1、1中考英语语法复习-主谓一致概念主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。1.语法或形式一致原则遵循三个原则 2.意义一致原则3.就近一致原则主谓一致是初、高中阶段的重要语法项目之一，从近年中考的试题来看，中考对于主谓一致的考题主要考知识的记忆情况。考查主谓一致的常见题型有单项选择、完形填空、翻译句子、同义句转换、时态填空、单句改错、短文改错等等，尤其要注意书面表达，因为汉语中没有相应的这种谓语动词的变化，所以英语的主谓一致也是困扰广大中国学生的一大心病，很多学生在挥毫泼墨之时，此类错误比比皆是，严重影响文章的水平，考试中必将拉低得分的档次。因此，掌握好主谓一致对于提高英语水平和取得理想
2、成绩都至关重要, 找出句子的真正主语是关键。同时，必须遵循三个原则，下面，我们就来看一下具体情况：1. 语法或形式一致原则(1) 单数名词(代词)、不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；复数名词(代词)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 如：He a tall man. (be)Some bread on the table. (be)The boys playing football. (be)(2) 当 and 或 both.and.连接两个或三个名词(代词)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：（ Both ） Lucy and Lily good students. (be) 注在意义上指同一人、同一事
3、物或同一概念， 谓语动词 用单数，这时 and 后面的名词无冠词。 如：The singer and dancer talking with his students over there. (be)The singer and the dancer talking happily. (be)注and 连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，当 bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Fish and chips always his favorite food. (be)(3) 单数主语后面即使带有 由 with,
4、together with, like, but, except, besides, as well as 等构成的介词短语时，谓语动词仍用单数。介词短语一般不作主语。如：She as well as the other students learned how to type. (have) Mr Green with his children watching TV now. (be)Everyone except Li Lei here when the meeting began. (be)(4) 不定代词 each, another, the other, either, neith
5、er 和由 some, any, no, everyone 或 thing 构成复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Everything ready. (be) (5) every., every.and every., each., each.and each., no and no作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。如：Each boy and (each) girl an apple in their hands. (have)No man and no woman _(like) these shoes.(6) one, every one, each, each one, any
6、one, neither, eitherof复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。如： Each of us a bike. (have)Every one of the students listening to the teacher carefully. (be)注each 作同位语时，谓语动词 与主语保持一致。如We each a pen friend. = We a pen friend each. (have)(7) none 作主语，指人或可数的物，表示数目, 谓语单数复数都可以。如果指不可数名词，表2示量，谓语动词用单数。如： None of them the right size.
7、 (be) Jim has used up all the money. None left. (be) (8) 只有复数形式的名词 (clothes, pants, shoes, shorts, gloves, trousers, glasses, scissors )作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：My trousers new. (be) (9) “数量词+单位词+of+不可数名词或可数名词复数”结构作主语，谓语动词与单位词一致。e.g. This pair of trousers too short for me. (be) Two cups of tea on the table. (
8、be) (10) more than one +单数名 词， “不止一个”，意 义复数，谓语动词用单数。many a +单数名词， “许多”，意义复数， 谓语动词用单数。 one and a half 复数可数名词作主语， 谓语动词一般用单 数。e.g. More than one person hurt in the accident. (be)Many a student playing games on the playground. (be)One and a half apples left on the table. (be) (11) 不定式、动名词或从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单
9、数。e.g. To study hard our job. (be) Swimming good for our health. (be)在 “主系表 ” 结构中，如果以 what 从句作主语，表语又是单数，主句的谓语动词一般用单数；如果表语是复数，主句的谓语动词一般用复数 。What he said true. (be)What his father left him a few English books. (be)注：如果主语是两个(或两个以上 的) 名词性从句， 谓语动词 常用复数。e.g. What he said and what he did always different l
10、ast night . (be) (12) a lot of(lots of, plenty of, most of)名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数 取决于名词。如：There plenty of rain in this area every year. (be) A lot of people swimming in the river at the moment. (be) (13) 百分数(或分数)of名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词。如：Over 70 percent of the earth covered with water. (be) One third of the
11、 workers in the factory women. (be) 注：population 作为整体，谓语动词为单 数；主语指“人口中的一部分 ”时，其 谓语动词为复数。 如 The population of China larger than that of India. (be) 80 percent of the population of China farmers. (be) a number / group of +cn（pl） “许多”谓语动词用复数，the number of +cn（pl） “的数目”，谓语动用单数。e.g. A number of books mis
