1、北 京 四 中 高考综合复习：Book 1 Unit 13-15重点词汇、短语及句型1.give advice on 提意见/建议2.make suggestions 提建议3.make a list of 列出一张- 单子4.have a fever 发烧5.make up 编，创设6.all the time 一直7.be careful with 小心8.be all right 正常，康复9.in the future 将来10.lie down 躺下11.plenty of 大量的12.a bar of chocolate 一块巧克力pare with 与-比较14.learn ab
2、out 了解15.spend on 在-方面花费16.so that 以便17.the spirit of- 的精神mercial activities 商业活动19.have got to 必须20.instead of 替代21.get off 下车22.take off ones hat 摘下帽子23.look into ones eyes 直视- 的眼睛24.shake hands with 与某人握手25.the living and the dead 生者和死者26.the cycle of life 生命轮回27.play tricks on 捉弄某人28.fall asleep
3、 入睡29.a scary place 一个恐怖的地方30.create a short show 编一个短剧31.on ones way to school 在某人上学的路上32.dont look very well 看上去气色不好33.ten years of hard work 十年的辛劳34.continue to do 继续做35.after all 毕竟，终究36.call on 拜访 37.try on 试穿38.without luck 不幸运39.pay off 还清40.Im sorry, but I dont think I know you.41.Everybody
4、else will be wearing jewellery.42.We must do as much as we can to make our community better and more beautiful.43.I think that may be the problem.44.Whats wrong with Mike?45.I cough all the time. I have a fever and a headache.46.You ought to be careful with fruit.47.Take this medicine three times a
5、day. Youll be all right soon.知识点小结：1.pain, ache, hurt(1) pain 是可数名词，可以指身体某部位的疼痛，也可指心理上的痛苦。可以用复数形式，也可既不加冠词，也不用复数。作“辛苦，努力”讲时，用复数。To my great relief the pain is gone. 令我十分轻松的是，疼痛消失了。She was crying bitterly, just because of the pain in her stomach.胃疼难奈，她失声痛哭。The old man suffers greatly from a pain/pains
6、 in the back.背疼使得那个老人很受折磨。With great pains and much patience, I got the information at last.凭着巨大的努力和耐心，我最终得到了那条消息。Thank you very much for taking pains to show me how to do it.十分感谢您不辞辛劳地教我怎么做那件事。We are at pains to learn English well. 我们正在努力学好英语。We must share pains and pleasure in face of the enemy.大敌
7、当前，我们必须同甘共苦。* in pain 常坐表语 with pain 常作状语。Is your legs constantly in pain? 你的腿老疼吗？He cut his finger and was in great pain. 他切了手指，疼的很。The boy was crying with pain, after he broke his arm.摔伤了胳膊，那个孩子疼得哭了起来。He was almost mad with pain. 他疼得几乎要发狂。pain 还可用做动词， “使苦恼，痛苦”。It pains me to have to disobey you, b
8、ut I must.违抗你我也不好受，但我必须这么做。(2)ache 一般用作动词，主要指身体某部位的隐疼。用作名词时，出现在复合词中。His head aches badly sometimes. （He has a bad headache sometimes.）有时他头疼的厉害。His stomach begins to ache after drinking some alcohol.= He has a stomachache after drinking alcohol. 他一喝酒胃就疼。(3) hurt 只能用作动词，及物动词意思是“使受伤害”，可指身心受伤；不及物动词相当于ac
9、he。What will you do if someone falls off a bicycle and hurts himself badly?如果有人从自行车上摔下来，伤得很厉害，你会怎么办？What he said hurt me, so I said, “Dont judge a person by what he wears.”他的话使我受到了伤害，因此我告诉他：“别以貌取人”。Their misunderstanding criticisms have hurt me deeply.他们的误解令我非常伤心。My leg hurts and my arm hurts, too.
