1、高举邓小平理论的伟大旗帜 hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory 改革开放和现代化建设的总设计师 the chief architect of Chinas reform, opening and modernization drive 沿着有中国特色的社会主义道理阔步前进 take great strides along the road to socialism with Chinese characteristics 以经济建设为中心 take economic construction as the central task
2、 中共十五大 the 15th National Congress of the CPC 提高综合国力 improve the overall national strength ( the overall strength of the country) 振兴中华 the rejuvenation (revitalization) of the Chinese nation 小康水平 the living standards of a fairly comfortable life; a relatively comfortable standard of living 人均国民生产总值达到
3、中等发达国家水平 the average per-capita GNP will reach the standard of moderately developed countries 加强物质文明和精神文明的建设 foster both material progress and cultural and ethical (cultural and ideological) progress 发扬优良传统 carry forward the find traditions 艰苦创业的精神 the hardworking and enterprising spirit 反对铺张浪费 oppo
4、se/combat extravagance and waste 推进政府机构改革 restructure government institutions 精简各级政府机构 streamline government departments at all levels 国家公务员制度 the system of public services 公务员 public servants; civil servants 乱收费、乱集资、乱摊派 arbitrary collection of charges, abuse of fund-raising and unchecked apportionm
5、ent 打破地区封锁和行业垄断 break regional blockades and trade monopolies 纠正行业不正之风 rectify malpractice in various trades 人才 competent people; trained personnel; experts; specialists 培养跨世纪人才 bring up (foster)cross-century (trans-century) specialists 智囊团，思想库 the brain trust (think bank) 人才市场 the personnel market
6、劳务招聘会 a labor fair; a job fair 劳务输出 export of labor services 促进富余人员合理流动 promote a rational flow of surplus personnel 就职前及在职培训 per-employment and on-the-job (in-service) training 分流下岗人员争取再就业 redirect laid-off workers for re-employment 脱贫致富 cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out a road to prosper
7、ity 扶贫、脱贫 poverty reduction and elimination 消除两极分化、最终达到共同富裕 eliminate polarization and ultimately achieve common prosperity 扩大/缩小地区发展差距 widen/narrow the gap/disparity between regions/ localities in terms of development 支援灾区（灾民） ；救灾 provide relief to disaster-stricken areas (people) 解困基金 anti-poverty
8、 funds 解决他们的温饱问题 provide them with adequate food and clothing 科技是第一生产力 science and technology constitute the primary productive force 科教兴国战略 the strategy of revitalizing (invigorating) China through science and education 加速科技成果商品化、产业化进程 accelerate the commercialization and industrialization of scien
9、tific and technological achievements 达到或接近国际先进水平 reach or approach advanced international standards 赶上或超过国际先进水平 catch up with or even surpass advanced world levels 与国际接轨 be geared to international standards; be brought in line with international practice (norms) 发展畜牧业、养殖业、林业 develop animal husbandry
10、 (livestock farming), aquaculture and forestry 商品粮基地 a commodity grain production base “菜篮子”工程 the “shopping basket” project (programme) 不准打白条 No illegitimate promissory notes (IOUs) 促进住房商品化 promote the commercialization of housing 取消福利分房 abolish the welfare-oriented distribution (allocation) of pub
11、lic housing 人均住房 per-capita housing 商品房空置的现象 the vacancy problem in commercial housing 各族人民 people of all nationalities (all ethnic groups) 计划生育 family planning (birth control) 育龄夫妇 couples of child-bearing age 妇幼保健 maternity and child care 加强优生、优育 improve prenatal and postnatal care 重视老龄化问题 attach
12、great importance to the problem of population aging 发展文学艺术、新闻出版、广播影视 develop literature, the arts, the press, publications, radio, film and television;promote literature and art, the press and publishing, radio, film and television 精兵之路 fewer but better troops 国防科技 defense-related science and techno
