发生在过去。例如： By the late 1960s, the
11、ir music had changed completely. （表示在20世纪60年代后期 过去时间 之前，他们的音乐就已经改变了） In the late 1960s their music changed completely. （表示在20世纪60年代后期时，他们的音乐改变了）,Complete these sentences.,1. 他说他以前见过你。,He said that he _ (see) you before.,had seen,2. 到了六点钟为止，他们已经工作了八小时了。,By six oclock they _ (work) for eight hours.,ha
12、d worked,3. 我到广州时，他在那里很长时间了。,When I went to Guangzhou , he _ (be) there for a long time.,had been,4. 到上个月中旬我们在北京住了有五年时间了。,By the middle of last month, we _ (live) in Beijing for five years.,had lived,5. 她到家时，她的孩子已经睡着了。,When she got home, her children _ (sleep).,had slept,6. 在他们到达之前电影已经开始了。,Before th
13、ey arrived, the film _ already _ (start).,had,started,Complete these sentences with the verbs in brackets.,Before Ringo _ (join) the Beatles, he _ (play) drums in another band. Before they _ (tour) America, the Beatles _ (become) stars in their own country.,joined,had played,toured,had become,3. Bef
14、ore they _ (record) Let It Be, the Beatles _ (record) eleven other albums. 4. After they _ (record) Let It Be, the band _ (split up). 5. After the group _ (split up), all the Beatles _ (perform) as solo artists.,recorded,had recorded,recorded,split up,split up,performed,6. Unfortunately, he _ at the
15、 show when I _. (arrive) (leave) 7. By the time we _ at the stadium, the band _ playing. (arrive) (begin),had left,arrived,arrived,had begun,8. Fortunately, the power cut _ after the fans _ the stadium. (happen) (leave) 9. Before he _ his latest album, he _ some songs with Paul McCartney. (make) (re
16、cord),happened,left,had made,recorded,(2012江西卷31.) You can borrow my car _ you promise not too fast. A. unless B. even C. in case D. as long as【解析】把语句意思能正确衔接就是解题的关键，A项表示“除非，如果不”，B项表示“即使”，C项表示“万一，以防”，D项表示“如果，只要”，显然D项符合语意：你可以借用我的车子只要你承诺不要开车太快。,D,(2012湖南28). _ I always felt I would pass the exam, I nev
17、er thought I would get an A. While B. Once C. If D. Until【解析】句意：尽管我老觉得我会通过考试，然而，我从来不曾想过会得“A等”。根据上下文可以看出，题干需要一个引导让步状语从句的连词。while在这里等于though。,A,(2012江苏30). Ones life has value _ one brings value to the life of others. so that B. no matter how C. as long as D. except that【解析】as long as意为“只要”；so that意为“
18、以便；因此”；no matter how意为“不管怎样”；except that意为“除了”。句意为：只要一个人给别人的生活带来价值，那么他的生命就有价值。，根据题意，应选C项。,C,(2012全国I25). I dont believe weve met before, I must say you do look familiar. therefore B. although since D. unless【解析】分析题干可知，空格处表示的是一种让步关系，在四个选项中，B选项与题意相符。因此，正确答案为B选项。,B,(2012山东27). He smiled politely _Mary
19、apologized for her drunken friends. as B. if C. unless D. though【解析】as引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”；if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”；unless引导条件状语从句，意为“除非否则的话”；though引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。本句意为“当Mary为她喝醉酒的朋友道歉时，他礼貌地微笑了一下。”,A,(2012北京21). Look at those clouds! Dont worry. _ it rains, well still have a great time. A. Even if B. As th
20、ough C. In case D. If only 【解析】根据语境，空白处表示的是让步关系，“_ it rains, well still have a great time.”为让步状语从句。依据语境可知，A选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为A选项。,A,(2011重庆卷) To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off _ we are to shake hands with. whichever B. whenever C. whoever D. wherever【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意为“我们不论是跟谁握手的
21、时候，我们常常将手套取下，以示尊敬。”shake hands with sb.表示“与某人握手”，本句中的with后缺少宾语，结合句意选C项，whoever在句中引导让步状语从句。,C,(2012福建30). It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties _ gets more financial support from the European Union. if B. unless C. because D. since 【解析】根据句意可知“除非有来自欧洲联盟的更多的经济支持，否则希腊政
22、府很难克服目前的困难”，只能选择unless“除非”才能使句意完整。考查状语从句的连词题事实上非常简单，只要找到句中的关键词，然后从句意上去排除就行了，本题关键词是hard和more financial support。,B,(2012四川4.) At school, some students are active _ some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another. while B. although C. so D. as 【解析】根据句意：在学校，一些学生很活跃然而一些学生很害羞，然而他们都能够彼此成为好朋友。wh
23、ile引导状语从句，表示对比，然而。although尽管，引导让步状语从句；so因此，引导结果状语从句；as尽管，引导让步状语从句，从句经常倒装，由此可知答案A符合语境。,A,(2008江西卷) Animals suffered at the hands of Man _ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural land to provide food for more people.A. in which B. for which C. so that D. in that 【解析】考查原因状语从句。A和B选项主要
24、用于引导定语从句；C选项引导目的和结果状语从句；D选项是“因为”之意，引导原因状语从句。分析句子结构，本题不是定语从句。,D,(2012天津14.) Everything was placed exactly _ he wanted it for the graduation ceremony. A. while B. when C. where D. though【解析】分析句子结构可知，“Everything was placed exactly he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.”为地点状语从句。由此结合选项，只有C选项可以引导地点状语从句。因此，正确答案为C选项。,C,