10、我腿疼，胳膊也疼。2.ought to 用作情态动词，没有人称、时态和数的变化，意思是“应该，应当” ，表示责任、义务、劝告、推测等，语气比 should 强，否定式为 ought not to 或 oughtnt to,疑问式为“ought+ 主语+to do”。(1) 表示义务或责任We ought to carry out the task. 我们必须执行这项任务。You ought to do your homework every day. 你每天都应该做作业。(2) 表示劝告或建议-Ought he to go? 他该去吗？-Yes, he ought (to ). 该去。Such
11、 things ought to be handled with great care. 处理这种事，要非常小心。(3) 表示推测It ought to be ten oclock now. 现在该是十点了吧。(4) ought to have done 表示该做但没做的事ought not to have done 表示做了不该做的事You ought to have handed in your report yesterday. 你本该昨天把报告交上来。I ought to have helped them, but I wasnt able to. 我本该帮助他们的，但我没能这样做。Y
12、ou oughtnt to have spoken to them in that way. 你不应该这样对他们讲话。(5) ought to 变反意疑问句时，附加问句的谓语通常用 ought/oughtnt, 有时可用should/shouldnt 替代。Such things ought not to be done, ought they?这些事情不该做，不是吗？We ought to go, oughtnt/shouldnt we? 我们应该去，不是吗？高考链接：*1.There _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since
13、 you have practiced a lot in the driving school. (2005 NMET 北京)A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt 答案 C分析 shouldnt/ought not to 可表示预测、可能，本句意思为“ 既然你已经在驾校练得不少了，通过路考应该是没问题的”。*2.-Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.-You _ her last week. (NMET 福建 2004)A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must
14、 tell D. should have told答案 D分析 表示本该做而没做用 should/ought to have done。3.keep up, keep up with(1)keep up 用作不及物动词，意思是“支撑，保持，维持”。Do you think the bad weather will keep up? 你认为坏天气将持续下去吗？Those houses are so strongly built that they would keep up even in strong earthquakes.那些房子建造得很牢固，能抵御强烈的地震。Prices still k
15、eep up these days. 这些天物价仍不下跌。John has to study harder to keep up. 为了使自己不掉队，约翰不得不比别人更用功。(2)keep up 用作及物动词，意思是“继续，坚持” 。Keep up your courage and stick to your work, you can succeed in time.鼓起勇气，坚持工作，迟早你会成功的。If you want to keep up the present living standards, you will have to earn more money.如果想保持现在的生活
16、水平，你就得挣更多的钱。This factory keeps up its good credit, so its products sell very well.这家工厂保持着良好的信誉，所以产品销售很好。People in China still keep up the traditional custom of enjoying mooncakes on the mid-autumn festival. 中国人仍保持着中秋节吃月饼的传统习俗。(3) keep up with 意思是“ 和 -并驾齐驱，和某人保持同等地位，保持接触等 ”。Walk slower please. Im afr
17、aid I wont keep up with you. 请走慢点！我怕赶不上你。Shes paid much attention to keeping up with the latest fashion in clothes.她在赶时装潮流方面倾注了大量的精力。Everyone should study now and then or they cant keep up with the latest development in science.每个人都要不断学习，否则就跟不上科技发展的步伐。Though he is busy, he tries to keep up with his
18、old friends far away.虽然很忙，但他仍然设法与远方的老朋友保持着联系。They dont think they must keep up with their neighbors on that aspect.他们认为在那方面不必和邻居们攀比。考题链接：You must double your efforts to _ others and cant expect to take short-cuts in the learning of English.A. keep up with B. keep up C. catch up with D. keep you up答案
19、 C 分析 表示“赶上某人” ，用 catch up with。4.contain, include(1) contain 包含，含有；控制，抑制（情感）What does the medicine contain? 药里含有什么成分？The hall can contain five hundred people. 大厅可容纳 500 人。I could hardly contain laughter. 我几乎控制不住自己大笑。(2) include vt. 包括，包含 -在内The price includes the tax. 价格包含税金。He included a watch on
