1、第 七 章 动 词 和 动 词 短 语,1. 放在情态动词之后。 2. 放在助动词do,does,did,will,shall等之后。 3. 放在感官动词feel,taste,sound,smell,look或使役动词let,make,have之后作宾语补足语。 4. 跟在to后面构成动词不定式。 5. 放于祈使句句首。,考 点 1 动词的基本形式,动词原形是 动词最基本的形式,没有任何变化:,1. 一般情况下只在动词后加-s。 2. 以s,x,sh,ch结尾的动词,后加-es。 3. 以 “辅音字母加y” 结尾的动词,改y为i加-es。 不规则变化有:have has, be is/am/a
2、re, go goes, do does等在一般现在时中,当句子的主语是第三人称单数时,句中的谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。,动词第三人称单数变化规则如下:,1. 一般情况下直接加-ed。 2. 以 “不发音的e” 结尾的,加-d。 3. 以 “辅音字母加y” 结尾,把y变为i再加-ed。 4. 以 “一个元音字母和一个辅音字母” 结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写末尾一个字母,再加-ed,如stopped 等在一般过去时中,动词原形要改为过去式。,过去式动词过去式变化规则如下:,1. 一般情况下在动词后加-ing。 2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e再加-ing。 3. 以一个元音字母和一
3、个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写末尾一个字母,再加-ing,如swimming,running等。,现在分词,4. 以ie结尾的名词,一般将ie改为y,再加-ing,如die dying,lie lying,tie tying,现在分词与be动词构成进行时态:现在进行时或过去进行时过去。,过去分词动词规则变化与过去式相同,动词不规则变化需查不规则动词表过去分词与be动词构成被动语态,与助动词has,have,had构成现在完成时或过去完成时。,注意:,( )1. Jenny, I hear there will be an art club in our school. Wonderfu
4、l! I cant wait to it. (2015温州市)A. repeat B. forget C. receive D. join ( ) 2. Lao Shes Teahouse _ the changes in Chinese society over fifty years. (2015天津市)A. describes B. improves C. prepares D. corrects,真题热身,中考 真 题,D,A,根据在句子中的功能,动词分为行为动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。行为动词也叫实义动词,有完整的词义,并能单独作谓语。根据其句法作用可分为及物动词和不及物动词,
5、按其持续性可分为延续性动词或非延续性动词。,考 点 2 行 为 动 词,及物动词:本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整,如love,buy,enjoy,teach,watch。,1. 及物动词和不及物动词,注:及物动词+宾语: I really enjoy the movie. 及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语: I often hear her singing in the next room. 及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语: Mother bought me a beautiful dress.,不及物动词:本身意思完整,无需接宾语。要接宾语时,不及物动词后面必须加介词,如:listen
6、(to),wait (for), look (at,after,for),worry (about),talk (to,with),注:主语+及物动词: The party started at seven yesterday. 及物动词+介词+宾语: He is listening to music.,延续性动词表示动作是可持续的,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用,如work,study,live,keep,stay。,2. 延续性动词和非延续性动词,非延续性动词表示瞬间动作,动作一经发生立即结束,不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,如果和表示一段时间的状语连用,就要用其他词代替 。如 start,l
7、eave,finish,end,die。,( )1. Tom, lets hang out after school. Sorry. I have Frank to work on the biology report with him.(2016厦门市)A. advised B. expected C. promised ( ) 2. As students, we ought to the act of cheating in the exams.(2016漳州市)A. provide B. prefer C. prevent,真题热身,中考 真 题,C,C,1. 系动词系动词本身有意义,
8、但不能单独作谓语,必须和表语在一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。,考 点 3系 动 词、 助 动 词,2. 助动词助动词本身无意义或意义不完整,不能单独作谓语,必须和别的动词连用,一起构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构。,( )1. Mum, what are you cooking in the kitchen? It so good! Fried noodles.(2016福州市)A. smells B. tastes C. sounds ( ) 2. 3-D printing could be used to build a house in less than 24
