1、1follow v. 1)在之后；跟随；跟着 The lightning was quickly followed by/with heavy thunder. 闪电过后紧接着是响雷。 2)按照；听从；采用 follow the instructions 按指示办事 follow sb.s advice 听从某人的劝告 3)沿(路而行) Follow the road signs while driving. 开车时要沿着路标。,4)遵循；仿效；仿照 Students under 16 are always following the fashion. 16岁以下的学生真是爱追求时尚。,注意：
2、 1)following可看作follow的现在分词，表主动“跟着；继之后”；过去分词followed则表被动关系，“被跟随”。 2)following也可以看作介词，意思是“以后”；作形容词，意思是“第二天的”；作名词，意思是“以下”。 We went upstairs, following the old man.(现在分词) 我们跟着老人上了楼。 We went upstairs, followed by the old man.(过去分词) 我们上了楼，后面跟着老人。,高考直击 (2010湖南29) If he _ my advice, he wouldnt have lost his
3、 job. A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow 解析：考查虚拟语气。根据“wouldnt have lost”可判断if引导的状语从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟，故选C项。 答案：C,即学即用 I send you 100 dollars today, the rest_in a year. Afollows Bfollowed Cto follow Dbeing followed 答案：C,2likely Its likely that.sb. be likely to do. “做某事是可能的” not l
4、ikely “(表示坚决不同意)绝不可能，绝对不会” 词语辨析：likely/probable/possible 1)likely强调表面上看来有可能，与probable意思接近，有时可以互换，但likely常暗示从表面迹象来判断。常用句型： sth./sb. be likely to do It is likely that.,2)probable表示有几分根据的推测，比possible表示的可能性大。换句话说，probable的“有可能”，是指有实际的依据或逻辑上合乎情理。常用句型： It is probable that. 3)possible表示客观上潜在的可能性，也许实际发生的可能性
5、并不大。常用句型： It is possible that. sth. is possible as quickly/much/soon.as possible,高考直击 (2010浙江13)Would she mind playing against her former teammates? She is willing to play against any tough players. AI think so. B.Im not surprised. C.Of course. D.Not likely! 解析：本题考查交际用语。根据语境：“她会介意与她之前的队友们对垒吗？”“她喜欢与任
6、何强劲的选手比赛。”分析四个选项：I think so.我想是这样的；Im not surprised.一点也不奇怪；Of course.当然；Not likely！(大概)不会。此处表示不介意，所以选择D。 答案：D,即学即用 I advise you to learn a second language. Me? _！ Im too slow. ANot likely BNo problem CAs possible DSurely 答案：A,3describe vt. 描述；描绘；作图；画；(与as连用)把说成是 It is easy to describe a circle if yo
7、u have a pair of compasses. 如果有圆规，画一个圆很容易。 Words cannot describe the beauty of the scene. 语言难以描述出这景色的幽美。 He described himself as a doctor. 他自称是医生。,知识拓展 description n. 叙述；描写；说明 give a description of 描述 He gave a description of what he had seen. 他描述了他所见到的一切。,即学即用 The scenery was beautiful beyond_. Ade
8、monstration Binstruction Cdescription Ddesignation 答案：C,4ban vt. (官方，政府)明令禁止做；常用于ban doing.或ban sb.(from doing sth.) As a Jew, he was banned from(attending)the meeting. 作为一个犹太人，他被禁止出席这次会议。 The Government has banned the use of chemical weapons. 政府已禁止使用化学武器。,知识拓展 forbid vt. 禁止；不准；不许；常用于forbid sb. to d
9、o.“不许某人做某事”和forbid doing.“禁止做某事”。 Her father forbade her to talk to boys. 她父亲禁止她与男孩子说话。 We forbid smoking in the schoolyard. 我们禁止在校园里抽烟。,即学即用 Swimming in this river is b_(禁止) 答案：banned,5transport n. 1)运送；运输；流放 road and rail transport 公路及铁路运输 the transport of goods by air 空运货物 2)运输工具 I normally trave
