1、淮 阴 工 学 院毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译系 部: 专 业: 姓 名: 学 号: 外文出处: 附 件:1.外文资料翻译译文;2.外文原文。 指导教师评语:该生具有较好的英语翻译水平,翻译语句意思符合原文的意义,句子通顺、连贯,语法错误较少,符合汉语表达习惯,翻译的材料有一定的实用性,总体来说表现良好。签名: 年 月 日附件 1:外文资料翻译译文红外遥控及芯片介绍人的眼睛能看到的可见光按波长从长到短排列,依次为红、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、紫。其中红光的波长范围为 0.620.76m;紫光的波长范围为0.380.46m。比紫光波长还短的光叫紫外线,比红光波长还长的光叫红外线。红外线遥控就是利用波长
2、为 0.761.5m 之间的近红外线来传送控制信号的。常用的红外遥控系统一般分发射和接收两个部分。发射部分的主要元件为红外发光二极管。它实际上是一只特殊的发光二极管,由于其内部材料不同于普通发光二极管,因而在其两端施加一定电压时,它便发出的是红外线而不是可见光。目前大量使用的红外发光二极管发出的红外线波长为 940nm 左右,外形与普通 5 发光二极管相同,只是颜色不同。红外发光二极管一般有黑色、深蓝、透明三种颜色。判断红外发光二极管好坏的办法与判断普通二极管一样:用万用表电阻挡量一下红外发光二极管的正、反向电阻即可。红外发光二极管的发光效率要用专门的仪器才能精确测定,而业余条件下只能用拉距法
3、来粗略判定。 接收部分的红外接收管是一种光敏二极管。在实际应用中要给红外接收二极管加反向偏压,它才能正常工作,亦即红外接收二极管在电路中应用时是反向运用,这样才能获得较高的灵敏度。红外接收二极管一般有圆形和方形两种。由于红外发光二极管的发射功率一般都较小(100mW 左右),所以红外接收二极管接收到的信号比较微弱,因此就要增加高增益放大电路。前些年常用 PC1373H、CX20106A 等红外接收专用放大电路。最近几年不论是业余制作还是正式产品,大多都采用成品红外接收头。成品红外接收头的封装大致有两种:一种采用铁皮屏蔽;一种是塑料封装。均有三只引脚,即电源正(VDD)、电源负(GND)和数据输
4、出(VO 或 OUT)。红外接收头的引脚排列因型号不同而不尽相同,可参考厂家的使用说明。成品红外接收头的优点是不需要复杂的调试和外壳屏蔽,使用起来如同一只三极管,非常方便。但在使用时注意成品红外接收头的载波频率。红外遥控常用的载波频率为 38kHz,这是由发射端所使用的 455kHz 陶振来决定的。在发射端要对晶振进行整数分频,分频系数一般取 12,所以455kHz1237.9 kHz38kHz。也有一些遥控系统采用 36kHz、40kHz、56kHz等,一般由发射端晶振的振荡频率来决定。红外遥控的特点是不影响周边环境、不干扰其它电器设备。由于其无法穿透墙壁,故不同房间的家用电器可使用通用的遥
5、控器而不会产生相互干扰;电路调试简单,只要按给定电路连接无误,一般不需任何调试即可投入工作;编解码容易,可进行多路遥控。由于各生产厂家生产了大量红外遥控专用集成电路,需要时按图索骥即可。因此,现在红外遥控在家用电器、室内近距离(小于 10 米)遥控中得到了广泛的应用。多路控制的红外遥控系统 多路控制的红外发射部分一般有许多按键,代表不同的控制功能。当发射端按下某一按键时,相应地在接收端有不同的输出状态。接收端的输出状态大致可分为脉冲、电平、自锁、互锁、数据五种形式。“脉冲”输出是当按发射端按键时,接收端对应输出端输出一个“有效脉冲”,宽度一般在 100ms 左右。“电平”输出是指发射端按下键时
6、,接收端对应输出端输出“有效电平”,发射端松开键时,接收端“有效电平”消失。此处的“有效脉冲”和“有效电平”,可能是高、也可能是低,取决于相应输出脚的静态状况,如静态时为低,则“高”为有效;如静态时为高,则“低”为有效。大多数情况下“高”为有效。“自锁”输出是指发射端每按一次某一个键,接收端对应输出端改变一次状态,即原来为高电平变为低电平,原来为低电平变为高电平。此种输出适合用作电源开关、静音控制等。有时亦称这种输出形式为“反相”。“互锁”输出是指多个输出互相清除,在同一时间内只有一个输出有效。电视机的选台就属此种情况,其它如调光、调速、音响的输入选择等。“数据”输出是指把一些发射键编上号码,
7、利用接收端的几个输出形成一个二进制数,来代表不同的按键输入。一般情况下,接收端除了几位数据输出外,还应有一位“数据有效”输出端,以便后级适时地来取数据。这种输出形式一般用于与单片机或微机接口。 除以上输出形式外,还有“锁存”和“暂存”两种形式。所谓“锁存”输出是指对发射端每次发的信号,接收端对应输出予以“储存”,直至收到新的信号为止;“暂存”输出与上述介绍的“电平”输出类似。影响遥控器遥控距离(Remote distance of RF Remote Control)的因素主要有如下几点:1、发射功率:发射功率大则距离远,但耗电大,容易产生干扰;2、接收灵敏度:接收器的接收灵敏度提高,遥控距离
8、增大,但容易受干扰造成误动或失控;3、天线:采用直线型天线,并且相互平行,遥控距离远,但占据空间大,在使用中把天线拉长、拉直可增加遥控距离;4、高度:天线越高,遥控距离越远,但受客观条件限制;5、阻挡:目前使用的无线遥控器使用国家规定的 UHF 频段,其传播特性和光近似,直线传播,绕射较小,发射器和接收器之间如有墙壁阻挡将大大打折遥控距离,如果是钢筋混泥土的墙壁,由于导体对电波的吸收作用,影响更甚。 考虑到本次设计的硬件体积应偏小以便嵌入遥控器中,因此我们选择了 20个引脚的单片机芯片 AT89C2051。下面即介绍此芯片的功能。1). AT89C2051 的内部结构及性能AT89C2051是
