1、学英语简单吗？肯定会有许多学生说：“难死了” 。为什么有好多学生对英语的学习都感到头疼呢？答案只有一个：“不得法。” 英语与汉语一样都是一种语言，为什么你说汉语会如此流利？那是因为你置身于一个汉语环境中，如果你在伦敦呆上半年，保准说起英语来会非常流利。但很多中学生没有很好的英语环境，那么你可以自己设置一个英语环境，坚持“多说”、“多听”、“多读”、“多写”，那么你的英语成绩肯定会很出色。 一、多“说”。 自己多创造机会与英语教师多讲英语，见了同学，尤其是和好朋友在一起时尽量用英语去问候，谈心情这时候你需随身携带一个英汉互译小词典，遇到生词时查一下这些生词，也不用刻意去记，用的多了，这个单词自然
2、而然就会记住。千万别把学英语当成负担，始终把它当成一件有趣的事情去做。 或许你有机会碰上外国人，你应大胆地上去跟他打招呼，和他谈天气、谈风景、谈学校只是别问及他的年纪，婚史等私人问题。尽量用一些你学过的词汇，句子去和他谈天说地。不久你会发现与老外聊天要比你与中国人谈英语容易的多。因为他和你交谈时会用许多简单词汇，而且不太看重说法，你只要发音准确，准能顺利地交流下去。只是你必须要有信心，敢于表达自己的思想。 如果没有合适的伙伴也没关系，你可以拿过一本书或其它什么东西做假想对象，对它谈你一天的所见所闻，谈你的快乐，你的悲伤等等，长此坚持下去你的口语肯定会有较大的提高。 二、多“听” 寻找一切可以听
3、英语的机会。别人用英语交谈时，你应该大胆地去参与，多听听各种各样人的发音，男女老少，节奏快的慢的你都应该接触到，如果这样的机会少的话，你可以选择你不知内容的文章去听，这将会对你帮助很大，而你去听学过的课文的磁带，那将会对你的语言语调的学习有很大的帮助。 三、多“读”。 “读”可以分为两种。一种是“默读”。每天给予一定时间的练习将会对你提高阅读速度有很大的好处，读的内容可以是你的课本，但最好是一些有趣的小读物，因为现在的英语高考越来越重视阅读量和阅读速度。每道题的得分都与你的理解程度有很大关系，所以经过高中三年阅读的训练后，你必定会在高考中胜券在握。 另一种是“朗读”这是学语言必不可少的一种学习
4、途径。 四、多“写” 有的同学总是抱怨时间紧，根本没时间写作文。其实“写”的形式很多，不一定就写作文才提高写作能力。比如写下你一天中发生的一些重要的事情，或当天学了某一个词组，你可以创设一个语境恰如其份地用上这个词。这样即可帮你记住这个词的用法，又可以锻炼你的写作能力，比如学“wish”一词时，可写一小段如下： The teacher often asks us what we want to be in the future.My good friend Tom wishes to be a soldier.However,Im different .I wish I were a teac
5、her in the future.But my mother wishes me to be a doctor. 只几句话：但 wish 的几种用法已跃然纸上，这样写下来印象会深刻得多，这样比死记硬背wish 的用法也有趣轻松的多。 学习英语不用花大块的时间，10 分钟的散步可以练“说“,吃完饭后可以读一会儿英语小说，睡前听几分钟英语，可以使你得到更好地休息只要你每天抽出一些时间来练英语，你的英语成绩肯定会很快提高的。 背英语单词技巧 1、循环记忆法 艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线 人的大脑是一个记忆的宝库，人脑经历过的事物，思考过的问题，体验过的情感和情绪，练习过的动作，都可以成为人们记忆的内容。例如英
6、文的学习中单词、短语和句子，甚至文章的内容都是通过记忆完成的。从“记“到“忆“是有个过程的，这其中包括了识记、保持、再认和回忆。有很多 人在学习英语的过程中，只注重了学习当时的记忆效果，孰不知，要想做好学习的记忆工作，是要下一番工夫的，单纯的注重当时的记忆效果，而忽视了后期的保持和再认同样是达不到良好的效果的。 在信息的处理上，记忆是对输入信息的编码、贮存和提取的过程，从信息处理的角度上，英文的第一次学习和背诵只是一个输入编码的过程。人的记忆的能力从生理上讲是十分惊人的，它可以存贮 1015 比特(byte，字节)的信息，可是每个人的记忆宝库被挖掘的只占10%，还有更多的记忆发挥空间。这是因为
7、，有些人只关注了记忆的当时效果，却忽视了记忆中的更大的问题-即记忆的牢固度问题，那就牵涉到心理学中常说的关于记忆遗忘的规律。 一、艾宾浩斯记忆规律曲线解释 德国有一位著名的心理学家名叫艾宾浩斯(Hermann Ebbinghaus，1850-1909)，他在 1885年发表了他的实验报告后，记忆研究就成了心理学中被研究最多的领域之一，而艾宾浩斯正是发现记忆遗忘规律的第一人。 根据我们所知道的，记忆的保持在时间上是不同的，有短时的记忆和长时的记忆两种。而我们平时的记忆的过程是这样的： 输入的信息在经过人的注意过程的学习后，便成为了人的短时的记忆，但是如果不经过及时的复习，这些记住过的东西就会遗忘
8、，而经过了及时的复习，这些短时的记忆就会成为了人的一种长时的记忆，从而在大脑中保持着很长的时间。那么，对于我们来讲，怎样才叫做遗忘呢，所谓遗忘就是我们对于曾经记忆过的东西不能再认起来，也不能回忆起来，或者是错误的再认和错误的回忆，这些都是遗忘。艾宾浩斯在做这个实验的时候是拿自己作为测试对象的，他得出了一些关于记忆的结论。他选用了一些根本没有意义的音节，也就是那些不能拼出单词来的众多字母的组合，比如 asww，cfhhj，ijikmb，rfyjbc 等等。他经过对自己的测试，得到了一些数据。 然后，艾宾浩斯又根据了这些点描绘出了一条曲线，这就是非常有名的揭示遗忘规律的曲线：艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线，图中
9、竖轴表示学习中记住的知识数量，横轴表示时间(天数)，曲线表示记忆量变化的规律。 这条曲线告诉人们在学习中的遗忘是有规律的，遗忘的进程不是均衡的，不是固定的一天丢掉几个，转天又丢几个的，而是在记忆的最初阶段遗忘的速度很快，后来就逐渐减慢了，到了相当长的时候后，几乎就不再遗忘了，这就是遗忘的发展规律，即“先快后慢“的原则。观察这条遗忘曲线，你会发现,学得的知识在一天后，如不抓紧复习,就只剩下原来的 25%)。随着时间的推移,遗忘的速度减慢，遗忘的数量也就减少。有人做过一个实验，两组学生学习一段课文，甲组在学习后不久进行一次复习，乙组不予复习，一天后甲组保持 98%，乙组保持 56%；一周后甲组保持
10、 83%，乙组保持 33%。乙组的遗忘平均值比甲组高。 二、不同性质材料有不同的遗忘曲线 而且，艾宾浩斯还在关于记忆的实验中发现，记住 12 个无意义音节，平均需要重复 16.5次；为了记住 36 个无意义章节，需重复 54 次；而记忆六首诗中的 480 个音节，平均只需要重复 8 次！这个实验告诉我们，凡是理解了的知识，就能记得迅速、全面而牢固。不然，愣是死记硬背，那也是费力不讨好的。因此，比较容易记忆的是那些有意义的材料，而那些无意义的材料在记忆的时候比较费力气，在以后回忆起来的时候也很不轻松。因此，艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线是关于遗忘的一种曲线，而且是对无意义的音节而言，对于与其他材料的对比，艾宾