10、l by public transport. 我出门通常乘坐公共交通工具。,知识拓展 transport v. 运送；运输；流放 transportation n. 运输，运送；运输工具 即学即用 货物是用火车运来的。 _ 答案：The goods were transported by train.,6affect v. 1)影响 I hope my plan will not affect your decision. 希望我的计划不会影响你的决定。 2)(疾病)侵袭(某人/某物)；感染 His left lung was affected by cancer. 他的左肺受到了癌症的感染。
11、 3)感动；使某人悲伤或同情 I was deeply affected by what had happened to him. 对他的遭遇我深感同情。,知识拓展 1)be greatly/deeply affected 很/深受感动 be affected by heat/cold 中暑/着凉 be affected with high fever 发高烧 2)辨析：affect, influence (1)affect的宾语是物时，它包含足以引起反应的刺激，有时包含一定的改变；当affect的宾语是人时，它表示在心智上或感情上的影响，即感动。 (2)influence 表示“影响；感染”
12、的意思时，是指使思想、行为、性质或发展和成长等发生变化的影响。它可以指坏的影响，也可以指好的影响，这种影响常常是潜移默化的。,The slight change of weather can affect her delicate health. 天气稍有变化就会影响她那虚弱的身体。 He was in no way affected by their misery. 他们的惨状一点也没打动他的心。 No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements. 谁也不能避免受到广告的影响。,即学即用 Much _ by the story of Co
13、ng Fei, I am also determined to be a volunteer worker. Aaffected Baffecting Cadmired Deffected 答案：A,1be afraid of. 害怕；担心；后可跟名词或动名词。 知识拓展 be afraid后跟动词不定式，含有“怕”或“不敢”的意思，还可跟that从句，其含义是“恐怕”。 I wasnt afraid of the car but I was afraid of the driver. 我不是怕那辆车，而是怕那个开车的人。 He is afraid to go there. 他不敢到那里去。
14、Im afraid I dont understand. 抱歉，我不明白你的意思。 He was afraid that he would lose. 他担心会输。,高考直击 (2008福建)Would you like to join us in the game? _， for I have something important to attend to. AI will BId love to CI wont DIm afraid not 解析：本题考查了情景会话。由第二句话可知此处表示拒绝，而C项语气太生硬，不礼貌。 答案：D,即学即用 He was afraid_the tree
15、and he was afraid_from the tree. Ato climb; of falling Bof climbing; to fall Cto climb; to fall Dof climbing; of falling 答案：A,2refer to 1)论及 His name was referred to in the meeting. 他的名字在会议中被提及。 2)参考；参照 He cooked dinner by referring to a cookbook. 他的晚餐是参考一本食谱做的。 3)和有关；涉及 What do these numbers refer
16、to? 这些数字表示什么意思？,知识拓展 1)refer to sth. as sth. 将称为 California is referred to as the“Golden State” 加利福尼亚被称作“黄金之州”。 2)refer sb. to. 叫去 He referred the student to the counselor. 他叫那名学生去找辅导员。 3)refer.to. 提交；交付 The problem was referred to the committee. 该问题已交付委员会处理。,高考直击 (2007上海)_he referred to in his arti
17、cle was unknown to the general reader. AThat BWhat CWhether DWhere 解析：what引导主语从句，在从句中做refer to的宾语。 答案：B,即学即用 The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without_his notes. Abringing up Breferring to Clooking for Dtrying on 答案：B,3be against be against作“反对” 解，虽是介词却有动词意味，相当于object to
18、 “反对，不赞成”，其中to为介词，后接名词、代词、动名词。 Those who are against the plan may put up your hands. 反对这项计划的人请举起手来。 All the workers on strike voted against going back to work. 所有进行罢工的工人都投票反对复工。,注意： 1)与某些动词连用，其含义并非都译作“反对”。 Wed fight/struggle against our bad fate. 我们应当与我们不幸的命运抗争。 Everyone should fight against polluti
19、on to protect our surroundings against(from)being polluted. 每个人都应当与污染作斗争，以保护我们的环境不受污染。 2)表示位置关系“靠着；顶着；迎着；对着”。 Please lean the ladder against the wall. That will be a bit safer. 请将梯子倚在墙上，这样更安全一点。,The picture looks good against that light wall. 衬着那色彩明快的墙壁，这幅画看上去很漂亮。 Its hard to boat against the wind.