13、logy 拥军优属 preferential treatment for families of servicemen and martyrs. 第一/第二/第三产业 the primary/ secondary/ tertiary industry (the service sector) 国内/国民生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product)/ GNP (Gross National Product) 技术/劳动/资本/知识密集型产业 technology-intensive/ labor-intensive/ capital-intensive/ knowledge
14、-intensive industries 经济体制改革 economic restructuring 经济转轨 switch to a market economy 经济市场化/私有化 the marketization/ privatization of the economy 使经济进一步市场化 make the economy more market-oriented 经济发展全球化的趋势 the globalization trend in economic development 对大中型国营企业进行公司制改革 to incorporate large and medium-siz
15、ed State-owned enterprises 股份制 the joint stock system 股份合作制 the joint stock cooperative system 谁控股？ Who holds the controlling shares? 支持强强联合，实现优势互补 support association between strong enterprises so that they can take advantage of each others strengths 鼓励兼并，规范破产 encourage mergers and standardize bank
16、ruptcy procedures 改进产业结构和产品结构 improve the industrial pattern and product mix 振兴支柱产业 invigorate pillar industries 发展新兴产业和高技术产业 develop rising and high-tech industries 推进国民经济信息化 try to informationize the national economy 积极培育新的经济增长点 actively cultivate new points of economic growth 外向型经济/城市 an export-o
17、riented economy/ a foreign-oriented city, an international city 经济技术开发区 an economic and technological development zone 经济特区 a special economic zone 采取市场多元化战略 adopt the strategy of a multi-outlet market 刺激内需 stimulate domestic demand 保持良好的增长势头 maintain the healthy (good) momentum of growth 由于资源不足，必须实
18、施可持续发展战略 We must adopt the strategy of sustainable development owing to the limited resources. 防止经济过热 prevent an overheated economy (overheating of the economy) 经济萎缩/起飞/兴旺 an economic depression (slump, recession)/ an economic take-off/ an economic boom 遏制通货膨胀 curb (check, curtail) the inflation 执行通
19、货紧缩政策 pursue a deflationary policy (the policy of deflation) 防止国有资产流失 prevent the loss (devaluation) of State assets 避免“小而全”的重复建设 avoid duplicate (duplicated, overlapping) construction of “small and all-inclusive projects” 规模经济 economy of scale 减轻就业压力 to ease the pressure of unemployment (the employ
20、ment pressure) 防止泡沫经济 avoid a bubble economy (too many bubbles in the economy) 政企分开 separate administrative functions from enterprise management separate administration from management 厂长（经理）负责制 the factory director (manager) responsibility system 实行董事会领导下的总经理负责制 practice the system of the director-
21、general responsibility under the leadership of board of directors (BOD) 使大中型国营企业摆脱困境 extricate (free) the large and medium-sized State-owned enterprises from their predicament 技术更新/改造 technological updating/ renovation 跨地区、跨行业的企业 trans-regional and inter-trade enterprises 发展乡镇企业 expand (village and)
22、 township industries; develop rural industry 办经济实体 run economic entities 发展企业集团 develop conglomerates (enterprise groups) 关闭产品没有销路的企业 shut down (close down)the enterprises whose products have no market 亏损企业 money-losing (debt-ridden, loss-making, unprofitable) enterprises; enterprises that operate a
23、t a loss 扭亏为赢（盈） turn losses into profits 减员增效 increase efficiency by downsizing (reducing/cutting) the staff 增强竞争力 enhance (increase, sharpen) the competitiveness (the competitive ability) 放开粮食价格 to free (liberalize, decontrol, life the control over) the grain prices 从事个体和私人经济 become self-employed
24、or work in the private sectors of the economy 个体户 self-employed households/people 个体工商业者 individual industrialists and businessmen 私人企业 private enterprises (companies, firms, businesses) 外资企业 foreign-invested (foreign-funded, foreign-financed, foreign-owned) enterprises 外商独资企业 wholly (solely) foreig