12、sing from the library. (be) The number of workers in this factory growing. (be) Look! There a group of people over there. What is happening? (be) 在定语从句中，关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中谓语动词与先行词保持一致。one of +n.(pl.)为先行词，从句谓语动词用复数；the only/very/right one of +n.(pl.)为先行词，从句谓语动词用单数。e.g. Jim is one of the students who pr
13、aised. (be) Jim is the only one of the students who praised. (be) 在强调句中，连接代词又在句中作主语， 这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。3e.g. It is Marys brother who hurt in the car accident yesterday.(be) 2. 意义一致原则(1) 集体名词 (family, group, crowd, class, team，government)作主语时，谓语动词要根据主语的意思来决定。如表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数；如表示集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数。如：Our clas
14、s very big. (be) Our class talking about the film. (be) (2) 有生命的 people，police，cattle（家畜） ，youth 等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词一律用复数；但 traffic 等无生命的集体名词 作主语时，谓语动词用 单数。如：How many people there in your family? (be)The traffic very heavy in the morning. (be)注people 当“民族”讲时，有单复数的变化， 谓语动词由它的形式决定。如： The Chinese people a g
15、reat people. (be) There 56 peoples in China. (be) (3) 表示时间、金钱、距离、度量、数学运算等的词或短语作主语，尽管是复数形式，通常被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Ten years passed since Mr Green came to China. (have)Ten dollars enough. (be)What one and two? It three. (be)(4) 以 -s 结尾，而意义为单数的名词或不可数名词(如 news,physics, maths，politics 等), 或专有名词(如 the Unit
16、ed States, the New Times, the United Nations 等)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：It exciting news.(be) 注表示群岛、山脉、瀑布、奥运会 等专有名词被看做复数，谓语也用复数形式 ， e.g. The Olympic Games held every four years. (be)(5) Chinese, French, English, Japanese 等作主语，表示语言，谓语用单数；与 the 连用，表示人，谓语用复数。e.g. English spoken in many countries. (be) The Chines
17、e very friendly. (be) “ the形容词(或分词)” 表示一类人，如：the rich(富人)，the living(活着的人)作主语时，谓语动词用复数；表示抽象事物，谓语动词用单数。e.g. The rich better life than the poor. （have） The new always taking the place of the old. (be) the姓氏复数（=the 姓family）表示一家人或夫妇二人，作主语，谓语动词用复数e.g. The Green family（= The Greens ） getting ready to go o
18、ut. (be) 疑问词作主语，谓语动词通常用 单数。 （以 who, why, how, whether 或 that 引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：Why she did this is not known.） e.g. Who going to speak at the meeting? (be)What on the desk? (be)Look! There are a group of people over there. What happening? (be)注：由 how and why, when and where 引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形
19、式。4How and why he had come to Princeton New Jersey is a story of struggle, success and sadness. 名词性物主代词后的动词单复数，取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。如：Ours (=Our Party) a great party. (be) Your shoes are black, mine (=my shoes) brown. (be) 由“a kind of，this kind of，many kinds of”以及由与 kind 意思相似的 type，sort 等构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词与
20、of 前的名词保持一致。如：A kind of birds been discovered by them.（have）A new type of machines on show now. (be)Many kinds of furniture（家具，不可数） being transported from Beijing to Tianjin. (be) 当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。The Arabian Nights is an interesting book.3. 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的 名词、代词等词的数。(1) there, here 引
21、导的句子如：There a book and two pens on the table. (be)There two pens and a book on the table. (be)Here the bus. (come)(2) or, either.or., neither.nor., not only.but also., not.but .连接两个名词或代词作主语时。如：Either Lily or Lucy to the party. (come)Not only Jim but also his parents to live in China. (want)He or you
22、 taken my pen.(have)走出主谓一致的三大误区“主谓一致 ”最基本的原则是：单数主语用单数谓语动词；复数主语用复数谓语动词。句子的核心是谓语动词，谓语动词形式的确定取决于主语。根据句子含义和结构认准主语是掌握主谓一致的必要条件；弄清主谓一致的语言规则和习惯是掌握主谓一致的充分条件，要正确使用主谓一致，两个条件缺一不可，但同学们往往会走入以下三大误区。误区一 误认主语1. 倒装句Between the two buildings are a big tree. （ ）Between the two buildings is a big tree. （ ）2. 主语之后带有介词短语