11、浩斯又得出了不同性质材料的不同遗忘曲线，不过他们大体上都是一致的。 因此，艾宾浩斯的实验向我们充分证实了一个道理，学习要勤于复习，而且记忆的理解效果越好，遗忘的也越慢。 三、不同的人有不同的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线-个性化的艾宾浩斯 上述的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线是艾宾浩斯在实验室中经过了大量测试后，产生了不同的记忆数据，从而生成的一种曲线，是一个具有共性的群体规律。此记忆曲线并不考虑接受试验个人的个性特点，而是寻求一种处于平衡点的记忆规律。 但是记忆规律可以具体到我们每个人，因为我们的生理特点、生活经历不同，可能导致我们有不同的记忆习惯、记忆方式、记忆特点。规律对于自然人改造世界的行为，只能起一个催化的作用
12、，如果与每个人的记忆特点相吻合，那么就如顺水扬帆，一日千里；如果与个人记忆特点相悖，记忆效果则会大打折扣。因此，我们要根据每个人的不同特点，寻找到属于自己的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线 2如何学英语 下定决心，坚持不懈 英语学习作为一门语言技能，通过大量的训练和练习任何人是可以掌握的。一般地说，英语学习的原则是听、说领先，读、写跟上。李扬的疯狂英语提倡，首先建立起我能学好英语的信心，然后以句子为单位，大量地模仿，疯狂地操练，大声地朗读，最后达到自如地说英语，他的方法对提高说英语的能力很奏效。钟道隆教授 45 岁开始学英语，一年后，学成出国当口语翻译，并创造了逆苦恼、逆急于求成、逆速成的逆向学习英语的方法。
13、他还提出学习英语要遵循听、写、说、背、想的方法，他的方法强调以听为主，并且把所听到的内容全部写下来。尤其是他的学习精神最可佳，他学习英语用坏了十几台录音机，你可想象他听了多少英语；用完的圆珠笔芯几乎装满了一个一拉罐，你可想象他写了多少，在一年半内，累计业余学习英语时间大约三千小时，也就说每天抽出几个小时来学英语。如果我们做到他那样，一定也能学好英语。最重要的是坚持，只要能下定决心，坚持每天至少一个小时的学习英语，战胜自我最后肯定会有收获的。 注意方法，循序渐进 决心下定，还注意学习方法，有时根据自己的情况和不同的学习目的，选择不同的学习方法，但是学习英语一定要踏踏实实地、一步一个脚印地走。要把
14、基础知识掌握好，也就是说，发音要正确、基本词汇要掌握牢、基本句式要熟练、基本语法要会用。 （1）要过好语音关。把每一个音标发正确，注意改正有问题的音素，特别是那些容易混淆的音素，尽早地掌握国际音标，并尽量的掌握一些读音规则，尽快地能利用读音规则来拼单词，掌握读音规则对单词的记忆和拼写非常有用。 （2）掌握一定数量的英语单词。对于学习者来说掌握英语词汇是一难关，学习单词要从单词的形、音、义这三方面去掌握，要注意单词的一词多义，一词多类的用法，要学会一些构词法的知识，来扩展词汇量。学习单词要在语言材料中去学，要结合词组，通过句子，阅读文章来活记单词，死记的单词是记不牢的。坚持在读、说前，先反复听，
15、听的时候反应单词、句子的意思和节奏，想一下单词的拼法、句子结构。并要同学习语法规则有机结合起来进行。 （3）掌握好基本语法。语法在学习英语中也很重要，它能帮助我们把握住英语的基本规律，通过例句或语言现象把死的语法规则要记住，活的规则要通过做大量的练习掌握。总之学习英语要通过听、说、读、写、译来进行操练，不但要注意数量，更重要的是要注意质量，尤其是基本知识要掌握的准确，熟练。只有经过大量的实践，才能做到熟能生巧，运用自如。 提前预习，有的放矢 作为学生，在每次上课前，都要对要学的课文提前预习。首先在音标的帮助下试着拼读单词，也可以借助配套磁带反复听，对比一下，把握不准的要标出来，注意上课老师的发
16、音，还要记一下单词的汉语意思和词性。借助课文的注释或辅导材料，预习一遍课文，找出不明白的地方，做到心中有数，在教师讲课时注意听这些地方。总之，预习的目的是熟悉要学的内容，找出不明白的地方，带着问题听课，做到有的放矢。 认真听课，积极配合 课堂是老师与学生一起学习、掌握、运用知识的主要场所。作为起主导作用的老师一方引导学生搞好课堂教学是很必要的，但也需要学习者的积极配合。上课要专心听讲、作好笔记、认真操练、积极思考。预习时出现的问题在课堂上教师没有讲到的，要向老师提出，把问题搞清楚，老师讲授的问题，先注意听，下课后整理一下笔记，反复思考一下这些问题，抓住老师所讲的重点，难点和考点。总之，上课时要
17、做到耳听、眼观、嘴动、脑想，调动起多个感官来。 完成作业，找出问题 学完每一课，要认真完成课后作业。做作业时一定不要看参考书上题的答案，做完后再对答案，对于作业中所出现的不明白的问题，应该记下来，等下次上课时提出来。做作业是英语学习的很重要的环节，它是消化知识和巩固知识的过程，一定要认真完成规定的作业，笔头作业要动一动笔，口头作业要动一动嘴，提高听力要练一练耳，课文在听和读的基础上，最好背诵某些精彩段落。总之，要做大量的练习，英语是练出来的， 一定不要偷懒。 及时复习，巩固知识 学会了的东西随着时间的流逝会逐渐遗忘，但学语言有遗忘现象是正常的。更不必因为有遗忘现象而影响自己学好英语的信心与决心
18、。问题在于怎样来减轻遗忘的程度。善于类比，总结知识，把新学的知识同过去学的有关的知识进行横向和纵向比较和联系。建立错误档案记录，加深印象，以避免再反同样错误。我们大部分知识和技能是靠重复获得的，及时复习对于记忆非常必要，学英语就是要坚持天天不断的练，不断地重复基本句型，常用词汇和基本语法等。学习英语的过程也是同遗忘做斗争的过程。 总而言之，只要你能做到下定决心学，注意学习方法，把课前预习，认真听课，完成作业，及时复习这些环节作好了，你一定能够学好英语2010 年 6 月大学英语六级考试听力理解音频 MP3 及原文完整版Section AShort Conversation11. M: Oh,
19、Im so sorry I forgot to bring along the book you borrowed from the library.W: What a terrible memory you have! Anyway, I wont need it until Friday night. As long as I can get it by then, OK?Q: What do we learn from this conversation?12. W: Doctor, I havent been able to get enough sleep lately, and I