25、n-owned enterprises 中外合资企业 100 强 the top 100 Sino-foreign (Chinese-foreign) joint ventures 摩托罗拉是一个跨国公司 Motorola is a transnational corporation (a transnational, a multinational corporation, a multinational). 有限责任公司 limited-liability companies 母公司/子公司/分公司/办事处 the parent company/subsidiary/branch/repr
26、esentative office 全面投产（开工） go into (enter) full operation; be fully operational 获薄利 earn (make) narrow profits 获厚利 earn (make, reap) substantial profits 产量比 1997 年增长了 2 倍 The output has increased 3 times (registered a 3-fold increase; increased 200%) compared with 1997. 总产值创历史最高记录 Total output value
27、 hit a record high (an all-time high). 生活/物价指数 the cost of living index/the price index 扣除通货膨胀因素后的人均实际年收入 the annual per-capita income in real terms (allowing for inflation) 连续五年丰收 bumper harvests for five consecutive years (for five years in a row; for five years running; for five years on end; for
28、 the fifth consecutive year) 名牌产品 famous-brand products, brand-named products 精品 top quality articles 拳头产品 competitive products/ flagship products 创汇产品 foreign exchange (hard-currency ) earning exports 畅销货 marketable products; products with a good market; commodities in short supply; goods in great
29、demand 滞销货 unmarketable (unsalable, poor-selling) products 发优惠券以促销 issue discount shopping coupons to promote sales 有高附加值的高新技术产品 high and new technology products with high added value 售后服务 after-sale services 基础设施工程第一期 the first phase (stage) of the infrastructure project 两位数的增长率 two-digit growth 金融
30、机构 financial institutions 商业银行 commercial banks 发行股票、债券 issue shares and bonds 融资 financing ; fund-raising 增加财政收入 increase the State tax revenue (fiscal revenue) 缺少流动资金 a shortage of circulating funds (floating capital) 东南亚金融危机 the southeast Asian financial crisis (turmoil) 人民币对美元汇率稳定 the stability
31、of the RMB exchange rate against the USD 人民币贬值的压力 the depreciation (devaluation) pressure on the RMB 最终将实现人民币自由兑换 The free convertibility of the RMB will eventually be instituted. (The RMB will finally become a convertible currency.) 与美元联系汇率制 the system of pegging the currency to the USD 美元对日圆稳步升值 T
32、he USD appreciated steadily against the Japanese yen. 呆帐与坏帐 stagnant debts and bad debts; non-performing funds 欧元/欧元区 the Euro/Euroland 依法收税 levy taxes according to law 加强税收政策 tighten tax collection 增值税 the value-added tax (VAT) 个人所得税 individual income tax 出口退税 refunding export taxes 保护性关税 protectiv
33、e tariffs 反倾销 anti-dumping 补贴与反补贴措施 subsidies and countervailing measures 上海证券交易所 the Shanghai Securities Exchange 股市指数 the stock market (exchange) indexes 股票热降温了 the stock craze has abated 期货市场/交易 the futures market/ transactions 有价证券投资 portfolio investment 牛市/熊市 a bull/bear market 股票指数突破 1,300 点大关
34、 The stock index broke the 1,300-point mark. 当日指数以 1,120 点收盘 The index closed (finished, ended) at 1,120 on that day. 该公司的股票已上市 The stocks of the company have been listed. ( have gone public, have been launched) 拥有至少 50%的股份 hold a minimum of 50 percent of the equity 一蹶不振的 B 股股市 a sluggish B-share ma
35、rket 综合指数停止下滑，上升 28 点，达到 671 点 The composite index stopped the declining momentum, gaining 28 points to 671. 道琼斯工业平均指数飙升至 9,850 点 The Dow Jones industrial average soared to 9,850 points. （香港）恒生指数宽幅震荡 The Hang Seng Index fluctuated violently. 日经指数跌至今年最低点 The Nikkei Index fell to a record low for the
36、year. 农村/城市信用合作社 rural/ urban credit cooperatives 股民 shareholders; stockholders 国库券 state treasury bonds; treasury bills 市场疲软 a(n) slack (sluggish, inactive, sagging) market 市场火旺 a(n) brisk (flourishing, active) market 买方/卖方市场 the buyers /sellers market 报价 quote a price; give a quotation 招商 invite i