9、一带有2K字节闪速可编程可擦除只读存储体(EEPROM)的低电压,高性能8位CMOS微型计算机。它采用ATMEL的高密非易失存储技术制造并和工业标准MCS51指令集和引脚结构兼容。通过在单块芯片上组合通用的CPL1和闪速存储器,ATMEL AT89C2051是一强劲的微型计算机,它对许多嵌入式控制应用提供一高度灵活和成本低的解决办法。AT89C2051是与8051兼容的CHMOS微控制器,其Flash存储器容量为2KB。与CHMOS工艺的80C51一样,具有空闲和掉电两种节电运行方式。其性能如下:8位CUP; 2KB的Flash存储器;工作电压范围2.76V; 128KB的数据存储器;全静态工
10、作方式:024MHz; 15根输入/输出线;一个可编程串行口; 2个16位定时/计数器;有片内精密模拟比较器; 5个中断源,2个优先级。可编程串行UART通道; 直接LED驱动输出;AT89C2051 的内部结构如图 1 所示。图1 AT89C2051的内部结构2). AT89C2051的芯片引脚及功能为适应智能仪表的嵌入要求,AT89C2051在芯片的引脚配置上进行了简化,如图b所示。主要变化为:(1)引脚由40根减为20根;(2)增加了一个模拟比较器。12345678910 1112131415161718192089C2051RST/VPP(RXD)P3.0(TXD)P3.1XTAL2X
11、TAL1(INT0)P3.2(INT1)P3.3(T0)P3.4(T1)P3.5GNDVCCP1.7P1.6P1.5P1.4P1.3P1.2P1.1(AIN1)P1.0(AIN0)P3.7图 b AT89C2051 的引脚图AT89C2051 引脚功能:1. Vcc:电源电压。 2. GND:地。 3. P1 口:P1 口是一 8 位双向 I/O 口。口引脚 P1.2P1.7 提供内部上拉电阻。 P1.0 和 P1.1 要求外部上拉电阻。P1.0 和 P1.1 还分别作为片内精密模拟比较器的同相输入(AIN0)和反相输入(AIN1)。P1 口输出缓冲器可吸收 20mA 电流并能直接驱动 LED
12、 显示。当 P1 口引脚写入“1”时,其可用作输入端。当引脚P1.2P1.7 用作输入并被外部拉低时,它们将因内部的上拉电阻而流出电流(IIL)。P1 口还在闪速编程和程序校验期间接收代码数据。 4. P3 口:P3 口的 P3.0P3.5、P3.7 是带有内部上拉电阻的七个双向 I/0引脚。P3.6 用于固定输入片内比较器的输出信号并且它作为一通用 I/O 引脚而不可访问。P3 口缓冲器可吸收 20mA 电流。当 P3 口引脚写入“1”时,它们被内部上拉电阻拉高并可用作输入端。用作输入时,被外部拉低的 P3 口引脚将用上拉电阻而流出电流(IIL)。P3 口还用于实现 AT89C2051 的各
13、种功能,如下表 1 所示。 P3 口还接收一些用于闪速存储器编程和程序校验的控制信号。5. RST:复位输入。RST 一旦变成高电平,所有的 I/O 引脚就复位到“1”。当振荡器正在运行时,持续给出 RST 引脚两个机器周期的高电平便可完成复位。每一个机器周期需 12 个振荡器或时钟周期。 6. XTAL1:作为振荡器反相放大器的输入和内部时钟发生器的输入。7. XTAL2:作为振荡器反相放大器的输出。P3 口的功能如表 1 所示。 表 1P3 口引脚 功能 P3.0 RXD(串行输入端口) P3.1 TXD(串行输出端口) P3.2 INT0(外中断 0) P3.3 INT1(外中断 1)
14、P3.4 TO(定时器 0 外部输入) P3.5 T1(定时器 1 外部输入) 3). AT89C2051的软硬件约束AT89C2051单片机由于引脚的限制,没有设置外部存储器的接口,所以,对于外部存储器的读/写指令如MOVX等不起作用。由于ROM空间为2KB,所以,对于跳转指令要注意转移的目的地址范围(000H7FFH),超出地址范围时,将产生不可遇见的错误结果。数据存储的范围是(00H7FH),堆栈操作时亦应加以注意。模拟比较器的输入信号经原来的P3.6引脚引入到单片机内,所以原来的P3.6脚已无法再外部使用。模拟比较器可以方便的比较两个模拟电压的大小,若外接一个D/A转换器并将其输出作为
15、模拟比较器的一个输入,而由模拟比较器的另一个输入端引入被测电压,通过软件的方法也可以实现A/D转换。4). AT89C2051的Flash存储器编程AT89C2051单片机提供有2KB的片内Flash程序存储器,它允许在线修改或使用专用编程器编程。aFlash存储器加密位AT89C2051单片机有2个加密位,可以编程(P)或不编程(U)以获得不同的加密功能。加密功能表如表4.1-1所示。加密位内容的擦除只能通过片擦除操作来完成。b Flash 存储器的编程和程序校验(1)AT89C2051 单片机的片内 Flash 存储器编程模式如表 4.1-2 所示。注:内部 EPROM 的计数器在 RES
16、ET 的上升沿复位到 000H,并由 XTAL1,引脚正脉冲执行计数;片擦除需要 10ms 的 PROG 脉冲;编程期间 P3.1 被拉低来指示 RDY/BSY.c.AT89C2051 单片机的片内 Flash 存储器编程步骤如下:上电次序是在 VCC、GND 引脚加工作电压,RESET、XTAL1 引脚接到 GND,悬浮其它引脚,等待大于 10ms 以上时间;在 RESET、P3.2 引脚加高电平;在 P3.3、P3.4、P3.5、P3.7 引脚加模式电平;经 P1.0P1.7 对 000H 单元加入数据字节;升高 RESET 到 12V 激活编程;使 P3.2 跳变一次,编程一个字节或加密