20、the shopping list. 他在购物单上列上了一块手表。The team is made up of ten, including the captain/the captain included.包括队长在内，这个队由 10 人组成。(3)contain 后常常列出所包含的全部内容，include 后的宾语常为其中的一部分。My collection contains 1,000 stamps, including those used ones.包括那些使用过的邮票在内，我的邮集中有 1000 张。The list includes my name. 名单上有我的名字。The a
21、tlas contains forty maps, including three of Great Britain.这本地图册包括 40 幅地图，其中有三副英国地图。The box contains a lot of gifts. 这个盒子中装有很多礼物。考题链接：Most oceans _ 35 parts of salt per thousand parts of water.A. hold B. drink C. contain D. include答案 C分析 意思为 “大多数海洋每 1000 分海水里含有 35 分盐”，35 分盐是海水中包含的内容，因此用 contain。5.ex
22、amine, check, test(1)examine 可指对病人的检查、诊断，也可指对机器的检查。Now, let me examine your chest once more. 让我再检查一下你的胸部。During a four-month period, more than three million people were examined.在四个月时间内，300 百多万人受到了检查。The workers examine their machines and equipment carefully before they start to work every day. 每天上班
23、以前，工人们都要仔细检查机器设备。(2) examine 作“调查，检查，研讨”讲We have our suitcases examined at the airport. 我们的行李在机场都经过了检查。Did you examine it with your own eyes? 你亲自观察了吗？Wed better examine the details of the new theory. 我们最好查证一下这一新理论的详细情形。(3) examine 表示测验、考试，比 test 正式。The teacher examined the students knowledge in/on t
24、he previous lessons.老师测试了学生前几堂课的掌握情况。Our English teacher will examine our class in/on everything we have learned this year.我们英语老师要考一下我们一年以来学过的所有知识。They were first examined in their knowledge of history.他们首先被考查的是历史知识。(4) check 主要指对某物进行核对，以免出错。Will you check your homework yourself first? 你能自己先检查一下作业吗？
25、The department store checks stock every day. 百货商店每天盘点。(5)check 也可相当于 examine 使用，表示“ 对-进行检查”。She checked/examined the door locks carefully before she left.她离开之前先检查了门锁。They often help us check and repair our farm tools.他们经常帮助我们检修农具。(6)test 作为动词使用的频率并不高，意思是“检测，测试” 。多用作名词，表示检测某人的知识或技能，有时也可表示对某物的检查或实验。Yo
26、ud better have your eyes tested without delay. 你最好马上去检查眼睛。They are testing the newly-made sports car. 他们正在检测新出的赛车。Our teacher has a test every Friday. 我们老师每周五进行一次测验。We often have a test on the old lessons before the new ones.上新课之前，我们通常要测验旧课。Those who want to drive an automobile must pass a driving t
27、est.想驾驶汽车，必须先通过驾驶技能测试。Dont have meals before you take the blood test. 验血之前别吃饭。高考链接：-Julia said she sent you a birthday card yesterday. Have you got it?-Oh, really? I havent _ my mailbox yet. (2005NMET 天津)A. examined B. reviewed C. tested D. checked答案 D分析 check 在这儿的意思是 make sure, find out or not，查实，核
28、对。6.so that(1) so that 可引导目的状语从句，意思是“以便，为了”。相当于 in order that.He turned up the radio so that everyone could hear the news.他把收音机音量开大一点，以便大家都能听见新闻。Bob turned off the alarm so that he could sleep late in the morning.鲍勃关掉闹钟以便早上能睡懒觉。(2)so that 还可引导结果状语从句，主从句之间常用逗号隔开。The teacher raised his voice, so that
29、all the students heard him clearly.老师提高了声音，结果所有的学生都听得很清楚。so that 引导的目的状语从句中常有情态动词 can, could, may, might 等。The teacher raised his voice so that all the students could hear him clearly.老师提高声音以便所有学生能够听得清楚。so as to/in order to 表示目的，后接动词原形。He studied even harder to/in order to/so as to make up for the m
