1、河北大学2005 年博士入学考试题二、Structure and Vocabulary （20points）Direction：In each question decide which of the four choices given below will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.1.When workers are organized in trade unions，emplo
2、yers find it hard lay them_A. Off B. aside C. out D. down2. A man who could _such treatment was a man of remarkable physical courage and moral strengthA.bear upon B. insist on C. stand up to D. persist in3. If this method doesnt _, we shall have to think of another way.A. come off B. come about C. c
3、ome out D. come on4.The_ of a chemical compound when brought into contact with another gives us clues to its composition.A .deed B. behavior C. characteristics D. correspondence5. The chairman of the committee was delighted by the almost full _of its members at the conference.A. dependence B. absenc
4、e C. attendance D. enrollment 6. The police are supposed to protect the people and their properties, _evil conducts, guide traffic and so on.A. suppress B. depress C. frustrate D. condemn 7. John was proved innocent, for it was just a (n) _to have found him on the murder spot.A. coincidence B. accid
5、ent C. occasion D. incident 8. Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will _will down the economy.A. knock B. drag C. settle D. put9.It would have taken hours to work the sum out, so I_ my pocket calculatorA.turned over B. turned to C. turned in D. turned o
6、ut 10.The founding of the United Nations _peoples longing for peace.A.declared B. announced C. manifested D. implied11.The plan was _when it was discovered just know much the scheme would cost.A.released B. desert C. resigned D. abandoned 12.Now and then I saw the captain _the horizon for approachin
7、g ships.A.scanning B. scrutinizing C. exploring D. sweeping 13.Some economical people take food tins with them and carry the _of the dinner home after a meal in a restaurant.A.remains B. remainder C. left-over D. rest 14.These classical literary works are _of his originality as a writer.A.exemption
8、B. exemplification C. examination D. execution 15. The neighbors do not consider him quite _as most evenings he awakes them with his drunken singing.A.respectful B. respected C. respectable D. respective16. “They had a quarrel with my brother yesterday” “_come?”A.What B. How C. Why D. Where 17. We r
9、esumed our work after the break with _energy.A. relieved B. refined C. renewed D. reinforced 18.The shop lifter ran into the crow and _from the sight of policemen.A. vanished B. escaped C. melted D. periled 19.Last year, the West European States had a _to talk about the political union.A. convention
10、 B. congress C. assembly D. conference 20.There exists in the United States at this time a powerful group of persons who are specializing in _of crime on an organized scale.A. quest B. thirst C. hunter D. excess 三、Reading Comprehension (15points)Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by
11、some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneWe all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep alternately with some 16-17 hours wak
12、efulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.The question is no mere academic one. The case. For example ,with which people can change from working in the day to work
13、ing at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls insistently for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from fives days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping. during the day and working at night.
14、Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shift are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a. m. one week. 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to anoth
15、er, so that much of his time is spend neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.One answer would seem to be longer periods on each shift, a month, or even three months. Recent research by Bonjer of the Netherlands, however, has shown that people on such systems will revert to their normal habits
16、 of sleep and wakefulness during the weekend and that this is quite enough to destroy any adaptation to night work built up during the week.The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a corps of permanent night workers whose nocturnal(夜间发生的)wakefulness may persist through al
17、l weekends and holidays. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown. She found a night incidence of disturbed sleep, digestive disorder and domestic disruption among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of the
18、se symptoms among those on permanent night work.21.Why is the question” no mere academic one?”A. Because Bonjers findings are different from Browns.B. Because sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.C. Because some people can change their sleeping habits easily.D.Because shift work in in
19、dustry requires people to change their sleeping habits.22.According to the passage , the main problem about night work is that_.A.people hate the inconvenience of working on night shiftsB.your life is disturbed by changing from day to night routines and backC.not all industries work at the same hour
20、sD.it is difficult to find a corps of good night workers23.According to the passage, the best solution to the problem seems to be_.A.not to change shifts from one week to the nextB.to make periods on each shifts longerC.to employ people who will always work at nightD.to find ways of selecting people
21、 who adapt quickly24.In Paragraph2.”the third” means_.A. the third week B. the third shift C. a third of the time D. the third routine25.In the last sentence of Pragraph2, “another” means_.A. another routine B. another shift C. another week D. another person Passage TwoMan has become master of the e
22、arths surface. He is constantly probing into the earths depths and into the atmospheres upper reaches. Yet it is doubtful whether man, with all of its intelligence and forcefulness, hold his planetary seat with greater assurance than a vast tribe of small, many legged animals that pass their lives a
23、t his feet spiders.Spiders are among the marvels of science. They dwell at higher altitudes than any other creature of their size or larger. On the mountain sides of Mount Everest, at an altitude of twenty-two thousand feet -five hundred feet above the vegetation line-lives a species of black spider
24、 only a quarter of an inch long. This is an incredible environment for creatures so delicately constructed. To protect themselves from the cold of night, they take shelter in openings where the twenty-four-hour variation in temperature is only twelve degrees, as against forty-four on the outside.Spi
25、ders inhabit other unlikely places-rabbit burrows, flowers, anthills, and the deserted nests of eagles. They have been found soaring through the air five miles above the earth. One species has been discovered in an African cavern more than two thousand feet underground.26.The author thinks that spid
26、ers.A.rival man as master of the earthB.are as firmly established on the earth than manC.are more forceful than manD.are more firmly established on the earth than man27.The writer is amazed by the black spiders_.A.delicate constructionB.ability to live in such varied environments C.unusual intellige
27、nceD.ability to withstand extreme cold28.Spiders “hold their planetary seat with assurance” because they are_.A.more numerous than any other species B.able to adapt to hostile environmentsC.master of the earths surfaceD.all of the above29.The species of black spiders discovered on Mount Hverest is_.