17、位;校验已被编程数据,使 RESET 从 12V 降到逻辑电平“H”并设置 P3.3P3.7 为正确的电平,可以在 P1 口输出数据;进行下一地址单元的字节编程,在 XTAL1 加一脉冲,使地址计数器加1,在 P1 口加入编程数据。重复步骤,完成整个 2KB 的编程。下电次序为:设置 XTAL1、RESET 为“L”,浮空其它 I/O 引脚,关闭 VCC 电源。(3)编程及校验电路如图 c、d 所示。说明几点:(1)编程期间 P3.1 被拉低来指示 RDY/BSY;(2)单片擦除需要 10ms 的 PROG;(3)内部 EEPROM 地址计数器在 RESET 的上升沿复位到 000H,并由 X
18、TAL1 引脚正脉冲执行计数。随着科学技术的迅速发展,人类社会发生了翻天覆地的变化。使我们的生产生活更加丰富多彩。在这些变化中,遥控技术已经广泛地渗透到电视、航天、军事、体育等生产、生活各方面。从最广泛的意义上来说,一切装有电动运转设备或电气开关的场所,如果感觉有某种必要,都可考虑加装遥控设备来改善现有定点开关的操作,即用遥控器的操作来实现原有设备的开、停、变向、变速等功能。目前,人们使用的开关大多是手动操作控制,十分不便。很多人都有这样的想法:躺在床上不愿去关灯,坐在沙发上不愿意起来切换灯开光等:此课题的创新性就在于使用遥控的方式来实现灯的关闭,满足人的需求,目前市场还没有出现这个产品,很有
19、竞争力。另据了解,目前很多产品,遥控器是可以互换的,也就是说,只需要开发出接收部分,发射部分则可公用,即可获得另一创新性:使用一个遥控开关控制所有的灯开关,比如可以使用遥控电风扇的开关来控制灯的开关;为此我们设计了红外遥控系统来实现对手动开关量的控制。红外遥控的特点是不影响周边环境、不干扰其它电器设备。由于其无法穿透墙壁,故不同房间的家用电器可使用通用的遥控器而不会产生相互干扰;电路调试简单,只要按给定电路连接无误,一般不需任何调试即可投入工作;编解码容易,可进行多路遥控。附件 2:外文原文(复印件)Infrared Remote And Chips Are IntroducedPeoples
20、 eyes can see the visible wavelength from long to short according to the arrangement, in order to red, orange, yellow, green, green, blue, violet. One of the red wavelengths for 0.62 0.76 muon m, Purple is 0.38 wavelength range muon m. Purple is shorter than the wavelength of light called ultraviole
21、t ray, red wavelengths of light is longer than that of infrared light. Infrared remote control is to use wavelength for 0.76 1.5 muon m between the near infrared to transfer control signal.Commonly used infrared remote control system of general points transmit and receive two parts. The main compone
22、nt part for the launch of infrared light emitting diode. It is actually a special light emitting diode, due to its internal material differs from ordinary light emitting diode, resulting in its ends on certain voltage, it is a rather infrared light. Use of infrared light emitting diode the infrared
23、wavelengths, for 940nm appearance and ordinary, just the same light emitting diode five different colors. Infrared light emitting diode generally have black and blue, transparent three colors. Judgement of infrared light emitting diode and judgment method, using a multimeter to ordinary diode electr
24、ic block measure of infrared light emitting diode, reverse resistance. The infrared light emitting diode luminescence efficiency to use special instrument to measure precise, and use only spare conditions to pull away from roughly judgement. Receiving part of infrared receiving tube is a photosensit