20、逆风行船是很艰难的。,知识拓展 be against“反对”的反义词组是be for“支持、赞同”。 You are against the idea while I am for it. 你反对这个主意，但我却很支持它。,高考直击 (2007福建)Although_my opinion, the old professor didnt come up with his own. Aagainst Bon Cfor Din 解析：be against sth.“反对”。 答案：A,即学即用 (2009福州八中)Most people were_the plan. So we had to gi
21、ve it up. Aafter Bfor Con Dagainst 答案：D,4as well as well也；还有；不妨；是副词性短语，在句中作状语。使用时应注意： 1)表示“也”；常置于句末，前面不用逗号与其他部分隔开。 He speaks English as well. 他也说英语。 2)as well和and连用，放在句末。表示“也”“既又”的意思。 He is professor, and a writer as well. 他是教授，也是作家。,3)as well表示“也好”；“不妨”的意思时，要放在主要动词之前，前面常用may, just等。 You may as well
22、 go. 你去也好。,即学即用 Dr. White has got plenty of information about UFO. Hes promised to offer it to me. I have as much. Would you like to have mine_？ Aas well Bas possible Cso far Dif so 答案：A,I think it would be good if they banned smoking in restaurants and cafes as well. 我认为如果他们也在饭馆、咖啡厅禁烟就好了。 “it would
23、 be good if they banned smoking in restaurants and cafes as well”是虚拟语气结构。 知识拓展 虚拟语气表示所说的话不是一个事实，而是一个与事实相反的假设，或表示不可能实现的愿望或空想。虚拟语气常通过谓语动词的一定变化来体现。 在虚拟条件句中的谓语动词变化如下：,If I were you, I should take it. 如果我是你，我就买下它。(与现在事实相反) If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车了。(与过去事
24、实相反) If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping. 如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。(与将来事实相反),高考直击 (2010天津15) John went to the hospital alone. If he _ me about it, I would have gone with him. A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：约翰独自去了医院。如果他告诉我的话，我会跟他一起去的。前一句是陈述语气，说明动作发生在过去，而且后一句的主句已经是would have
25、gone说明是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与之对应的从句结构，应该用had 过去分词。 答案：D,即学即用 (2009安徽)But for their help，we_the program in time. Acan not finish Bwill not finish Chad not finished Dcould not have finished 答案：D,1动词不定式作目的状语,2.结果状语从句 在句子中作结果状语的从句称为结果状语从句。结果状语从句一般置于句尾。通常由that, so, so that, so.that.，such.that.引导。本模块主要学习so.that.和
26、such.that.引导的结果状语从句。,高考直击 (1)(2009辽宁)_， you need to give all you have and try your best. ABeing a winner BTo be a winner CBe a winner DHaving been a winner 答案：B,解析：题意：要想成为胜者，你需要付出全部，并尽最大努力。不定式短语to be a winner位于句首，作目的状语。现在分词一般不作目的状语；C项动词原形位于句首，除构成祈使句外，其他不可用；D项是现在分词的完成式，表示动作发生的在谓语动词之前。,(2)(2009江苏)Scho
27、ols across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as shortterm teachers, almost three times the number hired last year，_ reduce unemployment pressures. Ahelp Bto have helped Cto help Dhaving helped 答案：C 解析：题意：为了减轻就业压力，全国各地的学校今年计划聘用50,000大学毕业生作临时教师，这几乎是去年聘用人数的三倍。不定式短语to help.作目
28、的状语。,(3)(2009山东)So sudden_that the enemy had no time to escape. Adid the attack Bthe attack did Cwas the attack Dthe attack was 答案：C 解析：题意：袭击是如此突然以至于敌人根本没有时间逃跑。本题考查倒装。so.that.引导结果状语从句，so修饰的部分提至句首时，主句要用部分倒装；the attack是句子的主语，形容词sudden是表语，故用系动词was，选C。,(4)(2007浙江)The children talked so loudly at dinner
29、table that I had to struggle _. Ato be heard Bto have heard Chearing Dbeing heard 答案：A 解析：题意：孩子们吃饭时说话声音如此大，我得提高自己的声音以便让他们听见。struggle to do sth.意为“努力做某事”，不定式的被动形式作目的状语，表示能够被听到。,(5)(2010山东23) I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term. A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being com
30、pleted 答案：B 解析：本题考查非谓语动词的使用。句意应为“这个学期结束前，我要做很多阅读练习。”由于时间状语before the end of this term表达未来的时间，所以空格处使用动词不定式表示将来，充当readings的定语。,(6)(2010江西32) There were many talented actors out there just waiting _. A. to discover B. to be discovered C. discovered D. being discovered 答案：B 解析：考查非谓语。演员等待被发现， 用被动， 发现发生在等待之后， 所以用不定式。,