23、The fruit like apples, oranges are good for our health. （ ）The fruit like apples, oranges is good for our health. （ ）3. one of . . . + 名词复数或复数代词There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys are from Canada. （ ）There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys is from Canada. （ ）4. 定语从句5I lik
24、e the photos which was taken in Beijing. （ ）I like the photos which were taken in Beijing. （ ）5. each 作主语的同位语时，谓语动词由主语决定。 We each has a dictionary. （ ） We each have a dictionary. （ ）误区二 被主语的表象迷惑1. 看似复数却表单数概念Maths are my favourite subject. （ ） Maths is my favourite subject. （ ）类似的有：physics，news，polit
25、ics . . .2. 看似单数却表复数概念The police is searching for the robbers. （ ）The police are searching for the robbers. （ ）3. 名词的单复数同形There are a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it？ （ ）There is a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it？ （ ）4. 集合名词Their family is very happy. Now
26、their family is watching TV. （ ）Their family is very happy. Now their family are watching TV. （ ）误区三 误用语言规则1. 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、数量等名词作主语Ten years are quite a long time. （ ）Ten years is quite a long time. （ ）2. 由 and 连接的并列主语The twentieth lesson and last lesson are very easy for students. （ ）The twentieth
27、 lesson and last lesson is very easy for students. （ ）3. 就近原则Neither you nor he have been to Beijing. （ ）6Neither you nor he has been to Beijing. （ ）4. this kind of，a piece of，this pair of 等短语作主语This pair of trousers are very new, but Toms trousers are very old. （ ）This pair of trousers is very new,
28、 but Toms trousers are very old. （ ）感悟中考【例 1】(2011 河北) There _ lots of people at the restaurant when I got there.A. is B. was C. are D. were【例 2】(2011 黄岗) -Which would you like, tea or coffee?-Either _ OK, but I prefer coffee _ milk.A. is; with B. is; to C. are; with D. are; to【例 3】(2009 天津) Diana,
29、together with her friends, _ Chinese in China.A. study B. have studied C. studies D. are studying【例 4】(2009 河南) The zoo keeper is worried because the number of visitors_ smaller and smaller.A. become B. became C. is becoming D. have become【例 5】(2010 安徽) How much _ the pair of shoes? Twenty dollars _
30、 enough.A. is; is B. is; are C. are; is D. are; are【例 6】(2009 宁夏) The woman behind the girls _ a famous actress.A. is B. are C. have D. has【例 7】 （2009 齐齐哈尔）-Which is more useful, listening or speaking?- I think of them are useful. A. none B. both C. all【例 8】 （2009 齐齐哈尔）This is my twin sister, Lucy.
31、Not only she but also I good at drawing. A. is B. am C. are领悟语法. 用动词 be 或 have 的适当形式填空1. Every student got a book.2. The number of students in the school now rising. 3. A number of boys playing basketball at the moment. 4. There something else in the desk. 5. Tom, together with his mother, gone to N
32、ew York. 6. The teacher with two students playing sports.7. This pair of trousers made by my aunt last year.8. Five months a long time to wait. 9. Here some books.10. To clean the room your duty. . 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空1. When I got there, they each (read) a book.2. Neither of us (like) the storybook.3. E
33、veryone except me (go) to the cinema tonight. 74. A football team often (have) eleven players.5. No one but my parents (know) the truth.6. Jims family (enjoy) watching TV after supper.7. What you said (be) quite useful to us.8. Look! The class (do) morning exercises on the playground.9. Twenty years
34、 (have) passed since he left his hometown.10. Three glasses of milk (be) enough for us. 11. Either you or he _(be) a teacher.12. Not only Li Lei but also Jack _(enjoy) playing football very much.13. Both Lucy and Lily _ _ (be) from the USA.14. Every boy and girl _(wear) the school uniform today.15.