25、ive diode.In actual application of ir receiving diode to reverse bias, it can work normally, i.e., the infrared receiving circuit application in diode is used to reverse, higher sensitivity. Infrared receiving diode usually have two round and rectangular. Due to the power of infrared light emitting
26、diode (or less commonly 100mW), so ir receiving diode received signals is weak, so will increase high-gain ones.the amplifier circuit.In common CX20106A, etc PC1373H muon infrared receiving special amplifier circuit. In recent years both amateur or formal products, mostly using infrared receiving he
27、ad finished. The head of infrared receiving product packages generally has two kinds: one kind USES sheet shielding, A kind of plastic packaging. There are three pin, namely the power is (VDD), power negative (GND) and data output (VO or OUT). Infrared receiving head foot arrangement for types varie
28、d, manufacturers instructions. Finished the advantages of infrared receiving head is not in need of sophisticated debugging and shell screen, use rise as a transistor, very convenient. But when used in the infrared receiving attention finished first carrier frequency.Infrared remote common carrier f
29、requency for 38kHz, this is transmitted by using 455kHz TaoZhen to decide. At the launch of crystals were integer frequency, frequency coefficients, so commonly 12, so 455kHz 12 hundredth kHz 38kHz hundredth 379,000. Some remote control system adopts 36kHz, 56kHz, etc, general 40kHz launched by the
30、crystals of oscillation frequency to decide.Infrared remote characteristic is not influence the surrounding environment and does not interfere with other electric equipment. Due to its cannot penetrate walls, so the room can use common household appliance of remote control without mutual interferenc
31、e, Circuit testing is simple, as long as given circuit connection, generally does not need any commissioning can work, Decoding easily, can undertake multiple remote control. Because each manufacturer produces a great deal of infrared remote application-specific integrated circuit, when need press d
32、iagram suo ji. Therefore, the infrared remote now in household appliances, indoor close (less than 10 meters) in the remote control is widely used.Multiple infrared remote control system of infrared emission control buttons, there are many parts general representative of different control function.