30、issing lesson.他学习更加努力以便补上落下的课。(3) so that 与 such that 之间的转换so + adj./adv. + thatso + adj. + a/an + 单数名词 + thatsuch + a/an + adj. + 单数名词 + thatsuch + adj. + 复数名词或不可数名词+ thatHe ran so fast that I couldnt catch up with him. 他跑得如此快以至于我赶不上他。This is so interesting that I have read it twice. 这本书如此有趣以至于我读了两
31、遍。It was such fine weather that they went out for a picnic.天气如此好以至于他们去野餐了。It is such an interesting book that everyone wants to read it. 这是如此有趣的一本书，每个人都想读它。高考链接：All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas.(NMET2005 辽宁)A. in order to have receivedB. in order to receiveC. so as
32、to be receivedD. so as to be receiving答案 C分析 本句中主语 gifts 和动词 receive 是被动关系。7.dress(1) vt. vi. （给-）穿衣服dress sb. 给别人穿衣服（动作）dress oneself 自己穿上衣服（动作）get dressed 穿上衣服（动作）be well/badly/smartly- dressed 穿着漂亮/褴褛/帅气（状态）dress up (in) 穿上- 盛装打扮，以 -装饰After the bath, he dressed (himself). 洗完澡后，他穿上衣服。She hurriedly
33、 dressed her son and drove him to the nearest hospital.她匆忙地给儿子穿上衣服，开车送她到最近的医院。The boy got dressed quickly and telephoned for help. 那男孩赶快穿上衣服打电话求援。He is smartly dressed when I saw him. 我在宴会上见到他时，他衣着帅气。(2) dress 表示穿衣服的动作，过去分词 dressed 作 be 的表语表状态，但 get dressed 表动作，相当于 dress (oneself)。She likes to be dr
34、essed in red. 她喜欢穿红色衣服。(3)dress, put on, wear, have ondress 表动作，跟人作宾语。put on 表动作，宾语是衣服、鞋帽袜、手套、眼镜等。wear 表状态，宾语范围很广，可以是衣服类名词，还可指佩带首饰、手表、徽章以及留发型、胡须等。have on 是静态，多用于口语。Put on more clothes or youll get cold. 多穿点衣服，否则你会冷的。Miss Li is wearing a yellow dress today. 李老师今天穿一件黄色的连衣裙。She always had a red coat on
35、. 她总是穿一件红色的外套。考题链接：We are supposed _ our daughters wedding.A. to dress in B. dressed up C. to dress up for D. be well dressed at答案 C 分析 be supposed to 意思是“理应，应该” 。dress up for 表示“为- 而盛装打扮”。高考链接：Could you please tell me where you bought the shoes you _ yesterday?(2005NMET 辽宁)A. tried on B. put on C.
36、had on D. pulled on 答案 C分析 try on 试穿；pull on 匆匆忙忙穿上；put on 强调动作；have on 强调状态。8.celebrate(1) v. 庆祝，赞扬，过节Many people in that city are getting to the square to celebrate the New Years day.为了庆祝新年，许多市民正在向广场集中。How do you celebrate your sons birthday normally?通常你们是怎样为儿子过生日的？I think you neednt spend too muc
37、h to celebrate a two-year-old childs birthday like that.我想为一个两岁的孩子过生日没必要如此破费。The heroes of combating the flood are worthy to be celebrated greatly.抗洪英雄们值得大加称颂。(2) celebration n. 庆祝The students and teachers will get together for the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of their school.全体师生将集合起来庆祝
38、50 周年校庆。All places across China held a celebration for their success of application for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games.为庆祝北京申办 2008 年奥运会成功，中国各地都举办了庆祝活动。We invited most of our friends and relatives for a party in celebration of my sons enrollment by Beijing University last weekend.上周末我们邀请大多数亲朋好友，参加了为
