1、Module 5 Newspapers and Magazines,Grammar 1,Adverbial Clause of Time,状语从句,在复合句中起状语作用的句子叫做状语从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。,时间状语从句,由before和after引导的时间状语从句before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。after表
2、示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。,It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。 Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me. 爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。 After you think it over, please let me know what you decide. 你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你的决定。,2. 由till或until引导的时间状语从句 till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型
3、中多用until。 till不可用于句首。 要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。,I didnt go to bed until / till my father came back. 直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。 I worked until he came back. 我一直工作到他回来为止。 I didnt work until he came back. 他回来我才开始工作。,3. 由since引导的时间状语从句 since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一
4、般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is 时间since从句的句型中，从句多用过去时。,I have been in Beijing since you left. 自你离开后，我一直在北京。 It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。 It is five months since our boss was in Beijing. 我们老板离开北京有五个月了。,4. 由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the
5、moment, the instant, the minute等引导的时间状语从句，这些连词都表示“一就”。 The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot. 我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。 As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。,注意： hardly (scarcely, rarely)when / before, no soonerthan相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, ra
6、rely和no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。 He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder. No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.,5. 由by the time引导的时间状语从句要注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。如： By
7、 the time you came back, I had finished this book. By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work.,6. 由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。 Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. Whenever that man says “To tell the truth”, I suspect that hes about to tell a lie. Yo
8、u grow younger every time I see you.,1. We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started. A. when B. while C. until D. before,A,2. Dont be afraid of asking for help _ it is needed. A. unless B. since C. although D. when,D,3. He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got wo
9、rse. A. until B. when C. before D. as,C,4. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story. A. when B. unless C. after D. until,D,5. Was his father strict with him when he was at school? Yes. He had never praised him _ he became one of the top studen
10、ts in his grade. A. after B. unless C. until D. when,C,6. He was about to tell me the secret _ someone patted him on the shoulder. A. as B. until C. while D. when,D,Grammar 2,Adverbial Clause of Reason,原因状语从句,原因状语从句由because, since, as, for, now that 等引导。 Now that my head had cleared, my brain was al
11、so beginning to work much better. He opened the windows for it was hot. She had to stay at home because she was ill. Since he has come, you neednt go.,because, since, as, for之间的区别,1. 如果原因是构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because。 例如: I missed the train because I got up late.注意: 对于以why开头的问句,一般只能用because引导的从句来回答。,2. 如果原
12、因已为人们所知, 或不如句子的其余部分重要, 就用as或since，since比as稍微正式一些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如: As he was not well, I decided to go there without him. Since this method doesnt work, lets try another.,3. for表示所说的理由是一种补充说明, 因此, for引导的从句可以放在括号里, 而且for引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。如: I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was feeling q
13、uite hungry. The days were short, for it was now December. It rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.,Use because, since, as, or for to complete the sentences.,He didnt attend the meeting _ he had much work to do. _ he cant answer the question, youd better ask someone else.,because/fo
14、r,Since,3. _ I havent seen the film, I cant tell you what I think of it. 4. The ground is wet, _ it rained last night. 5. It rained last night, _ the ground is wet.,As,for,for,1. _ you are leaving tomorrow, we can eat dinner together tonight.A. For B. Since C. Before D. While,B,Choose the best answe
15、rs.,2. _ it is so hot, lets go swimming. A. For B. Now C. Since D. Despite,B,3. Let Jack take the place. Hes older and should be more experienced. I dont think so. A man doesnt necessarily grow wiser _ he grows older.A. because B. that C. than D. as,D,高考链接,Because of the heavy traffic, it was alread
16、y time for lunch break _ she got to her office.（2010四川）A. since B. that C. when D. until,C,John thinks it wont be long _ he is ready for his new job. （2010陕西）A. when B. after C. before D. since,C,(2012全国卷211.) I had hardly got to the office _ my wife phone me to go back home at once. A. when B. than C. until D. after【解析】hardly.when是“一就.”句意为“我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话要我立即回家”易混的结构为no sooner than。,A,
