1、水利水电工程技术术语标准（一）由 WESTBANK 根据中华人民共和国水利部能源部联合发布的水利水电工程技术术语标准整理，鉴于篇幅空间限制，删除了定义部分和重复部分%误差曲线 error current multiplecurve T 形接 tee joint 射线探伤 gamma-ray detection 定理 theorem阿基米德原理 Archimendes principle安定性 stability安全操作规程 operation regulations安全超高 (出水净高 ) free board安全电压 safety voltage安全阀 sefety valve (relie
2、f valve)安全分析 safety analysis (SA)安全监视 security monitoring (SM)安全接地 (保持接地 ) safety earthing安全系数 safety factor安装测量 erection survey 安装高度 setup height安装工程 mechanical-electric equipment installation安装间 (装配间 ) erection bay安装允许偏差 erection tolerance鞍形支墩 saddle pier铵锑炸药 ammonium nitrate explosive铵油炸药 ammoniu
3、m nitrate fuel oil explosive (ANFO)岸边式厂房 river-side power house岸塔式进水口 bank-tower intake按频率减负载 Load shedding according to frequency按频率减负载 loadsheddingaccordingtofrequency按相起动 phase-after-phase start-up暗管 drain tile暗管排水系统 drainage system with underground pipe lines暗河(地下河 ) underground driver暗屏运行 obscu
4、rity board operating凹岸冲刷 scouring of concave bank巴歇尔量水槽 Parshall flume坝 Dam坝长 length of dam坝底 dam base坝顶 dam crest坝顶溢流 (表孔溢流 ) crest overflowing 0599-坝段 dam monolith坝高 dam hight坝后式厂房 power house at dam-toe坝后式水电站 hydroelectric station at dam-toe坝基滑移 dam foundation sliding坝肩 dam abutment坝内廊道系统 gallery
5、 system坝内埋管 dam-embedded penstock坝内式厂房 power house within dam坝坡 dam slope坝身孔口泄流 flow discharge through dam orifice坝身排水管 drainage conduit in dam坝式开发 dam type development坝式水电站 dam type hydroelectric station坝下埋管 (坝下涵管 ) pipe under embankment坝下游面管 (坝后背管 ) penstock on downstream face of dam坝址洪水 flood at
6、dam site坝趾 dam toe坝踵 dam heel坝轴线 dam axis白纸测图 blank paper mapping摆柱支座 rocker-mounted ring girder support斑状结构 porphyritic texture板的屈后强度 post buckling strength of plate板的屈曲 (板的失稳 ) buckling of plate板拱渡槽 plate arch aqueduct板块构造 plate tectonics板桩式挡土墙 sheet-pile retaining wall板状构造 platy structure半地下厂房 se
7、mi-underground power house半固定式喷灌系统 semi-permanent sprinkler system半露天厂房 semi-outdoor power house半镇静钢 semi-killed steel半自动焊 semi-automatic arc welding拌和 mixing 拌和楼 batching and mixing plant包气带 aeration zone饱和度(饱水度 ) degree of saturation饱和密度 (饱和容重 ) saturated density(saturated unit weight) 饱和膨胀应力 satu
8、rated swelling stress饱和输沙 (平衡输沙 ) saturated sediment transport饱和吸水率 saturated percent sorption保护层 (基础面保护层 ) protective layer 保护动作时间 operating time of protection保护间隙 protection gap保护装置 protective device保证电能 firm energy保证水位 insuring stage暴雨 Rainstorm暴雨等雨量线图 isohyet map of rainstorm 暴雨调查 rain storm inv
9、estigation暴雨径流关系曲线 storm-runoff relation curve暴雨历时 rainstorm duration暴雨模式 rainstorm model 暴雨强度 rainstorm intensity 暴雨强度历时曲线 duration curve of storm intensity 暴雨时、面、深关系 depth-area-duration relationship of storm(DAD)暴雨中心 rainstorm center爆力 weight strength (specific energy)爆破 blasting 爆破参数 blasting par
10、ameters爆破漏斗 explosion crater爆破作用指数 crater shape characteristics爆速 detonation velocity备用电源 reserve source (stand-by source)备用电源自动投入 automatic transfer to reserve supply (ATS)备用电源自动投入信号 signal of automatic transfer to back up power备用水源 stand-by water supply备用油泵 stand-by oil pump背斜 anticline 被动土压力 pass