28、A.the smallest species of spidersB.the highest-altitude dweller among creatures of that size or largerC.the only creatures that lives at that altitude D.capable of surviving in any environment30.From this passage, we may conclude that_A.spiders have adapted to many unlikely environmentsB.on the whol
29、e spiders are delicate creaturesC.a species of black spiders can live anywhereD.spiders are the greatest marvel of natural science Passage ThreeDuring the past few years, scientists the world over have suddenly found themselves productively engaged in task they once spent their lives avoiding-writin
30、g and kind of writing, but particularly letter writing. Encourage by electronic mails surprising high speed, convenience and economy, people who never before touched the stuff are regularly, skillfully, even cheerfully tapping out a great deal of correspondence.Electronic networks, woven into the fa
31、bric of scientific communication these days, are the route to colleagues in distant countries, shared date, bulletin boards and electronic journals. Any one with a personal computer, a modern and the software to link computers over telephone lines can sign on. An estimated five million scientists ha
32、ve done so with more joining every day, most of them communicating though a bundle of interconnected domestic and foreign routes known collectively as the Internet, or net.E-mail is starting to edge out the fax, the telephone, overnight mail and of course, land mail, It shrinks time and distance bet
33、ween scientific collaborators, in part because it is conveniently asynchronous(异步的)(writers can type while their colleagues across time zones sleep; their message will be waiting). If it is yet speeding discoveries, it is certainly accelerating communication.Jeremy Bernstein. The physicist and scien
34、ce writer, once called E-mail the physicists virtues. Physicist are using it; college students are using it, everybody is using it, and as a sign that it has come of age, the New Yorker has celebrated its liberating presence with a cartoon- an appreciative dog seated at a keyboard, saying happily, “
35、On the Internet, nobody knows youre a dog.”31.The reason given below about the popularity of E-mail can be found in the passage except_.A. direct and reliable B. time-saving in delivery C. money-saving D. available at any time32.How is the Internet or net explained in the passage?A.Electronic routes
36、 used to read home and international journals.B.Electronic routes used to fax or correspond overnight.C.Electronic routes waiting for correspondence while one is sleeping.D.Electronic routines connected among millions of users, home and abroad.33.What does the sentence “If is it not yet speeding dis
37、coveries, it is certainly accelerating communication” most probably mean?A.The quick speed of correspondence may have ill-effects on discoveries.B.Although it does not speed up correspondence, it helps make discoveries.C.It quickens mutual communication even if it does not accelerate discoveries.D.I
38、t shrinks time for communication and accelerates discoveries.34.What does the sentence “On the Internet, nobody knows youre a dog,” imply in the last paragraph?A.Even dogs are interested in the computer.B.E-mail has become very popular.C.Dogs are liberated from their usual duties.D.E-mail deprives d
39、ogs of their owners love.35.What will happen to fax, land mail, overnight mail, etc. according to the writer?A.Their functions cannot be replaced by E-mail.B.They will co-exist with E-mail for a long time.C.Less and less people will use them.D.They will play a supplementary function to E-mail.四、Tran
40、slate the following passage into Chinese (10 points)The clusters of graceful palms, reflected deep in the placid expanse of the backwater, were silhouetted inky black against the sunset sky, aflame with clouds that were the color of gold and fire, and blood.A slow breeze caused gentle ripples in the
41、 otherwise mirror like perfection of the island sea. The distant melodies of a fishermans flutenow a clear, shrill bird-like note, now a mere whisperseemed to enhance, rather than shatter, the all-pervading stillness.五、Writing（15 points）Direction：For this part, you are asked to write a composition on the topic How to Keep Balance between Economic Development and Environmental Protection You should write at least 200 words.How to Keep Balance between Economic Development and Environmental Protection