33、When pressed a button, correspondingly in the receiver with different output.Receiving the output state can be roughly divided into pulse, level, self-locking and interlock, data five forms. “The pulse output is according to launch“ when the button, the receiver output terminals output corresponding
34、 “effective“, a pulse width 100ms in general. “Level“ refers to the output launch press button, the receiver output corresponding output level “, “effective transmit to loosen the receiver“ level “disappears. This “effective pulse“ and “effective“, may be of high level is low, and may also depend on
35、 the output corresponding static state, such as feet for low, static “high“ for effective, As for the static, “low“ high effective. In most cases, “high“ for effective. “Since the lock“ refers to launch the output of each time you press the button, a receiver output corresponding change, namely orig
36、inally a state for high level into a low level, originally for low level into high level. The output power switch and mute as control etc. Sometimes also called the output form for “invert“. “The interlock“ refers to multiple outputs each output, at the same time only one output. The TV sets of this
37、 case is selected, the other is like the light and sound input speed, etc.“Data“ refers to launch the output some key, use a few output form a binary number, to represent different keystroke.Normally, the receiver except a few data output, but also a “valid“ output data, so the timely to collect dat
38、a. This output form with single-chip microcomputer or are commonly used interface. In addition to the above output form outside, still have a “latch“ and “temporary“ two forms. The so-called “latch“ refers to launch the output signal of each hair, the receiver output corresponding “, “new store unti
39、l you receive signals. “Temporary“ output and the introduction of “level“ output is similar.Remote distance (Remote Control effect of RF Remote Control distance) are the major factors as follows:1, launched in power transmission power: while distance, but great power consumption, easy to generate in
40、terference,2 and receiving the receiver sensitivity, receiving, remote distance increased sensitivity to improve, but easy to cause disturbance maloperation or abuse,3, antenna, using linear antenna, and parallel, remote distance, but occupies a large space, in use the antenna spin, pull can increas
41、e the remote distance,4 and the higher height: antenna, remote farther, but by objective conditions,5 and stop: current use of wireless remote use of UHF band stipulated by the state, the propagation characteristics of approximate linear transmission, light, small, transmitters and receivers diffrac
42、tion between such as walls are blocking will greatly discounted remote distance, if is reinforced concrete walls, due to the absorption effect conductor, radio waves.Considering the design of hardware volume small to be embedded in the remote control, so we chose 20 foot single-chip chip AT89C2051.
43、Below is the introduction of the function.1) AT89C2051 internal structure and performanceAT89C2051 is a byte flash 2K with programmable read-only memory can be erased EEPROM (low voltage, high performance of eight CMOS microcomputer. It adopts ATMEL of high-density non-volatile storage technology ma
44、nufacturing and industrial standard MCS - 51 instruction set and lead. Through the combination of single chip in general CPL1 and flash memory, is a strong ATMEL AT89C2051 microcomputer, its application in many embedded control provides a highly flexible and low cost solutions. The compatible with 8
45、051 AT89C2051 is CHMOS micro controller, the Flash memory capacity for 2KB. And CHMOS 80C51 process, have two kinds of leisure and power saving operation mode. The performance is as follows:8 CUP, 2KB Flash memory,Working voltage range 2.7-6V, 128KB data storage,The static working way: 0-24MHz, 15 r
46、oot input/output line,A programmable serial, 2 a 16-bit timing/counters,There is a slice of inside precision simulation comparator, 5 the interrupt sources, 2 priority.Programmable serial UART channel, Directly LED driver output,The internal structure of AT89C2051 is shown in figure 1.Figure 1 AT89C
47、2051 interior structure2) AT89C2051 chip pin and functionIn order to adapt to the requirement of intelligent instrument, embedded in the chip foot AT89C2051 simplified configuration, as shown in figure b. The major changes to: (1) the lead foot from 20 to 40 wires, (2) increased a simulated comparat
48、or.12345678910 1112131415161718192089C2051RST/VPP(RXD)P3.0(TXD)P3.1XTAL2XTAL1(INT0)P3.2(INT1)P3.3(T0)P3.4(T1)P3.5GNDVCCP1.7P1.6P1.5P1.4P1.3P1.2P1.1(AIN1)P1.0(AIN0)P3.7Diagram b AT89C2051 foot figureAT89C2051 pin function:1 the Vcc: voltage.2: to GND.3 P1 mouth: P1 mouth is an 8-bit two-way I/O port.
49、 P1.2 P1.7 mouth pin the internal resistance provides. P1.0 and P1.1 requirements on the external pull-up resistors. P1.0 and P1.1 also separately as piece inside precision simulation comparator with input (AIN0) and reversed-phase input (AIN1). Output buffer can absorb the P1 mouth 20mA current and can directly LED display driver. When P1 mouth pin into a “1“, can make its input. When the pin P1.2 P1.7 as input and extern