11、ive earth pressure被动遥感（无源遥感） passive remote sensing被控制系统 controlled system本构关系 (本构方程 ,本构定律 ) constitutive relationship崩解性 disintegration(slaking)崩落孔 (崩落眼 ) stope hole崩蚀 land fall崩塌 rock fall泵车 sliding pump carriage 泵送混凝土 concrete pumping泵站 Pumping station泵站 (抽水站 ,扬水站 ,抽水机站 ) pumping station泵站参数 Para
12、meters of pumping station泵站建筑物 Pumping station structures比表面(比表面积 ) specific surface比尺 scale比贯入阻力 specific penetration resistance比例积分调速器 (PI 调速器 ) proportional-integral governor 比例积分微分调速器 (PID 调速器 ) proportional-integral-differential governor 比例极限 limit of proportionality比率制动差动保护 percentage restrain
13、t differential protection比特 bit 比压计 differential monometer比值图像（比值影像） ratio image毕托管 (皮托管 ) Pitot tube毕托管法 Pitot-tube method闭合导线（环形导线，回归导线） closed traverse闭路循环破碎 close-cycle crushing 闭门力 closing force闭气 leakage stopping避雷器 lightning arrester (surgear rester)避雷器的残压 residual voltage of lightning arrest
14、er边墩 (岸墩) abutment pier边际成本 marginal cost边角网（边角同测网） combined network of triangulation and trilateration边界层 boundary layer边界层厚度 thickness of boundary layer边坡临界高度 critical height of slope边滩 bar边缘增强（浮雕图象） edge enhancement编稿法 compilation method编绘原图 compilated original map 变换光束测图 affine plotting变换检测图像（差别
15、图像） change-detection image 变极式发电电动机 pole-change type generator-motor变角调节 variable vane angle governing变晶结构 crystal loblastic texture变率 degree of distortion 变速调节 variable speed governing变速机构 speed changer变态河流模型 (变态河工模型 ) distorted river model变线仪（摇摆镜头） variomat变形观测 deformation observation 变形观测 Deforma
16、tionobservation变形观测控制网（监测网） control network for deformation observation 变形观测设备 Instrument of deformation observation.变压器 Transformer变压器抽头切换控制 transformer tap change control变压器的额定电压比 rated voltage tap ratio of transformer变压器的非标准变比 off-normal transformer tap ratio变压器额定容量 rated power of transformer (tr
17、ansformer rating)变压器分接头 transformer tapping变压器负载损耗 load loss of transformer变压器过热保护 transformer over temperature protection变压器空载损耗 no-load loss of transformer变压器零序保护 transformer zero-sequence protection变压器线路组接线 transformer-line unit connection 变压器阻抗电压 (变压器短路电压 ) impedance voltage of transformer变余结构 p
18、alimpsest texture变质岩 metamorphic rock 变质作用 metamorphism 标称顶值电压 nominal ceiling voltage标称值 nominal value标底 base bid price标石 mark stone标书 bid document标幺制 per-unit system (p.u.system)标准贯入试验 standard penetration test(SPT)标准三轴压缩试验 (常规三轴压缩试验 ) standard triaxial compression test表观流速 (视流速 ) apparent velocit
19、y表观先期固结压力 (准先期固结压力 ,视先期固结压力 ,拟似先期固结压力 ) apparent preconsolidation pressure(quasi-preconsolidation pressure)表面保护 surface insulation表面滑移 surface sliding表面力 surface force表面裂缝 surface crack表面张力波 capillary wave表面振捣器 form vibrator (surface vibrator)表面阻力 surface resistance (skin friction resistance)表面阻力及摩擦
20、能头损失 Surface resistance and frictional head loss冰坝 ice dam冰雹 hail冰暴 lce storm冰盖 ice cover冰壳 shell ice冰凌(流冰 ) ice run冰凌洪水 (凌汛) ice flood冰流量 ice discharge冰泥 slush ice冰碛 glacial drift冰情 Ice regime冰情预报 ice regime forecast冰塞 ice jam冰屑(冰花 ) frazil ice冰压力 ice pressure并激直流发电机 shunt excited DC generator并励 (并