37、nvestment 吸引外资 attract foreign capital; lure overseas funds 投资热点 a popular investment spot; a hot destination for investment; an investment hot spot 固定资本投资 investment in fixed assets 基础设施和基础工业投资 investment in infrastructure and basic industries 国际游资 hot money from abroad 招标/投标/中标 invite tenders (bid
38、s)/ submit a tender/ win(get) the tender 对外资企业有优惠政策 have preferential policies for (give favorable treatment to) foreign-owned companies 给外国公司国民待遇 grant the national treatment to foreign companies 贸易顺差/贸易逆差 a trade surplus/ deficit 年营业额 the annual business volume (turnover) 贸易伙伴 a trade (trading) pa
39、rtner 进出口许可证制度 the import and export license system 改善出口商品结构 improve the export product mix 美国减少中国纺织品的进口配额 the American reduction in import quota for Chinas textiles 出口总额达到 150 亿美元 the total export volume (value) reached US$ 15 billion 增强市场竞争力 enhance ones market competitiveness 激烈的竞争 the stiff (int
40、ense, fierce, cut-throat, intensifying) competition (rivalry) 双边/多边贸易谈判 bilateral/ multi-lateral trade negotiation 世界贸易自由化 to liberalize world trade 给中国最惠国待遇 give China the MFN (most-favored nation treatment/status) 正常贸易关系 normal trade relations 保税商品/仓库/区 the bonded goods/ warehouses/zone 土地批租 land
41、lease 出口创汇 export for earning foreign exchange 金桥出口加工区 the Jinqiao Export Processing Zone 按揭购房 buy an apartment on a mortgage 商标是我们公司的无形资产 The trademark is our companys intangible/invisible asset. 外国公司抢注中国名牌 the rush registration by overseas companies of famous Chinese brand names 增加销售网点 increase th
42、e sales outlets 独家经销代理 exclusive selling agency 5%的回扣 a 5 percent kickback (sales commission) 直销员 a door-to-door salesman 非法传销 illegal pyramid selling 倒爷 profiteers; speculators 抢购 panic buying 中介人 an intermediary (organ) 展销会 the Exhibition and Fair 展览厅里的 800 个展台 800 booths in the exhibition hall 反腐
43、败斗争 the fight against corruption; an anti-corruption campaign 推进廉政建设 promote a clean government 根据党纪国法予以惩罚 be punished according to Party discipline and state laws 贪污受贿大案 major graft (embezzlement) and bribery cases 索贿受贿 solicit and accept bribes 权钱交易 strike deals between power and money 偷/逃/骗税 tax
44、dodge/ evasion/ fraud 打击资本外逃和走私 the crackdown on capital flight and smuggling 铲除黄、赌、毒（吸毒和贩毒）等社会恶习 eradicate (wipe out) such social evils as pornography, gambling and drug abuse and trafficking 扫黄打非 eliminate pornography and other illegal publications 性骚扰 sexual harassment 吸毒者 a drug abuser 戒毒所/班 a d
45、rug rehabilitation center/ course 整顿音像工作 straighten out irregularities in the audiovisual industry 没收 21,000 件盗版激光唱盘、可视激光唱盘、镭射影碟和录像带 confiscate 21,000 CDs (compact disks), VCDs (video compact disks), LDs (laser disks) and videotapes 侵权的镭射影碟 laser disks that infringed copyright 打击生产和销售伪劣产品等非法活动 crack
46、 down on such illegal acts as manufacturing and marketing fake (counterfeit) or shoddy goods 不准强迫下属单位为自己购买豪华车 be prohibited from forcing the subordinate unit to buy a luxury car for oneself 洗钱 money laundering; laundering transactions 在选举中收买选票 vote-buying at the election 纪律检查委员会 the disciplinary ins
47、pection committee 监察机构 a supervisory organ/ department 武警、公安和国家安全部门 armed police and public and state security departments 身穿迷彩装 wear camouflage uniforms 承担法律责任 bear the legal liability (responsibility) 被判六年监禁、剥夺政治权利两年 be sentenced to six years imprisonment with deprivation of the political rights f
48、or two additional years 头号通缉犯 the most wanted man 他在服刑 He is serving out his sentence. 绝食抗议 go on a hunger strike 保外就医 be released on a bail for medical treatment (on a medical parole) 精神文明建设 (promote) cultural and ethical progress 发扬正气 encourage healthy trends 制止不良倾向 check the unhealthy/evil tendency 形成良好的社会风尚 create a society with high ethical standards; foster healthy social conduct 纠正不正之风 to correct unhealthy practices (tendencies) 向