39、庆祝儿子被北京大学录取举行的宴会。(3)celebrated adj. 著名的That is a city celebrated as a hot spring resort. 那是一个以温泉胜地著称的城市。Wu Song is celebrated for his killing a tiger by himself. 武松以孤身打虎而闻名。Hangzhou is celebrated for its beautiful West Lake and its sceneries.杭州以其美丽的西湖及城市美景而著称。Mr. Er Yuehe is a celebrated novelist on
40、 Qing Dynasty.二月河先生是一位清史演义题材的著名小说家。9.allow(1) vt. 许可，允许allow + n./pron.allow doing sth.allow sb. to do sth.be allowed to do sth. Our teacher dont allow making noise./ Our teacher dont allow us to make noise.老师不允许我们弄出声音。No student is allowed to leave his homework undone. 哪一个学生也不允许不做作业。We dont allow s
41、moking in the theater. 剧院不许吸烟。We must allow him to be a member of the team. 我们必须让他成为队中的一员。Passengers are not allowed to spit. 乘客不得随地吐痰。How many holidays are you allowed? 你有几天假？(2)permit 比 allow 正式，含有“主动许可” 或“正式批准”之意。经常可通用。The guard permitted him to pass after he showed his card.看了通行证之后，卫兵才让他进。考题链接：M
42、y father doesnt allow _ computer games; he even doesnt allow me _ TV before I finish my homework.A. playing; to watch B. playing; watching C. to play; to watch D. to play; watching答案 A分析 allow doing sth. allow sb. to do sth.10.used to, be used to sth./doing, be used to do(1) used to do 表示过去经常性的行为，而现
43、在不再进行。I used to be a worker, working in a factory. 我过去是个工人，在一家工厂上班。We used to play in the wheat fields on winter evenings, when we were children.当我们还是小孩时，常常在冬天的晚上到麦田里去玩。There used to be a railway station in that area. 那一片原来是火车站。Did the river use to be clear and clean? 那条河过去是干净清澈的吗？(2) be used to (do
44、ing) sth. 习惯于Be patient, and you will be used to the life here. 耐心一点，你会习惯这里的生活。Step by step, we are used to the way of brushing our teeth both in the morning and evening.我们逐渐习惯于早晚刷牙了。Gradually, they are used to getting up early. 他们逐步习惯于早起了。After staying there for weeks, they, the foreigners, were us
45、ed to fetching water from a well.在那儿呆了几个星期，那些外国人习惯于从井里打水了。(3)be used to do/for doing 被用来做- That tool is used to dig holes. 那工具是挖洞用的。Plastics can be used to make all kinds of things. 塑料能用来制造各种各样的东西。考题链接：I remember the time _ a small village.A. which used to be B. when it would beC. when it used to be
46、 D. when at that time it was答案 C分析 when 引导的是定语从句，修饰 time, 意思为“我记得这里是一个小村子的时候”。11.take in(1) 欺骗，轻信One wise person should never be taken in by only a few of his sweet words.作为一个精明人，不应该被他仅有的几句甜言蜜语所欺骗。You will seldom be taken in if you know their behavior well in advance.假如对他们的行为了如指掌，你就不会上当受骗。From the f
47、acts you can see that children are easily taken in.从这些事实可以看出，儿童是很容易被说服的。The lady took in the boys words and gave him ten dollars to buy the return ticket.那位女士轻信了孩子的话，给了他十美元让他买回程车票。(2)接受，容纳When did this hotel schedule to take in guests? 这家旅馆什么时候开始接待客人？Do you take in travelers for only the night? 你们只接
48、待夜间住宿的客人吗？This harbor is able to take in large cargo-vessels of 10,000 tons capacity.这个港口也能容纳万吨级货轮作业了。(3)承揽（多指在家里或店里等活儿的行为）We may make big money if we can take in as many clothes to be washed as the equipment can deal with.如果能够接到足够机器洗涤的衣服，我们也能赚大钱。Its far from enough for only taking in processing work sometimes.有时候，仅仅等着接加工活是远远不够的。(4) 订购，订阅Which magazine do you want to take in this year?今年你想订阅什么杂志呢？Can we take in China D