35、Jim with his parents often _(take) a walk in the park after dinner.16. The number of students in this school _(be) about 800.17. Two fifths of the apple _(eat) up by the mouse already.18. Ten dollars _(be) not enough for me to buy a skirt.19. Mr. Zhang as well as his two sons _(watch) TV together at
36、 this moment.20. The young _(play) video games a lot on Sundays.21. There _(come) the bus.22. At the top of the hill _(stand) an old temple.23. There _(be) a boy and three girls in the classroom now. . 单项选择( )1. There _more cars now in our country.(2011 广西)A. have B. are C. is D. has( )2. Linda, wit
37、h her parents, _ the Wolf Hill, and they will be back this afternoon.（2011 南通） A. has gone to B. have gone to C. has been to D. have been to( )3. How much is the pair of shoes? Twenty dollars _ enough.(2011 广安)A. is B. are C. am ( )4. Physics _ more difficult than Chinese, do you think so?Yes, I thi
38、nk so.(2011 德阳) A. is B. are C. has( )5. _ Lily _ Lucy is going with you because one of them must stay at home.(2011 乌鲁木齐) A. Not only；but also B. Neither; nor C. Both; and D. Either; or( )6. Each of the girls here _ to the West Lake twice. (2011 四川)A. have gone B. have been C. has gone D. has been(
39、 )7. One of my friends _moved to America. I miss her so much. (2011 衢州)A. has B. have C. is D. are ( )8. The number of books in the bookshop is 10,000 and a number of them _ about science. A. is B. was C. are D. were (2011 绵阳)( )9. This is my twin sister, Lucy. Both she and I _ good at drawing. A. a
40、m B. is C. are D. be( )10. No one _ swimming in such bad weather. A. like B. likes C. liking D. liked( ) 11. No one except two students _ the meeting.A. has been late for B. have been late for C. was late for D. were late for( ) 12. All but him and me _ to the exhibition.A. am going B. is going C. a
41、re going D. was going( ) 13. A number of cars _ in front of the park8A. is parked B. was parked C. are parked D. has parked（ ）14. Neither Tom nor his parents _ at home. A. is B. are C. has D. was（ ）15. _ was wrong.A. Not the teacher but the students B. Both the students and the teacherC. Neither the
42、 teacher not the students D. Not the students but the teacher（ ）16. Three hours _ enough for us to finish the task. A. are B. has C. is D. were（ ）17. Mary is one of the girls who _ always on time. A. is B. am C. are D. was（ ）18. (1) The students in our school each _ an English dictionary. (2) Each o
43、f the students in our school _ an English dictionary. A. are having B. had C. has D. have （ ）19.To play basketball and to go swimming useful for character-training. A. was B. is C. are D. were （ ）20. (1) Many students _ that mistake before. (2) Many a student _ that mistake before. A. had made B. ha
44、s been made C. have made D. has made （ ）21. The rest of the novel very interesting. A. were B. are C. is D. seem （ ）22.The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. A. was B. were C. had been D. would be（ ）23.There _ some milk in the glass. A. is
45、B. are C. be D. has（ ）24. How time flies! Three years _ really a short time.A. is B. are C. was D. were（ ）25. The population of China _ larger than that of the USA. A.will be B.are C. is D.was （ ）26. Deer _ faster than dogs. A. will run B. are running C. runs D. run （ ）27. This pair of trousers _ my
46、 sister. My trousers _. A. is belong to; is being washed B. belongs to; are being washed C. belong to; is washed D. are belonging to; has been washed ( ) 28. What I want _ an interesting book while what he wants _ two cups of coffee. A. is; are B. are; is C. is; is D. are; are ( ) 29. The reading room _ very quiet. I enjoy reading books there.A. am B. is C. are D. be( ) 30. In our school library, there _ a number of books on science and the number of them _ growing larger