21、激) shunt excitation并联抽水装置 parallel pumping system并联线路 parallel line并联运行 parallel operation波长 wave length波达管 Bordas mouth piece波带板激光准直（波带板准直，三点准值法） laser alignment with zone plate波动稳定断面 (托马稳定断面 ) cross-section area of oscillating stability波陡 wave steepness波峰 wave crest (wave summit)波高 wave height波谷 w
22、ave trough (wave valley)波节 wave node波浪 Wave波浪爬高 wave run-up波浪破碎带 zone of wave breaking波浪要素 Elements of wave波浪运动 Wave motion波浪中线 middle line of wave波前 (波锋) wave front波群速 velocity of wave group波数 wave number波速 wave velocity (wave speed)波特 baud 波体 wave body波状结构面 wavy structural plane波状水跃 undular hydrau
23、lic jump波阻 (波浪阻力 ) wave drag玻璃质结构 vitreous texture剥离层 top soil 播前灌水定额 preseeding irrigation duty伯努利方程式 Bernoulli equation泊松比 (波桑比 ) Poissons ratio薄拱坝 thin arch dam补偿调节 compensative regulation不变价格 (固定价格 ) fixed price不衬砌隧洞 unlined tunnel不对称运行 asymmetric operation (non-symmetric operation)不均匀沉降 (沉降差 ,沉
24、陷差) differential settlement(unequal settlement)不均匀系数 coefficient of uniformity不可修复元件 non-repairable component不可压缩流体 incompressible fluid不可用率 unavailability不连续波 (断波) discontinuous wave不良数据辨识 bad data identification不良数据估计 bad data estimation不良数据检测 bad data determination不排水抗剪强度 undrained shearing stren
25、gth 不平衡电流 unbalance current不停电电源 uninterrupted power supply (UPS)不透水层 aquifuge不完整井 (部分贯入井 ) partially penetrating well(imperfect well)不稳定坡 unstable slope 不稳定渠道 unstable canal不整合 unconformity 不正常工作状态 abnormal operation state材料储备定额 material reserve quota材料计划成本 planned material材料实际成本 actual material co
26、st材料系数 material factor材料消耗定额 material consumption quota材料预算价格 material estimated price财务计划 financial plan财务评价 financial evaluation裁弯比 cutoff ratio裁弯工程 cutoff works采石场 (石料场 ) quarry area彩红外片 infrared colour film 彩色合成仪（加色法观察仪） colour additive viewer彩色增强 color enhancement 参考椭球（参考椭圆体） reference ellipsoi
27、d参数谐振过电压 parameter resonant over-voltage参数选择 parameter selection残积 eluvial deposit 残丘 inselberg 残余变形 (塑性变形 ) residual deformation(plastic deformation) 残余强度 residual strength 残余应力 residual stress残值 residual value操作过电压 switching over-voltage 操作机构 operating device糙率 roughness 槽孔 diaphragm trench槽蓄 chan
28、nel storage草土围堰 straw-earth cofferdam侧壁摩阻力 (探头侧摩阻力 ,局部侧摩擦力 ) side friction resistance, local side friction 侧槽式溢洪道 (侧堰溢洪道 ) side channel spillway侧轨 side track侧轮 side wheel侧视雷达 side-looking radar侧收缩系数 side-contract coefficient侧压力系数 lateral pressure coefficient测点流速 velocity at a measuring point测回互差（测回差
29、） discrepancy between observation sets 测角中误差 mean square error of angle observation测量标志 surveymark测量觇标 observation tover 测量单元 measuring unit测量平差 Adjustment of measurement测量平差 adjustment of measurement 测量仪器 Surveying Instrument测频单元 frequency detecting unit测速垂线 verticals for measuring velocity测速历时 dur
30、ation form easuring velocity测速装置 speed detector测速装置放大系数 amplification factor of speed detector测压计 piezometer 测站基面 gauging station datum层理 bedding层流 laminar flow层流 laminarflow层流与紊流 Laminar flow and turbulent flow层移质 laminated load层状结构 stratified structure插筋 dowel岔管 (分岔管 ) bifurcated pipe (branched pi