20、m too tired to concentrate in class.M: Well, you know, spending too much time indoors with all that artificial lighting can do that to you. Your body loses track of whether its day or night.Q: What does the man imply?13. M: I think Ill get one of those new T-shirts, you know, with the schools logo o
21、n both the front and the back.W: Youll regret it. They are expensive, and Ive heard the printing fades easily when you wash them.Q: What does the woman mean?14. W: I think your article in the school newspaper is right on target, and your viewpoints have certainly convinced me.M: Thanks, but in view
22、of the general responses, you and I are definitely in the minority.Q: What does the man mean?15. M: Daisy was furious yesterday because I lost her notebook. Should I go see her and apologize to her again?W: Well, if I were you, Id let her cool off a few days before I approach her.Q: What does the wo
23、man suggest the man do?16. M: Would you please tell me where I can get batteries for this brand of camera?W: Let me have a look. Oh, yes, go down this aisle, pass the garden tools, youll find them on the shelf next to the light bulbs.Q: What is the man looking for?17. M: Our basketball team is playi
24、ng in the finals but I dont have a ticket. I guess Ill just watch it on TV. Do you want to come over?W: Actually I have a ticket. But Im not feeling well. You can have it for what it cost me.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?18. M: Honey, Ill be going straight to the theatre from work this e
25、vening. Could you bring my suit and tie along?W: Sure, its the first performance of the State Symphony Orchestra in our city, so suit and tie is a must.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?Long ConversationsConversation 1M: I got two letters this morning with job offers, one from the Polytechni
26、c, and the other from the Language School in Pistoia, Italy.W: So you are not sure which to go for?M: Thats it. Of course, the conditions of work are very different: The Polytechnic is offering two-year contract which could be renewed, but the Language School is only offering a years contract, and t
27、hats a definite minus. It could be renewed, but you never know.W: I see. So its much less secure. But you dont need to think too much about steady jobs when you are only 23.M: Thats true.W: What about the salaries?M: Well, the Pistoia job pays much better in the short term. Ill be getting the equiva
28、lent of about 22,000 pounds a year there, but only 20,000 pounds at the Polytechnic. But then the hours are different. At the Polytechnic Id have to do 35 hours a week, 20 teaching and 15 administration, whereas the Pistoia school is only asking for 30 hours teaching.W: MmmM: Then the type of teachi
29、ng is so different. The Polytechnic is all adults and mostly preparation for exams like the Cambridge certificates. The Language School wants me to do a bit of exam preparation, but also quite a lot of work in companies and factories, and a couple of childrens classes. Oh, and a bit of literature te
30、aching.W: Well, that sounds much more varied and interesting. And Id imagine youd be doing quite a lot of teaching outside the school, and moving around quite a bit.M: Yes, whereas with the Polytechnic position, Id be stuck in the school all day.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you h