9、 hours. It _ amazing. Its my first time to get to know this.(2016泉州市)A. sounds B. smells C. tastes,真题热身,中考 真 题,A,A,1. 情态动词也是 “辅助性” 动词,用来表示说话人的情绪、语气或态度。情态动词所表示的情态有请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。,考 点 4 情 态 动 词,2. 情态动词本身有词义,但词义不完整,不能单独用作谓语,没有人称和数的变化 (have to除外),且后面只接动词原形。,can/could 表示能力;意为 “能,会”, 如: I can
10、 speak a little Korean. She could swim when she was five years old.,can 与 be able to的区别: can只用于现在时和过去时 (could),而be able to可以用于各种时态。 表能力时,could是can的过去式。 can/could表示能力时,可用be able to 代替表示允许请求。如: Can I borrow your bike? Could you tell me how to get there?,表示可能、请求允许时,could 不是can的过去式,而是表示委婉语气表示可能性,常用于否定或疑
11、问句中。 如:The man over there cant be our teacher. Because he is much too fat. It could belong to Linda. cant 表示猜测时,意为 “不可能是,一定不是”,may/might表示可能性或一种推测,如: You may go home if you feel better. He might be alive. might不是may的过去式;might表示的可能性要比may小表示允许、许可,相当于can,如: May I use your book? Yes,you may. /No,you can
12、t/mustnt.,对may开头的问句,肯定回答用 “Yes,you may.” 或 “Yes,please.”,否定回答用 “No,you mustnt.或No,you cant.”表示祝愿May you be happy.常用于第二、第三人称,注:,must 表示有把握的判断或猜测,意思是 “一定,准是”, 如:The book must be my brothers. Look,his name is on it. 只用于肯定句,否定猜测用cant。 表示 “必须”,表示说话人认为有必要做某事As students,we must work hard at our lessons. 1.
13、以must开头的疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答用neednt或dont/doesnt have to 2. mustnt 表示 “禁止”,have to表示 “必须,不得不”,如: My brother was very ill,so I have to take him to see the doctor. have to与must区别: have to表示客观实际的需要,有人称和时态的变化;must表主观上看法,没人称和时态变化。,need作情态动词时,无人称和数的变化 ,如: Need I come? Yes,you must. 后面接动词原形,多用于疑问句和否定句中,否定式为ne
14、ednt,表示 “不必” 作实义动词时,有人称和数的变化, 如: She needs to repair her bike. = Her bike needs repairing. =Her bike needs to be repaired. 后面接to do或名词,即need to do 或need sth.,当主语为物时, need doing表示被动含义, 相当于need to be done。,had better 表示劝告、建议,意为 “最好做某事”,如:Its cold outside. Youd better put on your coat.可缩写为d better,后面接动
15、词原形,即“had better do sth.”,其否定式是had better not do sth.,“Shall ?” 表示提建议或请求Shall I take you to the hospital?用于第一人称should意为 “应该”,表示征求别人意见或提出建议,与各种人称连用. 如:Students shouldnt be allowed to do part-time jobs.,shall/should,will表示意愿、决心I will never do that again.可用于各种人称用于第二人称表示提建议或征求意见Will/Would you go with me
16、? 1. 仅限 “Will/Would you (please) ?” 句型中 2. will和would用于 “劝某人接受” 时,只能用some,不能用any,will/would,( ) 1. Look at the young lady in red. Is it Mrs. Li? No. It _ be her. She is wearing a white dress today.(2016福州市)A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant ( ) 2. Whats wrong with Judy? She has been absent for two days. Oh
17、, she _ be ill. Lets go to ask Mr. Green. (2016泉州市)A. may B. need C. would,真题热身,中考真题,A,A,考 点 5 动 词 短语、动词短语辨,( ) 1. Why are you late for school today? Im sorry. I didnt catch the early bus and I had to _ the next one. (2016福州市)A. wait for B. ask for C. care for ( ) 2. Ive made much progress in grammar. The ideas you _ worked out fine. Glad I could help.(2016厦门市)A. came up with B. ran out of C. looked up to,真题热身,中考真题,A,A,