31、pe,wye piece)差动式调压室 differential surge chamber差动式挑坎 slotted flip bucket差模干扰电压 (差态干扰电压 ) differential mode disturbing/interference voltage拆除爆破 demolition blasting拆模 form stripping觇牌 target掺和料 admixture 掺气槽 (掺气设施 ) aeration slot掺气点 aerate dpoint掺气水流 aerated flow (air-entrained flow)产流 runoff yield(run
32、off or motion)产流(汇流 ) Runoff yield(concentration of flow)产品质量标准 product quality standard产沙模量 modulus of sediment yield长管 long pipe长期使用库容 long-term storage capacity of reservoir长细比 slenderness ratio厂顶溢流式厂房 over-flow type power house厂房导流 diversion through power house厂房的主要构件 Structural elements of powe
33、r house厂房的组成部分 Components of power house厂房段 unit bay厂房上部结构 super structure厂房渗漏排水系统 leak drainage system厂房下部结构 substructure厂前挑流式厂房 fly over type power house厂用电 service power of plant厂用电、近区供电与施工用电 Power service厂用负荷 load of plant厂用供电系统 power supply system厂用配电室 control room of service power场内交通 on site
34、access敞开式组合电器 open-air type assembled switch gear畅流期 unimpeded period超短波通信 ultra-short wave communication超高压 (超高电压 ) extra-high voltage (E.H.V.)超固结比 over-consolidation ratio 超径 over size超静定梁 statically indeterminate beam超静水压力 (超孔隙水压力 ) excess hydrostatic pressure(excess pore water pressure)超前灌浆 adva
35、nce grouting超前支护 advance support超渗产流 runoff yield under excess in filtration超声波法 super sonic method超声波探伤 ultrasonic detection超瞬态短路电流 (次暂态短路电流 ) subtransient short circuit current超塑剂 superplastifier 超挖 over-excavation 超载系数 overload factor超钻深度 (越钻深度 ) over drill depth潮差(潮幅 ) tidal range 潮流 load flow (
36、power flow)潮流 tidal current 潮流反转控制 power reversal control潮流界 tidal current limit潮流量 tidal current discharge潮流总量 sum volume of tide潮区界 tide limit潮位(潮水位 ) tidal lever潮位历时曲线 (潮位历时累积频率曲线 ) duration curve of tidal level潮汐 tide潮汐泵站 tidal pumping station潮汐波 tidal wave潮汐发电 tidal power development潮汐河口 tidal
37、estuary, tidal river mouth潮汐模型 tidal model潮汐日 tidal day 潮汐水电站 (潮力发电站 ) tidal hydroelectric station潮型 type of tide车辆荷载 vehicle load沉积岩 sedimentary rock沉降缝 (变形缝 ) settlement joint沉降计算经验系数 empirical coefficient of settlement calculation沉降粒径 settling diameter沉降式弓形闸门 rising sector gate沉井基础 open caisson f
38、oundation沉排 mattress沉入费用 (沉没费用 ) sunk cost沉沙槽式取水 (冲沙槽式取水 ,沉沙袋式引水 ) intake with under sluice pocket沉沙池 sedimentation basin (silting basin)沉沙条渠 (沉沙区 ) sedimentation channel沉速 settling velocity衬砌 lining成本 cost成本分析 cost anslysis成本管理 cost management成本核算 (成本计算 ) cost accounting 成本决算 final cost account成组调节
39、 joint regulation成组调节装置 joint operating device成组励磁调节 group excitation control承包合同 contract 承压水 artesian water(confined water)承载力因数 (承载力因素 ) bearing capacity factor 承重模板 structural form吃水深度 draft (draught)持力层 bearing stratum持续工作电流 continuous working current持住力 holding force尺寸效应 scale effect齿轮泵 gear p
40、ump赤平投影图 stereogram充电机室 charging set room充气围带 circular air band充水阀 (平压阀 ) filling valve冲击波 shock wave冲击电流 impulse current冲击放电电压 impulse discharge voltage冲击荷载 impact load冲击接地电阻 impulse earthing resistance冲击式水轮机 impulse water turbine冲击系数 impulse coefficient冲击值 (冲击韧性 ) toughness of impact冲积 alluvium冲剪破