31、ave just heard:Q19. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?Q20. What do we learn about the students at the Polytechnic?Q21. What does the woman think of the job at the Language School?Conversation 2Good evening and welcome to tonights edition of Legendary Lives. Our subject this evenin
32、g is James Dean, actor and hero for the young people of his time. Edward Murray is the author of a new biography of Dean.W: Good evening, Edward.M: Hello Tina.W: Edward, tell us what you know about Deans early life.M: He was born in Indiana in 1931, but his parents moved to California when he was fi
33、ve. He wasnt there long though because his mother passed away just four years later. Jimmys father sent him back to Indiana after that to live with his aunt.W: So how did he get into acting?M: Well, first he acted in plays at high school, then he went to college in California where he got seriously
34、into acting. In 1951 he moved to New York to do more stage acting.W: Then when did his movie career really start?M: 1955. His first starring role was in East of Eden. It was fabulous. Dean became a huge success. But the movie that really made him famous was his second one, Rebel Without a Cause, tha
35、t was about teenagers who felt like they didnt fit into society.W: So how many more movies did he make?M: Just one more, then he died in that car crash in California in 1955.W: What a tragedy! He only made three movies! So what made him the legend he still is today?M: Well I guess his looks, his act
36、ing ability, his short life, and maybe the type of character he played in his movies. Many young people saw him as a symbol of American youths.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard:Q22 What is the woman doing?Q23 Why did James Dean move back to Indiana when he was youn
37、g?Q24 What does the man say James Dean did at college in California?Q25 What do we learn about James Dean from the conversation?Section BPassage 1The time is 9 oclock and this is Marian Snow with the news.The German authorities are sending investigators to discover the cause of the plane crash late
38、yesterday on the island of Tenerife. The plane, a Boeing 737, taking German holiday makers to the island crashed into a hillside as it circled while preparing to land. The plane was carrying 180 passengers. Its thought there are no survivors. Rescue workers are at the scene.The British industrialist
39、 James Louis, held by kidnappers in Central Africa for the past 8 months, was released unharmed yesterday. The kidnappers had been demanding 1 million pounds for the release of Mr. Louis. The London Bank and their agents who had been negotiating with the kidnappers have not said whether any amount o
40、f money has been paid.The 500 UK motors workers who had been on strike in High Town for the past 3 three weeks went back to work this morning. This follows successful talks between management and union representatives, which resulted in a new agreement on working hour and conditions. A spokesman for
41、 the management said that theyd hope they could now get back to producing cars, and that they lost a lot of money and orders over this dispute.And finally the weather. After a cold start, most of the country should be warm and sunny. But towards late afternoon, rain will spread from Scotland to cove
42、r most parts by midnight.Questions 26 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.Q26 What does the news say about the Boeing 737 plane?Q27 What happened to British industrialist James Louis?Q28 How did the 3-week strike in High Town end?Q29 What kind of weather will be expected by midnight in m
43、ost parts of the country?Passage 2Juan Louis, a junior geology major, decided to give an informative speech about how earthquakes occur. From his audience analysis he learned that only 2 or 3 of his classmates knew much of anything about geology. Juan realized then that he must present his speech at
44、 an elementary level and with a minimum of scientific language. As he prepared the speech, Juan kept asking himself, “How can I make this clear and meaningful to someone who knows nothing about earthquakes or geological principles?” Since he was speaking in the Midwest, he decided to begin by noting
45、 that the most severe earthquake in American history took place not in California or Alaska but at New Madrid, Missouri in 1811. If such an earthquake happened today, it would be felt from the Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean and would flatten most of the cities in the Mississippi valley. That,
46、 he figured, should get his classmates attention. Throughout the body of the speech, Juan dealt only with the basic mechanics of earthquakes and carefully avoided technical terms. He also prepared visual aids, diagramming fold lines, so his classmates wouldnt get confused. To be absolutely safe, Jua
47、n asked his roommate, who was not a geology major, to listen to the speech. “Stop me,” he said, “any time I say something you dont understand.” Juans roommate stopped him four times. And at each spot, Juan worked out a way to make his point more clearly. Finally, he had a speech that was interesting
48、 and perfectly understandable to his audience.Questions 30 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.Q30 What did Juan Louis learn from the analysis of his audience?Q31 How did Juan Louis start his speech?Q32 What did Juan ask his roommate to do when he was making his trial speech?Passage 3Esp
49、eranto is an artificial language, designed to serve internationally as an auxiliary means of communication among speakers of different languages. It was created by Ludwig Lazar Zamenhof, a Polish Jewish doctor specialized in eye diseases. Esperanto was first presented in 1887. An international movement was launched to promote its use. Despite arguments and disagreements, the movement has continued to flourish and has members in more than 80 countries.Esperanto is used internationally across language boundaries by at least 1 million people,