41、坏 (冲穿破坏 ,刺入破坏 ) punching failure 冲沙闸 (排沙闸 ) flushing sluice 冲砂闸门 flushing gate冲刷漏斗 erosive funnel冲洗定额 water requirement for leaching冲洗脱盐标准 leaching criteria冲泻质(非造床质 ) wash load冲淤平衡 equilibrium between scouring and deposition抽水历时 pumping duration抽水试验 pumping test抽水蓄能电站 pumped storage power station抽水蓄
42、能机组 pumped-storage aggregate抽水蓄能开发 pumped storage development抽水装置 pumping system抽水装置效率 pumping system efficiency抽咸换淡 pumping out the saline water and recharge the fresh water稠度 consistency出版原图（印刷原图，清绘原图） publication original map 出口元件 (执行元件 ,输出元件 ) output element出力系数 coefficient of output出勤率 rate of
43、attendance出水池 outlet sump出水流道 outlet passage出水渠 outlet channel出逸坡降(出逸梯度 ) exit gradient 出渣 mucking 出渣线路 mucking route初凝 initial set初凝时间 initial setting time初期导流 early-stage diversion初期排水 initial pit dewatering初始切线模量 initial tangent modulus初始试运转 preliminary starting operation初始压缩曲线 (原始压缩曲线 ) initial
44、compression curve(virgin compression curve) 初始应力状态 initial stress state初损 initial losses储量级别 category of reserves储料场 (储料堆 ) stock pile area储能操作 stored energy operation触变硬化 thixotropichardening穿越性故障 through fault传感器 sensor (transducer)传感器（遥感器，遥感装置） sensor传距边（求距边） side for transferring length传距角（求距角）
45、angle for transferring length 船厢 ship tank船行波 ship wave船闸 navigation lock (ship lock)船闸输水系统 (灌泄系统 ,输水设备 ) conveyance system of lock串灌串排 irrigation and drainage from one field to another串浆 grout leaking串联变压器 series transformer串联变压器过电压保护 over-voltage protection for series transformer串联抽水装置 series pump
46、img system串联电容补偿 series capacitive compensation串音衰减 (串话损耗 ) crosstalk attenuation (crosstalk loss)床面保护层 bed surface armouring水利水电工程技术术语标准（二）由 WESTBANK 根据中华人民共和国水利部能源部联合发布的水利水电工程技术术语标准整理，鉴于篇幅空间限制，删除了定义部分和重复部分床面形态 Bed form床沙质 (造床质 ) bed material load垂线观测坐标仪（垂线观测仪） coordinatograph for plummet observati
47、on垂线平均流速 mean velocity at a vertical垂直度 perpendicularity垂直度盘指标差（指标差，竖盘指标差） index error of vertical circle垂直升船机 vertical ship lift垂直收缩系数 vena-contracta coefficient垂直位移工作点 operative mark of vertical displacement垂直位移观测（沉陷观测，沉降观测） vertical displacement observation垂直位移基点 datum mark of vertical displaceme
48、nt磁法勘探 magnetic prospecting磁方位角 magnetic azimuth磁极 fieid pole磁子午线 magnetic meridian次固结(次压缩 ) secondary consolidation(secondary compression)次固结沉降 secondary consolidation settlement次生曲流 submeander 次生盐碱化 secondary salinization次要建筑物 secondary structure凑合节 adjuster of steel pipe粗骨料 coarse aggregate粗碎 pri
49、mary crushing粗制螺栓 bolt,rough bolt错缝 staggered joint 搭接 lap joint达西渗流定律 Darcys law of seepage 大坝变形观测 dam deformation observation 大坝水泥 dam cement大暴雨 large rainstorm大潮(朔望潮 ) spring tide 大地构造 geotectonics大地控制点（大地点） geodetic control point 大地水准面 geoid大地原点（大地基准点） geodetic datum 大气窗口 atmospheric window大气折光差 atmospheric refraction error大体积混凝土 mass concrete大头坝 massive-head dam (massive-buttress dam)大修理费 overhauling cost代表性露点 representative dew point 带喉管的圆筒式调压室 throttled surge chamber带舌瓣闸门 gate with flap带速饱和变流器差动保护 longitudinal differential protection employing quickly-saturable t
